Download or read book Immigration Economics written by George J. Borjas and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of people—nearly 3 percent of the world’s population—no longer live in the country where they were born. Every day, migrants enter not only the United States but also developed countries without much of a history of immigration. Some of these nations have switched in a short span of time from being the source of immigrants to being a destination for them. International migration is today a central subject of research in modern labor economics, which seeks to put into perspective and explain this historic demographic transformation. Immigration Economics synthesizes the theories, models, and econometric methods used to identify the causes and consequences of international labor flows. Economist George Borjas lays out with clarity and rigor a full spectrum of topics, including migrant worker selection and assimilation, the impact of immigration on labor markets and worker wages, and the economic benefits and losses that result from immigration. Two important themes emerge: First, immigration has distributional consequences: some people gain, but some people lose. Second, immigrants are rational economic agents who attempt to do the best they can with the resources they have, and the same holds true for native workers of the countries that receive migrants. This straightforward behavioral proposition, Borjas argues, has crucial implications for how economists and policymakers should frame contemporary debates over immigration.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration in the United States written by Thomas Joseph Murray and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Immigration Economics written by Nico Ochmann and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Immigration Economics and Political Economy written by Jörg Christoph Sajons and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Immigration and Education written by Karmen Suen and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first chapter of this thesis, the 1995 TIMSS eighth-grade mathematics score is used to proxy for home country education quality for U.S. immigrants. On average, a one standard deviation increase in TIMSS magnifies the marginal returns to post-migrational education by 0.83 percentage points. This pre-migrational education quality effect remains positive and significant for individuals at the 25th percentile of the conditional wage distribution. In addition, diminishing returns to post-migrational years of schooling is observed at all wage quantiles, but evidence is mixed in regards to pre-migrational years of education. Using the 2000 Census, the second paper finds that, compared to another immigrant holding a job that requires less human-interaction, an immigrant worker who possesses knowledge in speaking a non-English language and who works in a human-interaction-intensive occupation would enjoy an average wage benefit of 4.47%. For an immigrant, other immigrants from a different home country are perceived as complements, while those from the same country of origin would be substitutes. Moreover, a one standard deviation increase in bilateral trade volume between the United States and the immigrant's country of origin is predicted to enhance the immigrant's returns to working in the Wholesale Trade industry by 3.36% on average, a pattern that is very different for immigrants whose country of origin uses English as an official language. A positive relationship between parental involvement in reading-related activities before the student began schooling and the student's 2001 PIRLS test score is found in the third chapter. On average, having a parent who played alphabet toys, played word games, and read signs and labels out loud during the student's preschool years is predicted to carry an effect size of 0.2, holding other attributes constant. However, the effect of watching reading programs on television on this test score seems negative. Under a quantile regression framework, the effect of these parental inputs continues to be observed for students belonging to the 25th quantile of the conditional score distribution. Lastly, these academic variables are predicted to not affect an immigrant student's PIRLS score, although small sample size may be an issue.

Download or read book Essays in Housing and Immigration Economics written by Elior David Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains four essays in housing and immigration economics. The first two chapters are essays on homelessness and homeless housing, and the last two chapters are essays on immigration policy and its impact on the receiving country. In the first chapter I estimate the causal effect of housing assistance for individuals experiencing homelessness on recidivism to homelessness and economic and social outcomes such as crime, employment, and health. Using a random case worker assignment design and a novel dataset constructed by linking administrative records from multiple public agencies in Los Angeles County, I estimate that housing assistance for single adults experiencing homelessness reduces future recidivism to homelessness by 20 percentage points over an 18-month period, compared to a baseline mean of 40 percent. The decline is driven by housing programs that provide long-term housing solutions and by individuals with physical disabilities and/or severe mental illness. Moreover, my findings suggest that housing assistance reduces crime, increases employment, and improves health, while not increasing reliance on social benefits. A simple cost-benefit analysis implies that up to 80 percent of housing costs are offset by these potential benefits in the first 18 months alone. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that well targeted housing assistance for the homeless with a focus on long-term housing solutions can be rehabilitative for a large segment of the homeless population. In the second chapter, I investigate the effect of housing sites that serve the homeless population on community-level outcomes such as street homelessness, crime, and property values. I construct a comprehensive data that geocodes the locations of all designated homeless housing sites in Los Angeles County. Using spatial and time variation in homeless housing sites, I estimate the exposure of a community to designated homeless housing sites over time and use changes in this exposure to recover the causal relationship. I find that communities that had an increase in homeless housing in their boundaries and vicinity experience a sizable decline in homeless encampments, overall crime, and homeless-related crimes, and that housing values in these communities had increased. In the third chapter (written with Ran Abramitzky, Philipp Ager, Leah Platt Boustan, and Casper Worm Hansen), we study the implications of an immigration policy in the 1920s, where the United States substantially reduced immigrant entry by imposing country-specific quotas. We compare local labor markets differentially exposed to the quotas due to variation in the national-origin mix of their immigrant population. US-born workers in more exposed areas did not benefit from the immigrant losses and even experienced occupational downgrading. Instead, local economies substituted toward other sources of labor and capital. In urban areas, immigrants were replaced with internal migrants and immigrants from quota-free countries. By contrast, farmers shifted toward capital-intensive agriculture and the immigrant-intensive mining industry contracted, highlighting the unintended consequences of the border closure. Finally, In the fourth chapter I study the impact of skilled immigration on innovation in the receiving country, measured by patenting rates. The setting of the study is the first-half of the 20th century in the US, a period characterized by mass migration from Europe to the US and rapid technological progress. Exploiting national immigration policy changes together with historical settlement patterns of immigrants' across US counties, I estimate the effect of skilled immigration on local patenting rates. I find that counties that received more skilled immigrants had no impact on total patenting rates, but that this null effect masks a positive effect on the growing electrical and chemical fields and a negative effect on the traditional mechanical and textiles fields. Furthermore, I find that most of the effect is due to skilled immigration from Non-English Speaking Countries and from Countries with long patenting traditions. I offer a mechanism by which skilled immigrants act as ``Transmitters of Knowledge," that is, they impact innovation primarily by introducing new knowledge that did not exist in their destination prior to their arrival.

Download or read book Economics of Immigration written by P. N. (Raja) Junankar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty, famines, wars, and ethnic conflicts lead to large movements of refugees. The papers in this book provide an analysis of the economics of immigration. Junankar discusses why people migrate, the likely destinations for migrants, and their employment in the destination countries. He studies the benefits to the migrant families in terms of higher wages and living standards, and also studies how immigrants fare in the Australian labour markets in terms of finding good jobs, and whether there is discrimination against them. Economics of Immigration analyses the macroeconomic impacts of immigration on the Australian economy and discusses why some groups favour immigration while other groups are against it. Junankar argues immigration has been beneficial for employment and growth; not only adding to labour supply but also to labour demand, hence leading to favourable outcomes. This collection of essays shows how immigration has helped the economic development of Australia, while also highlighting that the historical reasons for immigration lie in the colonisation of many countries in Asia and Africa.

Download or read book The Economic Sociology of Immigration written by Alejandro Portes and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1995-06-22 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Portes suggests that immigration constitutes an especially appropriate Mertonian 'strategic research site' for economic sociology in that it provides very good opportunities for investigating the embeddedness of economic relationships in social situations....the contributors expand the conventional domain of economic sociology quite literally in both time and space."—Contemporary Sociology "Alejandro Portes and his splendid band of collaborators make clear that the causes, processes, and consequences of migration vary dramatically from group to group, that a group's history makes a profound difference to its fate in the American economy. They have produced a sinewy book, a book worth arguing with."—Charles Tilly, Columbia University The Economic Sociology of Immigration forges a dynamic link between the theoretical innovations of economic sociology with the latest empirical findings from immigration research, an area of critical concern as the problems of ethnic poverty and inequality become increasingly profound. Alejandro Portes' lucid overview of sociological approaches to economic phenomena provides the framework for six thoughtful, wide-ranging investigations into ethnic and immigrant labor networks and social resources, entrepreneurship, and cultural assimilation. Mark Granovetter illustrates how small businesses built on the bonds of ethnicity and kinship can, under certain conditions, flourish remarkably well. Bryan R. Roberts demonstrates how immigrant groups' expectations of the duration of their stay influence their propensity toward entrepreneurship. Ivan Light and Carolyn Rosenstein chart how specific metropolitan environments have stimulated or impeded entrepreneurial ventures in five ethnic populations. Saskia Sassen provides a revealing analysis of the unexpectedly flexible and vital labor market networks maintained between immigrants and their native countries, while M. Patricia Fernandez Kelly looks specifically at the black inner city to examine how insular cultural values hinder the acquisition of skills and jobs outside the neighborhood. Alejandro Portes also depicts the difference between the attitudes of American-born youths and those of recent immigrants and its effect on the economic success of immigrant children.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration written by Yizu R. Yeh and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economics of Immigration written by Cynthia Bansak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economics of Immigration provides students with the tools needed to examine the economic impact of immigration and immigration policies over the past century. Students will develop an understanding of why and how people migrate across borders and will learn how to analyze the economic causes and effects of immigration. The main objectives of the book are for students to understand the decision to migrate; to understand the impact of immigration on markets and government budgets; and to understand the consequences of immigration policies in a global context. From the first chapter, students will develop an appreciation of the importance of immigration as a separate academic field within labor economics and international economics. Topics covered include the effect of immigration on labor markets, housing markets, international trade, tax revenues, human capital accumulation, and government fiscal balances. The book also considers the impact of immigration on what firms choose to produce, and even on the ethnic diversity of restaurants and on financial markets, as well as the theory and evidence on immigrants’ economic assimilation. The textbook includes a comparative study of immigration policies in a number of immigrant-receiving and sending countries, beginning with the history of immigration policy in the United States. Finally, the book explores immigration topics that directly affect developing countries, such as remittances, brain drain, human trafficking, and rural-urban internal migration. Readers will also be fully equipped with the tools needed to understand and contribute to policy debates on this controversial topic. This is the first textbook to comprehensively cover the economics of immigration, and it is suitable both for economics students and for students studying migration in other disciplines, such as sociology and politics.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education and Immigration written by Jin Heum Park and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration and Birthplace Diversity written by Johann-Daniel Harnoss and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis deals with the economic analysis of population diversity, specifically diversity in terms of people's countries of origin. We propose an index of birth-place diversity for the work force of 195 countries in the years 1990 and 2000. We show that birthplace diversity is a new dimension of population diversity that is conceptually and empirically distinct from ethno-linguistic and genetic measures of diversity and, unlike these, is positively correlated with long-run economic output. This effect is larger for skilled immigrants in richer countries and robust in a SLS setting. We also find the productive effect of diversity to be larger for immigrants who are culturally close (but not too close) to natives and those who come from richer origin countries. We also investigate the link between birthplace diversity and attitudes to immigration. Using the World Values Survey with data for 72 countries, we find that skilled natives increase their support for immigration when diversity of skilled immigrants is high. results are robust to using the European Social Survey and also persist in a SLS model. We also find evidence for negative preference effects of immigrant diversity for more ethnocentric individuals. Lastly, we analyze the link between birthplace diversity and attitudes to redistribution in Europe. Using data for 29 European countries, we find that native workers tend to lower their support for redistribution of income when immigration is high. In addition, this effect varies along the skill distribution of natives, converges towards zero for highly educated individuals and is robust to using more detailed measures of labor market skill.

Download or read book Essays on Immigrants Economic Integration written by Kerem Tezic and published by Department of Economics School of Economics and Commercial Law Go. This book was released on 2004 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration Immigrant and Education Public Policies written by Albert Yung-Hsu Liu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines three topics at the intersection of the economics of immigration and the economics of education. First, I study the development of human capital among immigrants by evaluating Arizona Proposition 203 (2000) and Massachusetts Question 2 (2002), which require public school districts to provide one year of Structured English Immersion to English language learner students. Using a difference-in-differences framework, I show that for recent-arrival first-generation immigrants, the two initiatives are less effective at developing English language proficiency than previous programs, such as Transitional Bilingual Education and English as a Second Language. However, I also show new heterogeneity in relative program effectiveness in that second-generation immigrants actually benefit from Structured English Immersion. In the second chapter, I use unique data from the Current Population Survey on education by country of origin to show that the return to foreign education among immigrants is 3.3 percent. This estimate is half the size of estimates from previous studies for two reasons. First, calculating foreign education as the difference between total education and domestic education rather than as a function of total education ad age at arrival eliminates the upward bias from misattributing domestic education as foreign education. Second, excluding domestic education as an endogenous control variable removes the upward bias in the return to foreign education caused by the negative correlation between domestic education and foreign education. The results show that foreign education is even less portable to the United States labor market than previously thought. In the third chapter, I test whether country-level educational expenditures, pupil-teacher ratios, and student achievement should be interpreted as measures of foreign school quality. I use the United States Census and the American Community Survey to show that the three measures are associated with the return to foreign education in expected directions. However, only educational expenditures are robust to accounting for group-level correlations between the wage residuals. I also show that the three measures affect immigrants who never attended school in their countries of birth as a falsification test, which suggests that they reflect country-level unobservables rather than foreign school quality.

Download or read book The Human and Economic Implications of Twenty First Century Immigration Policy written by Susan Pozo and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To effectively debate immigration policy we need to be better informed. This book helps by presenting a group of prominent scholars who use data to help unravel the facts. They address immigration’s fiscal impacts, immigrants’ generational assimilation, enhanced U.S. enforcement, and alternatives for those seeking refugee status. Together, they help move us from the personal to the analytical, providing us a rational appraisal of immigration and the policies currently before us.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Immigration to the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Political Economy of Immigration written by Sumit S. Deole and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: