Download or read book Essays in Program Evaluation and the Economics of Immigration written by Gabriel Maurice Gaudefroy Demombynes and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration Immigrant and Education Public Policies written by Albert Yung-Hsu Liu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines three topics at the intersection of the economics of immigration and the economics of education. First, I study the development of human capital among immigrants by evaluating Arizona Proposition 203 (2000) and Massachusetts Question 2 (2002), which require public school districts to provide one year of Structured English Immersion to English language learner students. Using a difference-in-differences framework, I show that for recent-arrival first-generation immigrants, the two initiatives are less effective at developing English language proficiency than previous programs, such as Transitional Bilingual Education and English as a Second Language. However, I also show new heterogeneity in relative program effectiveness in that second-generation immigrants actually benefit from Structured English Immersion. In the second chapter, I use unique data from the Current Population Survey on education by country of origin to show that the return to foreign education among immigrants is 3.3 percent. This estimate is half the size of estimates from previous studies for two reasons. First, calculating foreign education as the difference between total education and domestic education rather than as a function of total education ad age at arrival eliminates the upward bias from misattributing domestic education as foreign education. Second, excluding domestic education as an endogenous control variable removes the upward bias in the return to foreign education caused by the negative correlation between domestic education and foreign education. The results show that foreign education is even less portable to the United States labor market than previously thought. In the third chapter, I test whether country-level educational expenditures, pupil-teacher ratios, and student achievement should be interpreted as measures of foreign school quality. I use the United States Census and the American Community Survey to show that the three measures are associated with the return to foreign education in expected directions. However, only educational expenditures are robust to accounting for group-level correlations between the wage residuals. I also show that the three measures affect immigrants who never attended school in their countries of birth as a falsification test, which suggests that they reflect country-level unobservables rather than foreign school quality.

Download or read book Essays on Health Economics and Immigration written by Paulette Cha and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigrants are more likely to be low income than their US-born peers, but they face more barriers to enrolling in government safety net programs. Children of immigrants, the majority of whom are US citizens, are less likely to enroll in some programs designed to protect their health and welfare. This dissertation explores issues of immigrant families’ engagement with public health insurance and nutritional assistance programs in three chapters. The first chapter describes levels and time trends of immigrant families’ participation in key safety net programs. The study covers the years 1996 to 2013 using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and the New Immigrant Survey (NIS). For children, the study presents data and regression-adjusted estimates of the associations between being from an immigrant family, and having likely undocumented family members, and participation in each of five safety net programs: the Food Stamps Program; National School Lunch Program; School Breakfast Program; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); and public health insurance. The second chapter evaluates the effects of six state policies that implemented early Affordable Care Act (ACA) adult Medicaid expansions. The analysis focuses on citizen adults of immigrant and native families. It uses the American Community Survey (ACS) from 2008 to 2013 and a difference-in-differences method with synthetic control states to estimate the effects of the expansions on insurance coverage outcomes for citizen adults of immigrant and native family backgrounds. The policies produced a range of responses, from a 2 percentage point public insurance coverage increase in California to an 8 percentage point increase in Connecticut. There was some evidence of private insurance crowd-out in Connecticut, the District of Columbia, and Minnesota, but there were also net reductions in uninsurance for most states. Responses to the new policies were slightly lower among young adults than for the full adult population. In general, insurance coverage changes did not measurably differ among individuals from immigrant families as compared with those from native families. The third chapter analyzes public health insurance expansions for children. Medicaid expansions have the potential to greatly increase coverage for children in immigrant families, who have low levels of private insurance and high uninsurance rates. However, take-up may be lower in immigrant families than native families due to poor information and “chilling” anti-immigrant sentiment. I estimate take-up from 1996 to 2013 using instrumental variables regression and data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). This study finds that new eligibility for public insurance produces a 9-to-13 percentage point increase in public coverage among children of immigrants, which is indistinguishable from the 11-to-12 percentage point increase among children of natives. These findings reject a strong chilling effect, although the question will be important to revisit in the changing policy environment.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration and Crime written by Elisa Jacome and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters in public and labor economics. A theme throughout these chapters is using empirical analysis to study the outcomes of low-income and immigrant individuals in the United States as well as the effects of public policies on these communities. Chapter 1 explores whether access to mental healthcare can reduce criminal activity. Specifically, I study the effect of losing insurance coverage on low-income men's likelihood of incarceration using administrative data from South Carolina. Leveraging a discrete break in Medicaid coverage at age 19, I find that men who lose access to Medicaid eligibility are 15% more likely to be incarcerated in the subsequent two years relative to a matched comparison group. The effects are entirely driven by men with mental health histories, suggesting that losing access to mental healthcare plays an important role in explaining the observed rise in crime. Cost-benefit analyses show that expanding Medicaid eligibility to low-income young men is a cost-effective policy for reducing crime, especially relative to traditional approaches like increasing the severity of criminal sanctions. Chapter 2 documents that immigration policies affect an individual's willingness to report crime. I analyze the 2015 Priority Enforcement Program (PEP), which focused immigration enforcement on individuals convicted of serious crimes and shifted resources away from immigration-related offenses. I use data from the Dallas Police Department that include a complainant's ethnicity to show that Hispanic-reported incidents increased by 8% after the introduction of PEP. These results suggest that reducing enforcement of individuals who do not pose a threat to public safety can potentially improve trust between immigrant communities and the police. Finally, in Chapter 3, Ran Abramitzky, Leah Boustan, Santiago Perez, and I find that children of immigrants from nearly every sending country have higher rates of upward mobility than children of the US-born. Using millions of father-son pairs spanning more than 100 years of US history, we show that immigrants' advantage is similar historically and today despite dramatic shifts in sending countries and US immigration policy. Immigrants achieve this advantage in part by choosing to settle in locations that offer better prospects for their children.

