Download or read book Essays on Charitable Activity written by Jonathan D. Oxley and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three separate essays on various types of charitable activity. Each chapter examines incentives for charitable giving, including how charity religious affiliation impacts donations, how donors and charities respond to mandatory unrelated business income tax return disclosure, and the long-run impact of heterogeneous mission educational aid. These works advance the field by examining the motivations of altruistic behavior in terms of charity affiliations, how donors and charitable organizations respond to mandatory disclosure requirements, and the long-run impact of development aid affiliated with a religious group. In chapter one, I explore donor preferences for charity religious affiliation. In the United States, most charitable donations go to religiously affiliated organizations, yet the impact of a charity's affiliation on donor behavior is currently unclear. To better understand this impact, I use a laboratory experiment to explore how a charity's religious affiliation drives donor behavior. In doing so, I contribute to the understanding of how charity affiliations impact donor decisions. In the experiment, subjects select one charity from a list of eight, with each charity varying in religious affiliation. Masked and unmasked sessions differ in the inclusion of religious affiliation from half the charities, with masked sessions omitting religious affiliation of the charities. I find that adding religious language decreases donation frequency for Christian charities competing against other religious charities. Furthermore, adding religious language increases the average donation size for secular charities competing against Christian charities but decreases average donations for Christian charities competing against other religious charities. Subjects prefer charity religious affiliation to match their own religious identity; however, subject strength of religiosity is more predictive in charity choice than religious affiliation. Next, chapter two examines how charities and donors respond to mandatory disclosure. Financial disclosure requirements are common accountability measures placed on publicly funded organizations. However, the impact of financial disclosure requirements on organizational structure or on financial contributors' behavior is not well understood in the context of non-profit organizations. I explore this question by analyzing mandatory Form 990-T disclosure included in the Pension Protection Act. This contributes to the understanding of organizational and financial contributor response to mandatory disclosure in an environment already requiring operation data disclosure. I use a difference-in-differences approach, comparing organizations filing a Form 990-T at least once in the three years prior to passage to those who did not. I find that one in four filing organizations create a subsidiary in the following two filing years. Subsidiary tax filings are not subject to disclosure, indicating that non-profits can restructure their organizations in a manner allowing them to circumvent disclosure requirements. While charities alter their organizational structure, I find no evidence of net changes in donor behavior towards charities, as aggregate total contributions and government grants received do not change. Finally, chapter three examines the long-run impacts of religious-based development charities on economic and cultural outcomes. I explore this question by using the differences in education aid by Presbyterian and Methodist missions in 20th century Korea, where Presbyterian missions established 85% of all mission schools and required conversion for attendance. Using variation in an agreement defining boundaries on Presbyterian and Methodist mission operations, I find no differences in educational attainment, household income, or Protestant affiliation across comity agreement borders when looking at the South Korean Population. However, among South Korean Protestants, I find that Protestants living in historically Presbyterian areas earn approximately 300,000 won a month more than Protestant households on the Methodist side of the comity agreement border. The difference in income is not caused by differing levels of education, as I find no difference in Protestant educational attainment across the comity agreement border in either age groups born before compulsory education or those born afterward.

Download or read book Essays on the Principles of Charitable Institutions written by Essays and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2016-05-18 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book Between State and Market written by Kahanoff Foundation. Non-Profit Sector Research Initiative and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2001 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between State and Market surveys and critiques the existing literature on charities law as well as the laws themselves. The authors offer policy prescriptions for the future of an increasingly vital sector of Canadian society. The first section of the book contains an overview of the charitable sector in Canada, a sociological review of altruism in different societies, a discussion of altruism in various philosophical and religious traditions, an economic analysis of "rational voluntarism," and an assessment of the relationship between the charitable sector and the welfare state. The second section contains five papers on the legal definition of charity, both general (the jurisprudence of the Federal Court of Appeal and a proposal for rethinking the concept of "public benefit"), and particular (the political purposes doctrine, religion as charity, and a commentary on the recent major Supreme Court decision on the meaning of charity). The third section deals with the tax status of charities: two papers evaluate the current tax credit system and one deals with the administration of charities by the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency. The final section contains essays on charities and commercial enterprise, on the regulation of fund-raising, and on needed reforms in non-profit corporation law. At a time when the federal government is about to embark on a wide range of policy initiatives to assist and regulate the non-profit sector, these essays are necessary reading for anyone concerned with the future of the charitable sector in Canada. Contributors include Neil Brooks (Osgoode Hall Law School), Cara Cameron (McGill), Bruce Chapman, Kevin Davis (Toronto), Abraham Drassinower (Toronto), David Duff (Toronto), Richard Janda (McGill), Will Kymlicka (Queen's), Andrée Lajoie (Montreal), Mayo Moran (Toronto), Charles-Maxime Panaccio (office of Mr Justice Charles Gonthier), Jim Phillips, Jane Allyn Piliavin (Wisconsin-Madison), David Sharpe (Attorney-General's Office, New York State), Lorne Sossin (Osgoode Hall Law School), David Stevens, and Jen-Chieh Ting (Academia Sinica). Jim Phillips is professor of law at the University of Toronto. Bruce Chapman is professor of law at the University of Toronto. David Stevens is professor of law at McGill University

Download or read book Essays on the Principles of Charitable Institutions written by Essays and published by . This book was released on 1836 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Philanthropy and Social Progress written by Jane Addams and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Charitable Contributions of Money and Time written by Laura Tiehen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Charitable Giving and Non profit Organizational Behavior written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there has been considerable research into patterns of charitable giving to non-profits, comparatively little is known about the behavior and motivations of organizations within these markets. This work contributes to the literature on non-profits by investigating the motivations of non-profit organizations and the effect of these actions on market structure. I first form a dynamic model of oligopoly in a non-profit market, specifically allowing for organizational utility to follow several specifications proposed by the literature: own revenues, own provision of services, and/or total market surplus. I obtain theoretical results on market efficiency under these different utility specifications, as well as for different underlying market parameters. Using nationwide shelter-level panel data of U.S. transitional housing programs, I employ the dynamic model to gain inference on the true specification of organizational utility. Finally, I use the estimated model to simulate market responses to shocks to the number of providers, the demand for services, and the supply of contributions. None of the utility functions proposed by the literature significantly explains organizational behavior, with the results more consistent with a fixed organizational utility associated with entry. Relatedly, the market structure shows slow and relatively small responses to the simulated shocks. This questions the efficacy of increasing government donations to non-profits or the ability of non-profit markets to increase production in response to a decrease in government service provision. In the final chapter, I employ a natural field experiment to investigate how the framing of solicitation in fundraising can increase the efficacy of this important non-profit operation. A treatment of suggesting a specific donation amount to individuals both increases the incidence of giving and strongly collapses the donation distribution on the suggestion amount. This implies that individuals are motivated by a social or fundraiser norm signaled by the suggestion amount, and that organizations can use this suggestion power to improve the efficiency of fundraising.

Download or read book Inventing the Nonprofit Sector and Other Essays on Philanthropy Voluntarism and Nonprofit Organizations written by Peter Dobkin Hall and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philanthropy and voluntarism are among the most familiar and least understood of American institutions. The oldest American nonprofit corporation -- Harvard College -- dates from 1636, but most of the million or so nonprofits currently in existence were established after 1960. In "Inventing the Nonprofit Sector" and Other Essays on Philanthropy, Voluntarism, and Nonprofit Organizations cultural historian Peter Dobkin Hall describes and analyzes the development of America's fastest growing institutional sector.

