Download or read book Essays on Belief Formation and Pro sociality written by Erik Mohlin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Belief Formation and Prosocial Behavior written by Egon Tripodi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three self-contained essays on belief formation and on the role of beliefs for prosocial behavior. The first chapter is co-authored with Peter Schwardmann and Joel van der Weele. Does the wish to convince others lead people to persuade themselves about the factual and moral superiority of their position? We investigate this question in field experiments at two international debating competitions that randomly assign persuasion goals (pro or contra a motion) to debaters. We find evidence for self-persuasion in incentivized measures of factual beliefs, attitudes, and confidence in one's position. Self-persuasion occurs before the debate and remains after the debate. Our results lend support to interactionist accounts of cognition and suggest that the desire to persuade is an important driver of opinion formation. The second chapter is co-authored with Lorenz Goette. We propose a novel experiment that prevents social learning, thus allowing us to disentangle the underlying mechanisms of social influence. Subjects observe their peer's incentives, but not their behavior. We find evidence of conformity: when individuals believe that incentives make others contribute more, they also increase their contributions. Conformity is driven by individuals who feel socially close to their peer. However, when incentives are not expected to raise their peer's contributions, participants reduce their own contributions. Our data is consistent with an erosion of norm-adherence when prosocial behavior of the social reference is driven by extrinsic motives, and cannot be explained by incentive inequality or altruistic crowding out. These findings show scope for social influence in settings with limited observability and offer insights into the mediators of conformity. The third chapter is co-authored with Christian J. Meyer. We study incentivized voluntary contributions to charitable activities. Motivated by the market for blood donations in Germany, we consider a setting where different incentives coexist and agents can choose to donate without receiving monetary compensation. We use a model that interacts image concerns of agents with intrinsic and extrinsic incentives to donate. Laboratory results show that a collection system where compensation can be turned down can improve the efficiency of collection. Image effects and incentive effects do not crowd each other out. A significant share of donors turn down compensation. Heterogeneity in treatment effects suggests gender-specific preferences over signaling.
Download or read book Essays on Belief Formation written by Qiaofeng Fan and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation comprises three chapters that study the role of bounded rationality and psychological mechanisms in the formation of subjective beliefs using experimental methods. The first chapter studies belief updating biases -- under- and overreaction to new information. Evidence from experiments, surveys, and the field has uncovered both underreaction and overreaction to new information. We provide new experimental evidence on the underlying mechanisms of under- and overreaction by comparing how people make inferences and revise forecasts in the same information environment. Participants underreact to signals when inferring about underlying states, but overreact to the same signals when revising forecasts about future outcomes -- a phenomenon we term "the inference-forecast gap." We show that this gap is largely driven by different simplifying heuristics used in the two tasks, and we provide evidence supporting both similarity and timing as plausible mechanisms. The second chapter explores the role of motivated reasoning in the bias of correlation neglect in belief formation. Experimental participants receive potentially redundant signals about either an ego-relevant state -- their IQ test performance -- or an ego-irrelevant state. A simple hypothesis based on motivated reasoning predicts asymmetric updating about signal redundancy and about the focal state only in the treatment with ego-relevance. We find qualified support for our hypothesis: participants generally underappreciate the extent to which identical signals are more likely to come from the same source (and thus contain redundant information), but the bias is significantly stronger for ego-favorable signals than for ego-unfavorable signals. This asymmetric effect disappears in the treatment where the focal state is ego-irrelevant. These results suggest that individuals may neglect the correlation between desirable signals to sustain motivated beliefs. However, the asymmetric updating effect on signal redundancy is not quantitatively large enough to generate significant asymmetric updating about the ego-relevant state (own IQ test performance). The third chapter studies the formation of misspecified mental models. Using a novel experimental approach that directly elicits individuals' mental models, we show that making choices can lead individuals to adopt models that exaggerate the importance of their choice variable for payoff-relevant outcomes. In other words, one key factor in the economic environment -- the endowed ability to choose the value of a variable -- can cause agents to form models that feature an outsized effect of that variable. We refer to the resulting belief distortions as choice-induced model distortions, which shed light on the formation of a large class of empirically observed misspecified models. We discuss the potential psychological mechanisms and economic consequences of choice-induced misspecified models.
Download or read book Essays on Case Based Belief Formation written by Jörg Bleile and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Belief Formation written by Johannes Wohlfahrt and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Religion Science and Society written by Herman Bavinck and published by Baker Books. This book was released on 2008-06-01 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herman Bavinck, the premier theologian of the Kuyper-inspired, neo-Calvinistic revival in the late-nineteenth-century Netherlands, is an important voice in the development of Protestant theology. Essays on Religion, Science, and Society is the capstone of his distinguished career. These seminal essays offer an outworking of Bavinck's systematic theology as presented in his Reformed Dogmatics and engage enduring issues from a biblical and theological perspective. The work presents his mature reflections on issues relating to ethics, education, politics, psychology, natural science and evolution, aesthetics, and philosophy of religion. This collection--Bavinck's most significant remaining untranslated work--is now available in English for the first time. Pastors, students, and scholars of Reformed theology will value this work.
Download or read book An essay on the improvement of society The philosophy of a future state The philosophy of religion The mental illumination and moral improvement of mankind An essay on the sin and evils of covetousness written by Thomas Dick and published by . This book was released on 1859 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Injustice written by V. Bufacchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-08 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of social injustice is pivotal to much contemporary moral and political philosophy. Starting from a comprehensive and engaging account of the idea of social injustice, this book covers a whole range of issues, including distributive justice, exploitation, torture, moral motivations, democratic theory, voting behaviour and market socialism.
Download or read book The Ethics of Belief By William K Clifford A Paper Read Before the Metaphysical Society written by and published by . This book was released on 1876 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prize Essay on the Effect of the Reformation on civil society in Europe To which is appended a chapter on the effect of the Reformation in America by G Bourne Third edition written by William MACKRAY and published by . This book was released on 1846 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Educating for Shalom written by Nicholas Wolterstorff and published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-02 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to his notable work as a premier Christian philosopher, Nicholas Wolterstorff has become a leading voice on faith-based higher education. This volume gathers the best of Wolterstorff's essays from the past twenty-five years dealing collectively with the purpose of Christian higher education and the nature of academic learning. Integrated throughout by the biblical idea of shalom, these nineteen essays present a robust framework for thinking about education that combines a Reformed confessional perspective with a radical social conscience and an increasingly progressivist pedagogy. Wolterstorff develops his ideas in relation to an astonishing variety of thinkers ranging from Calvin, Kuyper, and Jellema to Augustine, Aquinas, and Kant to Weber, Habermas, and MacIntyre. In the process, he critiques various models of education, classic foundationalism, modernization theory, liberal arts, and academic freedom.
Download or read book A Psychological Approach to Entrepreneurship written by Dean A. Shepherd and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: øWithin an entrepreneurial context, what a person thinks and feels and how they behave are hugely consequential. Entrepreneurs often work in scenarios of considerable time pressure, task complexity, uncertainty and high performance variance. This fasci
Download or read book Essays on Hayek written by Fritz Machlup and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-16 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Varying according to the scope of Hayek's contributions, the papers in this volume include among others: * An affirmation of the "relevance" of Hayek's work * A survey of his contribution to knowledge * An appraisal of Hayek's innovative work on the methodology of the social sciences * A discussion of Hayek's achievements as scholar and mentor The contributors are: Fritz Machlup, Geroge Roche, Arthur Shenfield, Max Hartwell, William Buckley, Gottfried Dietze, Shirley Letwin.
Download or read book Knowledge in a Social World written by Alvin I. Goldman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999-01-14 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge in a Social World offers a philosophy for the information age. Alvin Goldman explores new frontiers by creating a thoroughgoing social epistemology, moving beyond the traditional focus on solitary knowers. Social, cultural, and technological changes present new challenges to our ways of knowing and understanding, and philosophy must face these challenges. Against the tides of postmodernism and social constructionism Goldman defends the integrity of truth and shows how to promote it by well-designed forms of social interaction. He urges that social discourse promises more than the mere politics of consensus, and that suitably norm-governed debate and belief-revision can increase veridical knowledge. Goldman's aims are not just philosophical but practical. From science to education, from law to democracy, he shows why and how public institutions should seek knowledge-enhancing practices. He examines how cyberspace and other technologies expand the scope of communication, and warns of the need to safeguard content quality. He scrutinizes the free marketplace of ideas, the adversary system in the law, and media coverage of political campaigns. The result is a bold, timely, and systematic treatment of the philosophical foundations of an information society.
Download or read book Essays on ethics religion and society written by John Stuart Mill and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lectures on Revivals of Religion with an introductory essay by L Woods Also an appendix consisting of letters from Dr Alexander Wayland Dana etc written by William Buell SPRAGUE and published by . This book was released on 1833 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Why I Write written by George Orwell and published by Renard Press Ltd. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: George Orwell set out ‘to make political writing into an art’, and to a wide extent this aim shaped the future of English literature – his descriptions of authoritarian regimes helped to form a new vocabulary that is fundamental to understanding totalitarianism. While 1984 and Animal Farm are amongst the most popular classic novels in the English language, this new series of Orwell’s essays seeks to bring a wider selection of his writing on politics and literature to a new readership. In Why I Write, the first in the Orwell’s Essays series, Orwell describes his journey to becoming a writer, and his movement from writing poems to short stories to the essays, fiction and non-fiction we remember him for. He also discusses what he sees as the ‘four great motives for writing’ – ‘sheer egoism’, ‘aesthetic enthusiasm’, ‘historical impulse’ and ‘political purpose’ – and considers the importance of keeping these in balance. Why I Write is a unique opportunity to look into Orwell’s mind, and it grants the reader an entirely different vantage point from which to consider the rest of the great writer’s oeuvre. 'A writer who can – and must – be rediscovered with every age.' — Irish Times