Download or read book Issues in the Economics of Immigration written by George J. Borjas and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is now admitting nearly one million legal immigrants per year, while the flow of illegal aliens into the country continues to increase steadily. The debate over immigration policy has typically focused on three fundamental questions: How do immigrants perform economically relative to others? What effects do immigrants have on the employment opportunities of other workers? What kind of immigration policy is most beneficial to the host country? This authoritative volume represents a move beyond purely descriptive assessments of labor market consequences toward a more fully developed analysis of economic impacts across the social spectrum. Exploring the broader repercussions of immigration on education, welfare, Social Security, and crime, as well as the labor market, these papers assess dimensions not yet taken into account by traditional cost-benefit calculations. This collection offers new insights into the kinds of economic opportunities and outcomes that immigrant populations might expect for themselves and future generations.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration and Birthplace Diversity written by Johann-Daniel Harnoss and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis deals with the economic analysis of population diversity, specifically diversity in terms of people's countries of origin. We propose an index of birth-place diversity for the work force of 195 countries in the years 1990 and 2000. We show that birthplace diversity is a new dimension of population diversity that is conceptually and empirically distinct from ethno-linguistic and genetic measures of diversity and, unlike these, is positively correlated with long-run economic output. This effect is larger for skilled immigrants in richer countries and robust in a SLS setting. We also find the productive effect of diversity to be larger for immigrants who are culturally close (but not too close) to natives and those who come from richer origin countries. We also investigate the link between birthplace diversity and attitudes to immigration. Using the World Values Survey with data for 72 countries, we find that skilled natives increase their support for immigration when diversity of skilled immigrants is high. results are robust to using the European Social Survey and also persist in a SLS model. We also find evidence for negative preference effects of immigrant diversity for more ethnocentric individuals. Lastly, we analyze the link between birthplace diversity and attitudes to redistribution in Europe. Using data for 29 European countries, we find that native workers tend to lower their support for redistribution of income when immigration is high. In addition, this effect varies along the skill distribution of natives, converges towards zero for highly educated individuals and is robust to using more detailed measures of labor market skill.

Download or read book The Economics of Immigration written by Benjamin Powell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A study of the economics of immigration"--

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Immigration and Education written by Karmen Suen and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first chapter of this thesis, the 1995 TIMSS eighth-grade mathematics score is used to proxy for home country education quality for U.S. immigrants. On average, a one standard deviation increase in TIMSS magnifies the marginal returns to post-migrational education by 0.83 percentage points. This pre-migrational education quality effect remains positive and significant for individuals at the 25th percentile of the conditional wage distribution. In addition, diminishing returns to post-migrational years of schooling is observed at all wage quantiles, but evidence is mixed in regards to pre-migrational years of education. Using the 2000 Census, the second paper finds that, compared to another immigrant holding a job that requires less human-interaction, an immigrant worker who possesses knowledge in speaking a non-English language and who works in a human-interaction-intensive occupation would enjoy an average wage benefit of 4.47%. For an immigrant, other immigrants from a different home country are perceived as complements, while those from the same country of origin would be substitutes. Moreover, a one standard deviation increase in bilateral trade volume between the United States and the immigrant's country of origin is predicted to enhance the immigrant's returns to working in the Wholesale Trade industry by 3.36% on average, a pattern that is very different for immigrants whose country of origin uses English as an official language. A positive relationship between parental involvement in reading-related activities before the student began schooling and the student's 2001 PIRLS test score is found in the third chapter. On average, having a parent who played alphabet toys, played word games, and read signs and labels out loud during the student's preschool years is predicted to carry an effect size of 0.2, holding other attributes constant. However, the effect of watching reading programs on television on this test score seems negative. Under a quantile regression framework, the effect of these parental inputs continues to be observed for students belonging to the 25th quantile of the conditional score distribution. Lastly, these academic variables are predicted to not affect an immigrant student's PIRLS score, although small sample size may be an issue.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration in the United States written by Thomas Joseph Murray and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economics of Immigration written by Örn B. Bodvarsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inspiration for this book came from a collaborative research project on immigration, begun in 2001, when we were colleagues at University of Nebraska- Lincoln (Bodvarsson was a Visiting Professor there in 2001–05). Our project dealt with the application of Say’s Law to the supply of immigrant labor, meaning that when the supply of immigrant labor grows in an area, the new immigrants, being consumers, bolster labor demand and help to offset the lower wages they may bring about. Our test case was the seemingly obscure Dawson County, Nebraska, where the meatpacking industry experienced a relatively huge increase in Hispanic-born labor supply around 1990. We found for Dawson County this ‘‘demand effect’’ to be signi?cant and our results for this test case generalizable to other, more prominent, test cases. This inspired us to study the famous Mariel Boatlift, where Miami’s labor force grew suddenly by 7% due to the arrival of nearly 125,000 Cuban refugees in the spring of 1980. In that study, we showed that the Marielitos exerted a signi?cant demand effect, which we argue helps to account for the stylized fact that the Mariel in?ux had a relatively benign effect on the Miami labor market. We had the privilege of presenting both studies at various conferences in the USA, Norway, Taiwan and Israel, and these studies have been published in Labour Economics and the Research in Labor Economics series (both studies are discussed in detail in this book).

Download or read book The Economics of Immigration and Social Diversity written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-05 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of "The Research in Labor Economics" series, this volume is a collection of papers dedicated to the memory of the late Tikva Lecker. Professor Lecker's many interests included topics in labor economics, women and the economy, the economics of Judaism, the economics of migration and the economic experience of immigrants and their descendants.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Immigration to the U S written by Maria Eduarda Abdalla Tannuri and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economics of Immigration written by Cynthia Bansak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economics of Immigration provides students with the tools needed to examine the economic impact of immigration and immigration policies over the past century. Students will develop an understanding of why and how people migrate across borders and will learn how to analyze the economic causes and effects of immigration. The main objectives of the book are for students to understand the decision to migrate; to understand the impact of immigration on markets and government budgets; and to understand the consequences of immigration policies in a global context. From the first chapter, students will develop an appreciation of the importance of immigration as a separate academic field within labor economics and international economics. Topics covered include the effect of immigration on labor markets, housing markets, international trade, tax revenues, human capital accumulation, and government fiscal balances. The book also considers the impact of immigration on what firms choose to produce, and even on the ethnic diversity of restaurants and on financial markets, as well as the theory and evidence on immigrants’ economic assimilation. The textbook includes a comparative study of immigration policies in a number of immigrant-receiving and sending countries, beginning with the history of immigration policy in the United States. Finally, the book explores immigration topics that directly affect developing countries, such as remittances, brain drain, human trafficking, and rural-urban internal migration. Readers will also be fully equipped with the tools needed to understand and contribute to policy debates on this controversial topic. This is the first textbook to comprehensively cover the economics of immigration, and it is suitable both for economics students and for students studying migration in other disciplines, such as sociology and politics.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration written by Yizu R. Yeh and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.

Download or read book The Evaluation of Immigration Policies written by Ulf Rinne and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: