Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Drinking Water written by Katrina Kohajda Jessoe and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economics of Water Resources written by Agha Ali Akram and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Donors Decisions and Dirty Drinking Water Three Essays on Development Economics written by Alex Clair Null and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Water Pollution Control written by Jiameng Zheng and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water pollution poses important challenges worldwide. In developed countries, most of the challenges from water pollution have to do with recreational and amenity use of water, as well as the negative impact on ecosystems. For instance, in the United States, dead zones caused by nutrient pollution occur annually in many major coastal waters, including Tampa Bay, the Gulf of Mexico, Chesapeake Bay, and coastal North Carolina, causing large welfare effects in these regions. In developed countries like the United States, the aging drinking water infrastructure, such as the presence of lead pipes, is also a threat to human health. In developing countries, water pollution has a pronounced impact on human health given that safe drinking water is limited in many areas. Economic analysis plays a critical role in the making of environmental policy. In designing and assessing a water pollution control policy, it is important to understand the costs and benefits of such policies and be able to empirically evaluate their effectiveness. However, there are still important challenges in understanding the costs and benefits of water pollution control policies. Water quality improvement is a non-market good, so no direct price signal is available for valuing it. To overcome this problem, economists have developed several non-market valuation techniques, such as hedonic property models and recreation demand models. Each valuation method only captures a piece of the price consumers are willing to pay to improve water quality. This dissertation comprises three papers that answer some critical questions on the economic analysis of water pollution policies. In the first paper, I estimate the marginal willingness-to-pay of homeowners for water quality improvement in Florida,using a two-stage model that combines the recreational value and amenity value of both local and regional water quality improvement. This paper, which focuses on nutrient pollution problems related to the dead zones discussed earlier, generates a more comprehensive estimate of the benefits of water pollution reduction than that used in prior work. In the second paper, I estimate an important cost of water pollution by investigating the short-run and long-run educational impacts of lead pollution in drinking water. Using data from Texas, I find that drinking water lead exposure at birth has a significant negative impact on both 3rd-grade standardized test scores and the high school graduation rate. While many prior papers in environmental economics quantify short-run and long-run human capital costs of air pollution, this paper is one of only a few to do so for an important water pollution problem. Switching to the third paper, I examine the existing literature on the policy instruments that can be used to reduce water pollution. With a focus on developing countries, I describe the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of various water pollution control policies, identify the challenges for implementing and assessing such policies, and provide recommendations for future research

Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by Jérôme Sansonetti and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As of 2020, 2 billion people lacked access to safely managed water services, 122 million of whom relied on surface sources (e.g., rivers, lakes) for drinking water. The consequences on global health are dire, as two million preventable deaths occur worldwide every year due to inadequate Water, Sanitation and Health (WASH) conditions. Disproportionate risks are found in Sub-Saharan Africa, which concentrates 53% of worldwide WASH-related deaths, compared with only 15% of the world's population.This dissertation addresses two main questions related to low access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), using Tanzania as a case study and drawing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). First, it aims to understand why individuals may not automatically shift their behavior to adopt WASH infrastructure when it becomes available. Second, it aims to understand why WASH infrastructure (e.g. wells, handpumps) in Sub-Saharan Africa experiences high levels of disrepair. The first question is addressed through chapters 1 and 2. Chapter 1 trials two sets of contents interventions to improve individuals' ability to detect falsehoods about COVID-19, a disease linked with WASH through the need for handwashing. Chapter 2 evaluates the impact of three campaign strategies on stimulating uptake in WASH behavior. The second question is addressed through chapter 3, which trials a governance intervention in Tanzania aiming to strengthen coproduction between the two parties jointly responsible for maintaining the country's communal water points: district governments, and village water community organizations.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Water written by Nicholas William Hagerty and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis studies three questions in the economics of water resource management. Chapter 1 estimates the economic gains available from greater use of large-scale water markets in California. I develop a revealed-preference empirical approach that exploits observed choices in the existing water market, and I apply it to comprehensive new data on California’s water economy. This approach overcomes the challenge posed by transaction costs, which insert an unobservable wedge between observed prices and marginal valuations. First, I directly estimate transaction costs and use them to recover equilibrium marginal valuations. Then, I use supply shocks to estimate price elasticities of demand, which govern how marginal valuations vary with quantity. I find even a relatively modest market scenario would create additional benefits of $480 million per year, which can be weighed against both the benefits of existing market restrictions and the setup costs of larger-scale markets. Chapter 2 estimates the possible costs of industrial water pollution to agriculture in India, focusing on 63 industrial sites identified by the central government as “severely polluted.” I exploit the spatial discontinuity in pollution concentrations that these sites generate along a river. First, I show that these sites do in fact coincide with a large, discontinuous rise in pollutant concentrations in the nearest river. Then, I find some evidence that agricultural revenues may be substantially lower in districts immediately downstream of polluting sites, relative to districts immediately upstream of the same site in the same year. These results suggest that damages to agriculture could represent a major cost of water pollution. Chapter 3, co-authored with Ariel Zucker, presents an experimental protocol for a project that pays smallholder farmers in India to reduce their consumption of groundwater. This project will test the effectiveness of payments for voluntary conservation – a policy instrument that may be able to sidestep regulatory constraints common in developing countries. It will also measure the price response of demand for groundwater in irrigated agriculture, a key input to many possible reforms. Evidence from a pilot suggests that the program may have reduced groundwater pumping by a large amount, though confidence intervals are wide.

Download or read book Drinking Water A Socio economic Analysis of Historical and Societal Variation written by Mark Harvey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fascinating and challenging work, the author analyses the way water for drinking is produced, distributed, owned, acquired, and consumed in contrasting ways in different settings. From the taken-for-granted, all-purpose water, flowing out of taps in advanced economies to extreme inequalities of access to water of variable qualities, drinking water tells its own interesting story, but also reflects some of the centrally important characteristics of the state and economies of the different countries. From sparkling mineral water in Germany, to drinking water garages in Taiwan, from water tankers in Mexico City to street vendors in Delhi markets, comparisons are made to stretch our understanding of what we mean by ‘an economy’, quality, and property rights, of water. In addition, the study of socio-economics of drinking water provides a route into understanding interactions between polity, economy and nature. One of the major themes of the book is to analyse the ‘sociogenic’ nature of sustainability crises of economies of water in their environmental settings: epidemics, droughts, pollution, land subsidences and floods. Overall it develops an economic sociology, neo-Polanyian approach in a comparative and historical exploration of water for domestic consumption.

Download or read book The Economics of Water Quality written by Naomi Zeitouni and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together a number of prominent economic studies all of which deal with key water quality issues. The studies focus on the economic aspects of water quality including identifying the polluters' actions and incentives, designing and comparing control mechanisms, analyzing the costs and benefits of water quality programmes, and finally managing transboundary water quality. They all make recommendations for improving water quality through changing incentives, programmes and/or policies.

Download or read book Economic Analyses of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries written by Therése Hindman Persson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Impact of Clean Water on Human Capital and Productivity written by Chon Kit Ao and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation investigates the effect of access to clean water on human capital. The first chapter examines the effect of municipal provisions of clean water---installation of water filtration plants---on school enrollment and child labor in American cities from 1880 to 1920. Numerous studies show that access to clean water reduces child mortality and morbidity, but little work has been done on the consequences for schooling and child labor. The effects are theoretically ambiguous because improved child health can raise schooling (e.g., better health makes education investments more productive) or lower it (e.g., the opportunity cost of attending school increases because there is a wage premium for healthier workers). Applying a difference-in-differences strategy which exploits variation of water filtration adoption across time and across cities, I find that municipal water filtration has a positive and statistically significant effect on school enrollment. Also, I find a negative effect on child labor, but it is not significant at conventional levels. These effects are most pronounced at ages 14 and 15, which map into the last years of elementary school and are beyond compulsory schooling age in some states. Additionally, I find that effects are larger for children who are exposed at an earlier age, can legally drop out of school, are from lower socioeconomic status families, or are female. The second chapter uses a water services privatization program in Argentina during 1991 to 1999 to investigate the effect of early childhood exposure to clean water on educational attainment. By using a difference-in-differences strategy which exploits variation across regions and across cohorts, my results show that early childhood exposure to privatization has a zero effect on primary and compulsory school completion, and a small negative effect on secondary school completion. Furthermore, I find that the effect of this privatization program is heterogeneous across individuals who lived in nonpoor and poor municipalities. I find that, for primary and compulsory school completion, early childhood exposure to privatization has a zero effect in nonpoor municipalities and a negative effect in poor municipalities. A supplemental analysis adding information on years of primary school completed among individuals who did not complete primary schooling indicates that privatization induces individuals in poor municipalities to drop out of school at 5th, 6th, and 7th grade, which correspond to the final years of primary school.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Water Quality in the United States written by David Andrew Keiser and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fairness Technology Adoption Water Sanitation and Pandemic Control written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Water and Climate Economics written by Nicholas Anthony Potter and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation includes three chapters on the economics of climate, water resources, agricultural production, and conflict. Chapter one is an introduction. In chapter two I provide an analysis of the impact of exposure to temperature on returns to irrigated and nonirrigated cropland. Chapter three is a theoretical approach to understand the economic implications of the forfeiture of water rights for nonuse. Chapter four looks at the relationship between drought, conflict, and governance using a disaggregated spatial analysis.Chapter two is on temperature effects on snowpack-dependent surfacewater irrigated production systems in the western US. Irrigated production in that region is characterized by a diverse mix of high value crops, so producers may have more of an ability to adapt to hotter temperatures. I focus on county rental prices for irrigated and nonirrigated cropland and find that economic returns to cropland begin to decrease starting at about 25℗ʻC for irrigated acres and 20℗ʻC for nonirrigated acres.Chapter three covers the economic history that led to the creation of forfeiture policies for the nonuse of surface water rights in the western US. I develop a theory of water rights under prior appropriations with forfeiture and use it to examine why forfeiture policies were adopted in all western states that allocate water via prior appropriation. Forfeiture reduced risk to junior water rights holders and limited speculative water claims, but did so at the cost of increased transaction costs when trading water rights. While these were small when remaining water resources were available to be claimed, they are significantly more costly when all water in a basin has been allocated.In chapter four I combine a spatiotemporal grid of drought and geolocated conflict with several measures of governance characteristics to examine how governance mediates the relationship between drought and conflict. I find little evidence of a relationship between drought and conflict in Africa and Latin and South America. In countries that are more democratic or in which doing business is easier, an increase in drought reduces the likelihood of riot incidence. Other governance measures have no discernible effect.

Download or read book The Value of Water written by Donna Vincent Roa Phd and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-10 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, with its high-profile risk, poses a threat to business continuity, reputation, product margins, growth, while at the same time creating value and opportunities. Businesses compete for access to water and must continually adapt to its availability, quality, and access. CEOs, C-suite executives, and other leaders are at the helm of this changing business dynamic and have the narratives that can change our understanding of the value of water from a business perspective. Originator of the book project, Donna Vincent Roa, in partnership with The Value of Water Coalition, prepared ?The Value of Water: A Compendium of Essays by Smart CEOs? to capture essays from leaders on water, its value to business, and its relationship to brand, reputation, business continuity, economic success, public health, and more. This book documents CEOs and the top leader in water utilities' insights on the value of water, probes complex issues, informs the conversation about water?s future for business and the perceived value of water, explores how the value of water leadership has resulted in improved business performance, shows that ?business as usual? exploitation of our water resources needs to change, and shares best practices, lessons learned, and calls to action.We hope that these insights inform your perspectives about water, convince you that we all need to be stewards of this precious resource, and ultimately, change your water consciousness and awareness about the value of water.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Agricultural and Residential Water Management written by Oliver R. Browne and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ensuring the efficient allocation of water resources among end users has become crucial in light of increasing climate variability and the high capital and environmental costs of developing new supply. However, within the two largest sectors of water consumption -- agricultural users and residential users -- the different nature of water use and governing institutions gives rise to different challenges in allocating water across competing demands. This dissertation comprises two essays, both case studies evaluating policies to improve water management in each sector respectively. Informed by different settings, I use novel data and methods to estimate impacts of the distinct reforms. The two chapters provide lessons about how policymakers in either sector can improve water management in the future.

Download or read book Essays in Applied Economics written by Richard DiSalvo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation contains empirical studies in education, health, and environmental economics. In the first chapter, "National Evidence on the Test Score Performance Effects of Structural Switching," I study the effect of school district grade configuration choice on student performance. School terminal grades lead to so-called "structural" school switching, where students are required to make school moves at the end of certain grades. I bring to this question new national test score performance data, combined with national data on grade configurations. My most robust finding is of a "top-dog/bottom-dog effect," where students in grades just prior to structural switching overperform on standardized tests, while students in grades just after structural switching underperform. In the second chapter, "The Effects of Drinking Water Contamination on Birth Outcomes: New Evidence from Drinking Water Samples," I study the relationship between drinking water contamination and infant health in Pennsylvania, using a within-mother design. This chapter is co-authored with Elaine Hill, assistant professor at the University of Rochester School of Medicine. We find negative health effects of drinking water contamination when we aggregate contaminants overall; however, our estimates of the effects of contaminants taken separately are mixed. Based on our findings, we propose a promising policy direction to improve public health. The third chapter, "The Effects of Property Allocations, Generations Later: Railroad Grants, Mineral Rights Severance, and Drilling Externalities in Colorado," contributes an empirical analysis to environmental economics. This chapter is co-authored with Andrew Boslett, senior instructor, and Elaine Hill, assistant professor, both at the University of Rochester School of Medicine. We examines how the initial allocation of land to a large railroad company affects property ownership patterns today, and who bears net losses from the environmental externalities of drilling. We find evidence that mineral rights severance, but not surface rights severance, remains higher today on land initially allocated to the railroad. Moreover, by studying longtime split estates due to railroad-related severance, we isolate the pure environmental externality effect of recent unconventional drilling on property values. Throughout, these essays employ the tools and perspective of applied economics to study important, policy-relevant questions"--Page xii.

Download or read book Environmental and Public Economics written by Wallace E. Oates and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection of essays honoring the work of Wallace E. Oates, contributors apply his ideas and insights to a range of problems. Chapters on environmental economics assess environmental policy in today's conservative era and analyze environmental taxes, environmental federalism, and policy instruments. Chapters on public economics investigate vouchers for private schools, capitalization, and urban growth controls. Other subjects examined include intergovernmental grants in South Africa, and public pensions in the EU. The editors are affiliated with the University of Maryland-College Park, and Resources for the Future in Washington, DC. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR