Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Immigration and Language in Canada written by Ibrahim Bousmah and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three essays on the economics of immigration and language in Canada. The first essay, entitled "Linguistic Distance, Languages of Work and Wages of Immigrants in Montreal", explores whether the distance between an immigrant's mother tongue and a Canadian official language (English or French), evaluated with the use of the Levenshtein distance measure, has an impact on his/her economic integration into the labour market. Using microdata from the master files of the 2001 and 2006 Canadian censuses and from the 2011 National Household Survey, I investigate the relationship between linguistic distance and the intensity of use of English and French at work in the Montreal metropolitan area. That region is characterized by the presence of sizeable French and English-speaking communities, as well as by a large number of immigrants from a wide variety of linguistic backgrounds. Those elements of linguistic diversity interact in the context of English being the international lingua franca. I find that linguistic distances between immigrants' mother tongues and English and French have an important impact on the relative intensities of use of the two Canadian official languages at work. I further investigate the role of the languages used at work on the earnings of immigrants by estimating earnings functions. I find that the use of both French and English are remunerated in the labour market, but that using English at work has a larger impact on earnings. The second essay, entitled "Labour Shortages and Immigration: The Case of the Agriculture Sector", examines the role played by immigration in filling labour shortages in rural areas. Reliable access to labour is an ongoing key concern for many employers, in particular for those in regions. As an attempt to help mitigate the effects of labour shortage on the labour market, immigration has always been deployed as a key strategy, but most immigrants are concentrated in large cities. Immigration programs that try to modify the regional distribution of immigrants by attracting and retaining immigrants to rural areas all have in common that they try to fill labour shortages in those regions. A sector that represents an interesting case in point, in the dual context of attracting and retaining immigrants in rural areas and in filling a labour shortage, is the agriculture sector. I use a novel longitudinal micro-database for the years 2001-2013 from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamic Database (CEEDD) to identify the factors that have an impact on the recruitment and retention of Canadian and immigrant workers in this sector. In particular, in response to the efforts to explore permanent residence pathways, whether or not former temporary foreign workers (TFW) with Canadian experience are most likely to stay in the sector after entering remains a key question for policy makers that I investigate. The third essay, "Immigrant Assimilation in a Multicultural and Multilingual Context", expands on the work of the first essay by looking at languages used at home. I investigate whether linguistic distance between an immigrant's mother tongue and a Canadian official language (English or French) has an impact on his/her assimilation to the host country's official languages. Using microdata drawn from the master files of the 2001, 2006 and 2016 Canadian censuses and the 2011 National Household Survey, I investigate the relationship between linguistic distance and the intensity of use of English and French at home for immigrants in the Montreal metropolitan area. I find that linguistic distances between immigrants' mother tongues and English and French have an important impact on the relative intensities of use of the two Canadian official languages at home. I further investigate the role of spousal characteristics and other variables on the assimilation of immigrants. The results suggest that the home environment is an important factor contributing to the linguistic assimilation of immigrants. Individuals exposed to an official language at home with their spouse have significantly higher rates of assimilation.
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Immigration and Education written by Karmen Suen and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first chapter of this thesis, the 1995 TIMSS eighth-grade mathematics score is used to proxy for home country education quality for U.S. immigrants. On average, a one standard deviation increase in TIMSS magnifies the marginal returns to post-migrational education by 0.83 percentage points. This pre-migrational education quality effect remains positive and significant for individuals at the 25th percentile of the conditional wage distribution. In addition, diminishing returns to post-migrational years of schooling is observed at all wage quantiles, but evidence is mixed in regards to pre-migrational years of education. Using the 2000 Census, the second paper finds that, compared to another immigrant holding a job that requires less human-interaction, an immigrant worker who possesses knowledge in speaking a non-English language and who works in a human-interaction-intensive occupation would enjoy an average wage benefit of 4.47%. For an immigrant, other immigrants from a different home country are perceived as complements, while those from the same country of origin would be substitutes. Moreover, a one standard deviation increase in bilateral trade volume between the United States and the immigrant's country of origin is predicted to enhance the immigrant's returns to working in the Wholesale Trade industry by 3.36% on average, a pattern that is very different for immigrants whose country of origin uses English as an official language. A positive relationship between parental involvement in reading-related activities before the student began schooling and the student's 2001 PIRLS test score is found in the third chapter. On average, having a parent who played alphabet toys, played word games, and read signs and labels out loud during the student's preschool years is predicted to carry an effect size of 0.2, holding other attributes constant. However, the effect of watching reading programs on television on this test score seems negative. Under a quantile regression framework, the effect of these parental inputs continues to be observed for students belonging to the 25th quantile of the conditional score distribution. Lastly, these academic variables are predicted to not affect an immigrant student's PIRLS score, although small sample size may be an issue.
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration and Birthplace Diversity written by Johann-Daniel Harnoss and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis deals with the economic analysis of population diversity, specifically diversity in terms of people's countries of origin. We propose an index of birth-place diversity for the work force of 195 countries in the years 1990 and 2000. We show that birthplace diversity is a new dimension of population diversity that is conceptually and empirically distinct from ethno-linguistic and genetic measures of diversity and, unlike these, is positively correlated with long-run economic output. This effect is larger for skilled immigrants in richer countries and robust in a SLS setting. We also find the productive effect of diversity to be larger for immigrants who are culturally close (but not too close) to natives and those who come from richer origin countries. We also investigate the link between birthplace diversity and attitudes to immigration. Using the World Values Survey with data for 72 countries, we find that skilled natives increase their support for immigration when diversity of skilled immigrants is high. results are robust to using the European Social Survey and also persist in a SLS model. We also find evidence for negative preference effects of immigrant diversity for more ethnocentric individuals. Lastly, we analyze the link between birthplace diversity and attitudes to redistribution in Europe. Using data for 29 European countries, we find that native workers tend to lower their support for redistribution of income when immigration is high. In addition, this effect varies along the skill distribution of natives, converges towards zero for highly educated individuals and is robust to using more detailed measures of labor market skill.
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Immigration written by Tuan Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Immigration to the U S written by Maria Eduarda Abdalla Tannuri and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Immigration Economics written by Nico Ochmann and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Immigration and Economic Policy written by Mesbah F. Sharaf and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Political Economy of Immigration and of Language written by Gerardo Gomez-Ruano and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Immigration Economics and Political Economy written by Jörg Christoph Sajons and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Language and Language Policy written by Alex M. Armstrong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis concerns the economic dimensions of second language knowledge and acquisition and the economic implications of language policies. The value of the ability to speak and understand a second language depends on the extent to which it enlarges one's communicative sphere which, in turn, depends on the language abilities of others. This implies that second language acquisition decisions are associated with strategic considerations and spillover effects. Consequently, the equilibrium distribution of language skills may not be socially efficient and policy remedies may be called for. The first essay of the thesis investigates the relationship between earnings, second language knowledge and the distribution of language skills in local labour markets in Canada using census data. We estimate the elasticity of local language complementarity in earnings: a parameter that measures the importance of the linguistic environment in the earnings of the individual as well as the importance of language in the economy generally. The second essay addresses the efficiency of second language acquisition decisions in a theoretical model where bilingualism is rewarded with a higher wage for two reasons. First, language skills constitute a form of human capital in the sense that a worker's productivity is positively related to the proportion of the population with whom she shares a language. Second, language skills serve as a signal of productivity to employers. In general, the private and social benefits of bilingualism do not align due to counteracting network and signalling welfare effects. The third essay concerns the role of language policy in improving social outcomes. A tax-subsidy system is considered under various assumptions about the ability of the government or planner to discriminate between individuals and groups. A Pareto improvement is possible if the government can condition the tax-subsidy system on language acquisition costs but not otherwise. The fourth essay considers the optimal provision of public services when individuals' effective consumption of the services depends on their proficiency in the language they are provided in. The planner faces a trade-off between compensating minority language speakers for their lower wages and encouraging their integration by rewarding higher levels of dominant language proficiency.
Download or read book Economics of Immigration written by Alan G. Green and published by [Cambridge, Ont.] : Collier-Macmillan Canada. This book was released on 1973 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Language written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-03-08 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two internationally renowned experts in the field, this book explores the determinants of dominant language proficiency among immigrants and other linguistic minorities and the consequences of this proficiency for the labour market. Using empirical material from a range of countries, including the USA, Canada, Australia and Bolivia, the authors develop a range of models of the determinants of dominant language proficiency and use econometric techniques to test them and estimate the magnitude of the effects. This volume is an excellent resource for researchers and a fine reader for specialists in labour economics, linguistics as well as a number of other disciplines.
Download or read book The Economics of Language written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-03-08 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two internationally renowned experts in the field, this book explores the determinants of dominant language proficiency among immigrants and other linguistic minorities and the consequences of this proficiency for the labour market.Using empirical material from a range of countries, including the USA, Canada, Australia and Bolivia, the a
Download or read book The Economics of Illegal Immigration written by C. Yoshida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-15 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an extensive review of the current state of illegal immigration in Europe and North America whilst providing theoretical analysis. This analysis models illegal immigration in a two-country framework, highlights the inter-related labour markets and considers a range of immigration policy instruments, including border patrols and employer surveillance and sanctions. Distinguishing between scenarios with and without the international mobility of capital, this book also examines various profit sharing arrangements. Other issues explored include: - The effectiveness of tighter border patrols and internal surveillance upon the level of illegal immigration - The effects upon national and international welfare - And optimal immigration policy choices
Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of International Migration written by Barry Chiswick and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic literature on international migration interests policymakers as well as academics throughout the social sciences. These volumes, the first of a new subseries in the Handbooks in Economics, describe and analyze scholarship created since the inception of serious attention began in the late 1970s. This literature appears in the general economics journals, in various field journals in economics (especially, but not exclusively, those covering labor market and human resource issues), in interdisciplinary immigration journals, and in papers by economists published in journals associated with history, sociology, political science, demography, and linguistics, among others. Covers a range of topics from labor market outcomes and fiscal consequences to the effects of international migration on the level and distribution of income – and everything in between. Encompasses a wide range of topics related to migration and is multidisciplinary in some aspects, which is crucial on the topic of migration Appeals to a large community of scholars interested in this topic and for whom no overviews or summaries exist
Download or read book Immigrant Canada written by Leo Driedger and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions in this volume reflect a wide variety of research orientations and describe the diversity and complexity of doing research focusing on immigrants who have come to Canada.
Download or read book Open Borders written by Bryan Caplan and published by First Second. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Economist “Our Books of the Year” Selection Economist Bryan Caplan makes a bold case for unrestricted immigration in this fact-filled graphic nonfiction. American policy-makers have long been locked in a heated battle over whether, how many, and what kind of immigrants to allow to live and work in the country. Those in favor of welcoming more immigrants often cite humanitarian reasons, while those in favor of more restrictive laws argue the need to protect native citizens. But economist Bryan Caplan adds a new, compelling perspective to the immigration debate: He argues that opening all borders could eliminate absolute poverty worldwide and usher in a booming worldwide economy—greatly benefiting humanity. With a clear and conversational tone, exhaustive research, and vibrant illustrations by Zach Weinersmith, Open Borders makes the case for unrestricted immigration easy to follow and hard to deny.