Download or read book Philanthropy and Social Progress written by Jane Addams and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Principles of Charitable Institutions 1836 written by Anonymous and published by . This book was released on 2008-06 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

Download or read book A Friendly And Charitable Legacy To The World written by Hamon L'Estrange and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2018-03 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book A Friendly and Charitable Legacy to the World written by Hamon L'Estrange and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book A Friendly and Charitable Legacy to the World written by Hamon L'Estrange and published by . This book was released on 1767 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Determinants of and Returns to Volunteering written by Forough Seifi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three essays on the determinants of and returns to volunteering. The first essay, 'volunteer opportunities and volunteering' examines the relationship between physical access to charitable organizations and volunteering. Formal volunteer activities usually take place within a charitable or non-profit organization. While the physical presence of these organizations is required for citizens who want to contribute to their communities, the availability of charitable organizations (number and type) varies from neighbourhood to neighbourhood. Until now, no one has examined the role played by charity proximity on volunteer decisions. In this paper I use information on the location of registered charities in Canada (from the CRA T3010 registered charity returns) merged with survey information on volunteering (from General Social Surveys conducted by Statistics Canada) to examine how physical access affects volunteer behaviour. Careful attention is paid to the possibility that the measure of access might be endogenous: organizations and individuals may respond to the same unobservable factors when deciding where to locate. Various strategies including an instrumental variables procedure are undertaken to deal with this possibility. My results suggest that access does matter for the decision to volunteer as well as for the amount of time devoted to volunteering. My estimates imply that increasing the number of charitable organizations within a one-kilometre buffer around an individual's place of residence by 6% (the growth rate of the number charities in Canada (between 2003 to 2009), increases the predicted probability of volunteering by 5%. The second essay, 'the returns to working for free' examines the relationship between volunteering and income. Previous studies have shown volunteering to be associated with an earnings premium, but many of these studies fail to take into account the possible endogeneity between volunteering and income. Using data from the General Social Surveys (2003, 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2013), I investigate the causal relationship between volunteering and income. I employ a novel instrument, a measure of access to charitable organizations around an individual's place of residence, along with more conventional ones, like membership or participation in different groups or organizations, to examine this relationship and try to understand how volunteering might affect earned income. Identifying the effect of volunteering of the different subgroups affected by the different instruments provides a (surprisingly) large range of estimates. For example estimates in the upper range found in the literature (53%) are found for individuals who are induced to volunteer because of their membership or participation in sport or recreational organizations, no returns are found for those induced to volunteer because of their membership or participation in school or civic groups, negative returns (22%) are found for those induced to volunteer because of their membership or participation in religious affiliated groups and very large (47%), but imprecise estimates are found for those induced to volunteer because of proximity to charitable organizations. The third essay, 'doing good, feeling good: causal evidence from Canadian volunteers' examines the relationships between volunteering and health, and volunteering and life satisfaction. A literature suggests that volunteers are healthier and happier than their non-volunteering counterparts. But this 'observation' is fraught with problems of endogeneity. Some papers have addressed the endogeneity problem with an instrumental variable technique; mostly relying on measures of 'religiosity' as instruments. However, no studies of such nature have been conducted in Canada. Using data from the General Social Surveys, I again employ the measure of physical access to charitable organizations within a three-kilometer radius of an individual's place of residence as the main identifying instrument to examine the causal relationship between volunteering, health and life satisfaction for individuals aged 15 years old and over. Employing a conditional mixed process (CMP) to estimate the model, I conclude that volunteering is a significant predictor of health, and it has a statistically significant effect on life satisfaction for female and middle-aged individuals.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Private Provision of Pure Public Goods written by Amornrat Apinunmahakul and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay one. Equity and financing of pure public goods via lotteries . In this study, I consider a two-part tariff lottery game where provision of a pure public good is financed from the net proceeds of ticket sales. When participation in the game is obligatory (that is, the Government can charge all citizens a fixed participation fee, but citizens choose how many lottery tickets to acquire), then by choosing the fixed fee (or participation fee) appropriately, the first-best outcome can be implemented. At a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium, financing provision of the public good via a lottery mechanism solves the preference revelation problem. In equilibrium, when citizens purchase lottery tickets to maximize their expected utility, they pay their Lindahl price for the consumption of the public good. The public good is provided at the first-best level. When participation is completely voluntary, the lottery pot must be increased in order to attract the participation of those citizens who derive low marginal benefit from the provision of the public good. Although the first-best level of provision of the public good may not be reached, the two-part tariff lottery game provides at least as much of the public good as a simple raffle. Essay two. Strategic interaction and charitable fund-raising . This study uses a game theoretical model to consider an economy where two public goods can be provided by different types of charities--either by one 'United Charity' or two specialized 'stand-alone' charities. An important feature of the analysis is the explicit consideration given to the strategic aspects of inter-charity competition. The study contrast the provision of the pure public goods in three dimensions, i.e., institutional frameworks, objective functions for charities, and the fund-raising structure. One significant result is that if charities are benevolent and donor-designation is honoured by the United Charity, the institutional structure and the timing of fund-raising campaigns do not matter; in contrast, both the institutional structure and the timing of fund-raising campaigns matter if charities maximize donation incomes. Essay three. Canadian charitable giving: Cash versus playing charitable lotteries. Using a bivariate Tobit model, this empirical study analyzes Canadian giving behaviour by examining donations of cash versus indirect giving via the purchase of charitable-run lotteries, charitable bingos and casinos, as well as the buying of goods whose proceeds are used to finance charitable activities. The paper uses the survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (SGVP) conducted by Statistics Canada (and several other agencies) in 1997. In addition to looking at the relationship between direct and indirect charitable giving, this study also make predictions regarding how much will be donated either directly or indirectly with changes in tax rates, government expenditures, household income, as well as a variety of personal and household characteristics.

Download or read book Why I Write written by George Orwell and published by Renard Press Ltd. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: George Orwell set out ‘to make political writing into an art’, and to a wide extent this aim shaped the future of English literature – his descriptions of authoritarian regimes helped to form a new vocabulary that is fundamental to understanding totalitarianism. While 1984 and Animal Farm are amongst the most popular classic novels in the English language, this new series of Orwell’s essays seeks to bring a wider selection of his writing on politics and literature to a new readership. In Why I Write, the first in the Orwell’s Essays series, Orwell describes his journey to becoming a writer, and his movement from writing poems to short stories to the essays, fiction and non-fiction we remember him for. He also discusses what he sees as the ‘four great motives for writing’ – ‘sheer egoism’, ‘aesthetic enthusiasm’, ‘historical impulse’ and ‘political purpose’ – and considers the importance of keeping these in balance. Why I Write is a unique opportunity to look into Orwell’s mind, and it grants the reader an entirely different vantage point from which to consider the rest of the great writer’s oeuvre. 'A writer who can – and must – be rediscovered with every age.' — Irish Times

Download or read book A Gift Observed written by M. A. Lerner and published by . This book was released on 2000-09-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A Gift Observed" has been privately published for a decade. It is a collection of essays on the nature of philanthropy that has circulated widely in the American foundation community. It asks critical questions about the nature of organized philanthropy. "A profound and provocative reflection on philanthropy as seen through many disciplinary lenses, from one of today's most remarkable nonprofit leaders. We follow along as a brilliant man teaches himself about philanthropy, creating a guide that will prompt reflection by serious beginners and experienced hands alike." --Katherine Fulton, The Monitor Institute and Global Business Network "This is one of the very best books I have read on philanthropy and foundations. It is at once highly personal and intellectually engaging in its reflections, and useful in a professional sense. It offers a rare combination of scholarly and experiential reflection, all from a voice that is rarely available to the public -- the honest and heartfelt thinking of a whip-smart foundation president. We offer this text gladly to the young foundations professionals in our network because it provides historical, cultural and political context for the challenges and paradoxes they face day-to-day at work." --Rusty Stahl, Executive Director, Emerging Practitioners in Philanthropy