Download or read book Essays on Business Ownership and Self employment written by Robert Munk and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three chapters on self-employment and business ownership. In the first chapter, I re-examine the earnings differential between self- and wage-employed men. Using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I find that the timing and (voluntary or involuntary) nature of men’s transitions into self-employment are important determinants of whether they receive wage-gains. I find that when a man transitions from wage-employment to self-employment voluntarily and early in his career, his wage is predicted to increase contemporaneously by 31%. The magnitude of this increase is 2.6 times larger than the predicted wage change associated with a voluntary, early-career transition to a new wage job. Conversely, I find that when a man transitions from wage-employment to self-employment involuntarily and late in his career, his predicted wage decreases contemporaneously by 18%. The magnitude of this decrease is larger than the predicted 13% wage decrease associated with an involuntary, late career transition to a new wage job. In the second chapter, motivated by the finding that partnered men and women are more likely to become business owners than are their single counterparts, I ask whether the observed marriage and cohabitation effects are a result of partner income. Using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I first show that when partner income is included as a control, the marriage and cohabitation effects decrease substantially for women, while the effects persist for men. Second, I show that the marriage and cohabitation effects vary with partner income for women but not men. For example, a woman whose husband’s income is in the fifth quintile is 1.9 times more likely to transition to business ownership than a woman whose husband’s income is in the second quintile for men. On the other hand, a married man with a high-income wife is no more or less likely to transition to business ownership than a married man with a low-income wife. In the third chapter, re-examine Lazear’s (2005) jack-of-all-trades theory. Using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I ask, what are the wage gains associated with a self-employed worker’s prior occupational experience? Overall, I find results consistent with Lazear’s theory, which suggests that the returns to occupational specialization are substantially larger for wage workers than the self-employed. I predict that self-employed workers with ten years of prior occupational experience earn a wage that is only 3.2% greater than do self-employed workers with two years of prior occupational experience. However, for wage workers I predict that the wage gains associated with a ten year increase in prior occupational experience (zero to ten years) is 2.1 times larger than the wage gains associated with a two year increase (zero to two years) in prior occupational experience.

Download or read book Essays in Labor Markets written by Ximena Peña-Parga and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third Chapter, coauthored with Camilo Mondragon-Velez, explores the question of whether "pure" self-employment in Colombia is a form of, or a path, to entrepreneurship. We study the motivations to become an entrepreneur by, first, analyzing the transition into and out of potential forms of entrepreneurship. Second, we focus on the financial motivations by measuring the differences in earnings of self-employment and business ownership relative to salaried work. The results of this paper suggest that while business ownership is what the literature associates with entrepreneurship, self-employment is basically a subsistence activity.

Download or read book Essays on the Determinants of Self employment written by Edvard Johansson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Entrepreneurship and Personal Finance written by Derek Potter and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-employment and the operation of private businesses form an important sector of the U.S. labor market, accounting for over 400,000 new organizations launched annually in recent years and nearly two-thirds of job creation according to the Small Business Administration. Yet, ownership of a business is fraught with financial risks, leading some economists to suggest that the average lifetime earnings of private business owners trail those of traditional employment. The three essays that follow explore (a) the motives that may drive people to pursue entrepreneurship despite the financial risk, (b) the asset allocation behavior of practicing entrepreneurs, and (c) the resulting satisfaction levels of those who transition into entrepreneurship. The first essay examines a population of users in the pre-launch phase of business development. Past research has suggested that given the lower expected financial returns from entrepreneurship that motivations to launch a business might be driven by preferences for high degrees of autonomy, overly optimistic assessments of financial outcomes, or higher risk preferences. Measures of each of these phenomena are included in a cohesive model guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior along with other relevant variables. Logistic regression predicting intent to launch a business in the future reveals that more general attitudes towards entrepreneurship increase the likelihood of interest in business ownership, while financial motivations are tied to decreased likelihood. The second essay examines the impact of business ownership during the operation of the business. Granted that business owners possess illiquid private organizations, Modern Portfolio Theory might predict that they reduce exposure to other risky asset classes (e.g., stocks). This essay examines stock ownership with consideration given to entrepreneurial status as well as the level of risk exposure stemming from owning a business. Logistic regression using data from the 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances reveals that business owners are less likely to participate in the stock market. An Ordinary Least Squares regression modeling the ratio of equity to total financial assets, however, reveals no significant differences in levels of equity ownership among business owners and the traditionally employed. Collectively, these findings may indicate that entrepreneurs face initial barriers to stock market investment that later fade if participation in the equity market does begin. Finally, the third essay utilizes longitudinal 2008-2014 Health and Retirement Study data to examine levels of job, financial, and life satisfaction. Variable selection is guided by the Job-Demand-Control model, and three random effects cumulative logits are produced. Findings suggest that transitions into entrepreneurship are associated with increased odds of job satisfaction but reduced odds of financial or life satisfaction. Results from these three studies imply that individuals might pursue entrepreneurship for non-financial reasons. However, engaging in the launch of a business could affect financial decision making and asset allocation behavior, as well as subsequent levels of satisfaction with personal finances and life. Implications for organizations and professionals who support prospective entrepreneurs are discussed.

Download or read book Entrepreneurship Self Employment and Retirement written by N. Sappleton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of nine studies which contribute to a more robust and richer understanding of entrepreneurship, self-employment and retirement in a diversity of settings, including the Netherlands, Canada, the United Kingdom, Singapore and the US, by drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data.

Download or read book Essays on Self employment and Entrepreneurship written by Alejandro Gabriel Rasteletti and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Self employment written by Moira K. Daly and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Complete Guide to Working for Yourself written by Beth Williams and published by Atlantic Publishing Company. This book was released on 2008 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You will learn about business operations, licensing, laws, finances, how to hire employees, marketing and advertising, location, taxes, and much more. This comprehensive book will guide you through starting your own business and address any issues or concerns that you may have.

Download or read book The 250 Questions Every Self Employed Person Should Ask written by Mary Mihaly and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-12-18 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I want to be my own boss. I never want to punch another timeclock. I want to follow my own dream. Each year, millions of Americans choose the path of self-employment—whether as freelancers, consultants, or microbusiness owners. And every year, they encounter pitfalls and detours along the way. When they have questions, where can they turn? This book answers 250 of the most critical questions about short- and long-term success, such as: What are the specific tax benefits of being self-employed? What kind of insurance coverage do I need for a home-based business? What's a domain name, and where can I get one? When should I hire employees? Planning is key to any self-employment arrangement. Accomplished freelancer Mary Mihaly calls on fifteen-plus years of experience to present the questions that you might not even know to ask--the ones that will set you up for success. With this book by your side, you can find happiness in your true calling.

Download or read book Self Employment Small Firms and Enterprise written by Peter Urwin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph considers issues that are central to our understanding of self-employment in the UK. The author begins with a review on the evidence of the role of self employment and entrepreneurship in employment creation. The discussion ten moves on to consider self-employment as a route for advancement of many groups in society that face disadvantage in the labour market. The author concludes by considering the role of government in this relationship.

Download or read book Essays in Entrepreneurship and Household Finance written by Yoosef Ghahreman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation is focused on the relationship between financial and business decisions of households. The first essay examines how founders of new businesses changed their portfolios in the aftermath of the 2007-2008 financial crisis. Using the Survey of Consumer Finances 2007-2009 panel data, I find evidence that those who became entrepreneurs (entrants) reduced financial portfolio risk compared to those who remained paid employees. I identify a movement away from stockholdings as a result of entry, and provide support for a response to the background risk arising from privately held businesses. Business ownership was also associated with changes in the real estate holdings of entrants. These findings highlight the link between private and public equity markets through entrepreneurs' portfolio choices and introduce a connection between housing and entrepreneurship through changes in home ownership. The second essay studies the trends in angel investment in a representative sample of the U.S. economy and explores the characteristics of these individual private investors. Our results suggest that angel investment is highly concentrated among the wealthiest households, and wealth plays an important role in participation, even among the top 1% of wealth distribution. These wealthy households, who own the majority of the economy's angel equity, increased their participation in the angel investing market during the 1998-2010 period, unaffected by the recessions and financial crisis. In the representative sample, self-employment plays an important role in predicting the incidence of being an angel investor and angel equity share, but the relationship is not as robust for the subsample of the top 1%. Self-reported willingness to take financial risk is generally associated with a higher likelihood of being an angel investor and a larger share of angel equity in different specifications, especially for the 1%. The angels are likely to be more financially disciplined as measured by their credit card balances and how much effort they put into choosing their investments. Angels' affluence, their higher financial discipline and more risk tolerance, together with the relatively low shares of angel equity in the portfolios of most angel investors might suggest calculated risk taking on the part of an average angel investor.

Download or read book To what Extent Do You Agree with the View that Franchising is the Salvation of People Starting and Operating a Small Business written by Christian Bacher and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-08-24 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Company formation, Business Plans, grade: A, University of Otago (Department of Management), course: Small Businesses, 31 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Franchising as a way of starting or operating a small business that is more likely to be successful than engaging in an independent small business. This was the predominant opinion during the last decades (Hoy, 1994). The common view towards franchising merits a closer look into situations franchising and non-franchising small businesses could face to finally answer the title-question of this essay "To what extend do you (do I) agree with the view that Franchising is the salvation of people starting and operating a small business?". To provide a sound answer the initial question requires some clarification. The basic notions of 'franchising' and 'small business' are defined and described in the first chapter. The second chapter, however, focuses on the person who starts or runs the small business, the entrepreneur or small business owner. The understanding of the entrepreneur's personality shall be enhanced by asking several questions. What kinds of decisions do self-employed people have to make, what are the threats they are confronted with and what determinates their failure and success? What might be the reasons for entrepreneurial behaviour and how might small business people feel running or starting the business? Moreover, what could the term 'salvation' mean to these people, and how could 'salvation' be interpreted? The third part of this essay combines the insights of the previous chapters by displaying the framing conditions that could induce the future small business person to start a franchise as first-time self-employment or the existing entrepreneur to give up an existing independent business in order to run a franchise. Whether franchising finally meets 'salvation', what kind of advantages and disadvantages franc

Download or read book Business Ownership Versus Self Employment written by Audrey Light and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), we find that 68 percent of jobs classified as self-employment are not independently reported as self-owned businesses, while 16 percent of self-owned businesses are not independently classified as self-employment. Businesses not regarded as self-employment are often associated with such signs of entrepreneurship as self-identification as an entrepreneur, job descriptions that refer to business ownership or a managerial role, and high individual skill/asset levels. Self-employed jobs that are not independently classified as self-owned businesses are dominated by contract work and home-based, single-person pursuits. Our evidence suggests that self-employment should not be viewed as a synonym for business ownership.

Download or read book The Self Employed Life written by Jeffrey Shaw and published by Page Two. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Caught between entrepreneurship and small business, self-employed people often feel overlooked and left out. Host of the The Self-Employed Life podcast, Jeffrey Shaw believes that as we develop ourselves, we raise the bar - we're capable of even more success. This book is all about creating the environment, the Self-Employed Ecosystem, to attract the success you want. Shaw plots a path forward for the solopreneur who knows that small is better. He shows you how you can set up your environment to create the success you want.

Download or read book The Economics of Entrepreneurship written by Simon C. Parker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-11-12 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical and empirical investigation of how economics can contribute to our understanding of entrepreneurship.

Download or read book Essays on Immigration and Entrepreneurship written by Alejandro Gutiérrez Li and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation comprises three essays related to the economics of entrepreneurship. Self-employment is a fundamental part of the labor market experiences of workers and is key to economic growth. The first two chapters analyze the relationship between entrepreneurship and immigration. Immigrant entrepreneurship has been growing in the United States, particularly in the last four decades. In Chapter 1, I study the role that pre-migration work experience of immigrants plays in their occupational choices and earnings in the US. In the second chapter of this work, I analyze the relationship between business ownership in Mexico and migration to the US. Mexico is the top source country of immigrants to the US, and a significant fraction of its labor force works in the self-employment sector. Chapter 3 investigates the role that family control plays in different measures of firm performance, CEO turnover, termination payments, and investments in research and development. Many entrepreneurial endeavors arise in families, and family firms are prevalent in both the US and the rest of the world. Immigrant entrepreneurship in the United States has grown steadily in the last forty years. In Chapter 1, I study the occupational choices of legal permanent residents in the US and their associated earnings in paid and self-employment. Making use of a unique data set with pre- and post-migration individual-level information, I analyze the role of home country work experience of immigrants in their probability of becoming entrepreneurs in the US and their earnings after migration. To control for endogenous sector selection in the estimation of earnings distributions, I follow a novel identification strategy based on extremal quantile regressions that does not require exclusion restrictions or a large support variable. I find that foreign work experience in paid and self-employment is an important predictor of entrepreneurship after migration. However, it has a limited impact on earnings which are instead influenced by human capital, assimilation, and demographic characteristics. Overall, my results highlight the role played by immigrants' labor market performance in their home countries to better understand their outcomes in the US. Mexico is one of the countries with the highest self-employment rates in the OECD. While most of the literature has analyzed the occupational choices of returning migrants, I study the relationship between business ownership and migration from Mexico to the United States in Chapter 2. Using longitudinal data from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP), I find that business owners in Mexico are less likely to move North, either legally or illegally. The results are robust after controlling for other factors that have been found to affect migration decisions like age, household characteristics, human capital, and networks. Although running a business could allow individuals to accumulate the necessary resources to finance a costly trip to the US, it also raises the opportunity costs of leaving the country and could increase the attachment and non-pecuniary benefits of staying at home. The findings highlight the role played by the type of occupation held in the home country to better understand the phenomenon of Mexico-US immigration. The last chapter of my dissertation (a joint project), Chapter 3, analyzes a central element associated with entrepreneurial decisions: families. Many companies start at the household level with more than one family member involved. In some cases, firms grow very big and continue in the family for subsequent generations. Using a unique hand-collected data set with information on the last two decades of the universe of public corporations in the US, we examine the role played by family-related CEOs in firms' financial performance, turnover practices, and R&D investments. We provide new evidence showing that firms with CEOs with family relations to other board members, and who have been working for a firm for longer periods of time, are less likely to be forced out of office relative to outsider CEOs. In contrast, we do not find differences in voluntary turnover between outsider and insider CEOs. We document that companies tend to appoint managers who were already working for the firm in another position and do not have family relationships within the organization. We find that managers with longer tenures achieve higher financial performance in the short run, invest less in R&D, and get paid less in case of an involuntary termination than outsider CEOs. Our results are consistent with the notion that family-related CEOs may face different incentives within a company compared to unrelated managers, which could affect firms' outcomes and the interests of minority shareholders.

Download or read book Essays on Self employment written by Sadaf Sadaf and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: