Download or read book Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Aspects of Phase Transitions in Quantum Physics written by Ricardo Puebla and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of continuous phase transitions are studied in various systems, with a special emphasis on understanding how well-established universal traits at equilibrium may be extended into the dynamic realm, going beyond the paradigmatic Kibble-Zurek mechanism of defect formation. This book reports on the existence of a quantum phase transition in a system comprising just a single spin and a bosonic mode (the quantum Rabi model). Though critical phenomena are inherent to many-body physics, the author demonstrates that this small and ostensibly simple system allows us to explore the rich phenomenology of phase transitions, both in- and out-of-equilibrium. Moreover, the universal traits of this quantum phase transition may be realized in a single trapped-ion experiment, thus avoiding the need to scale up the number of constituents. In this system, the phase transition takes place in a suitable limit of system parameters rather than in the conventional thermodynamic limit - a novel notion that the author and his collaborators have dubbed the finite-component system phase transition. As such, the results gathered in this book will open promising new avenues in our understanding and exploration of quantum critical phenomena.
Download or read book Non Equilibrium Phase Transitions written by Malte Henkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The importance of knowledge consists not only in its direct practical utility but also in the fact the it promotes a widely contemplative habit of mind; on this ground, utility is to be found in much of the knowledge that is nowadays labelled ‘useless’. ” Bertrand Russel, In Praise of Idleness, London (1935) “Why are scientists in so many cases so deeply interested in their work ? Is it merely because it is useful ? It is only necessary to talk to such scientists to discover that the utilitarian possibilities of their work are generally of secondary interest to them. Something else is primary. ” David Bohm, On creativity, Abingdon (1996) In this volume, the dynamical critical behaviour of many-body systems far from equilibrium is discussed. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of the - namics itself, rather than those of the stationary state, are in the focus of 1 interest. Characteristically, far-from-equilibrium systems often display - namical scaling, even if the stationary state is very far from being critical. A 1 As an example of a non-equilibrium phase transition, with striking practical c- sequences, consider the allotropic change of metallic ?-tin to brittle ?-tin. At o equilibrium, the gray ?-Sn becomes more stable than the silvery ?-Sn at 13. 2 C. Kinetically, the transition between these two solid forms of tin is rather slow at higher temperatures. It starts from small islands of ?-Sn, the growth of which proceeds through an auto-catalytic reaction.
Download or read book Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Aspects of Phase Transitions in Quantum Physics written by Ricardo Puebla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-17 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of continuous phase transitions are studied in various systems, with a special emphasis on understanding how well-established universal traits at equilibrium may be extended into the dynamic realm, going beyond the paradigmatic Kibble–Zurek mechanism of defect formation. This book reports on the existence of a quantum phase transition in a system comprising just a single spin and a bosonic mode (the quantum Rabi model). Though critical phenomena are inherent to many-body physics, the author demonstrates that this small and ostensibly simple system allows us to explore the rich phenomenology of phase transitions, both in- and out-of-equilibrium. Moreover, the universal traits of this quantum phase transition may be realized in a single trapped-ion experiment, thus avoiding the need to scale up the number of constituents. In this system, the phase transition takes place in a suitable limit of system parameters rather than in the conventional thermodynamic limit – a novel notion that the author and his collaborators have dubbed the finite-component system phase transition. As such, the results gathered in this book will open promising new avenues in our understanding and exploration of quantum critical phenomena.
Download or read book Non Equilibrium Phase Transitions written by Malte Henkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-27 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes two main classes of non-equilibrium phase-transitions: static and dynamics of transitions into an absorbing state, and dynamical scaling in far-from-equilibrium relaxation behavior and ageing.
Download or read book Equilibrium Statistical Physics written by M. Baus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-15 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a textbook which gradually introduces the student to the statistical mechanical study of the different phases of matter and to the phase transitions between them. Throughout, only simple models of both ordinary and soft matter are used but these are studied in full detail. The subject is developed in a pedagogical manner, starting from the basics, going from the simple ideal systems to the interacting systems, and ending with the more modern topics. The textbook provides the student with a complete overview, intentionally at an introductory level, of the theory of phase transitions. All equations and deductions are included.
Download or read book Dynamics of First Order Phase Transitions in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Systems written by S. W. Koch and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Topological Defects and the Non Equilibrium Dynamics of Symmetry Breaking Phase Transitions written by Yuriy M. Bunkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topological defects formed at symmetry-breaking phase transitions play an important role in many different fields of physics. They appear in many condensed-matter systems at low temperature; examples include vortices in superfluid helium-4, a rich variety of defects in helium-3, quantized mag netic flux tubes in type-II superconductors, and disclination lines and other defects in liquid crystals. In cosmology, unified gauge theories of particle interactions suggest a sequence of phase transitions in the very early uni verse some of which may lead to defect formation. In astrophysics, defects play an important role in the dynamics of neutron stars. In 1997 the European Science Foundation started the scientific network "Topological defects" headed by Tom Kibble. This network has provided us with a unique opportunity of establishing a collaboration between the representatives of these very different branches of modern physics. The NATO-ASI (Advanced Study Institute), held in Les Houches in February 1999 thanks to the support of the Scientific Division of NATO, the European Science Foundation and the CNRS, represents a key event of this ESF network. It brought together participants from widely different fields, with diverse expertise and vocabulary, fostering the exchange of ideas. The lectures given by particle physicists, cosmologists and condensed matter physicists are the result of the fruitful collaborations established since 1997 between groups in several European countries and in the U.S.A.
Download or read book Applications Of Field Theory Methods In Statistical Physics Of Nonequilibrium Systems written by Bohdan I Lev and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book formulates a unified approach to the description of many-particle systems combining the methods of statistical physics and quantum field theory. The benefits of such an approach are in the description of phase transitions during the formation of new spatially inhomogeneous phases, as well in describing quasi-equilibrium systems with spatially inhomogeneous particle distributions (for example, self-gravitating systems) and metastable states.The validity of the methods used in the statistical description of many-particle systems and models (theory of phase transitions included) is discussed and compared. The idea of using the quantum field theory approach and related topics (path integration, saddle-point and stationary-phase methods, Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation, mean-field theory, and functional integrals) is described in detail to facilitate further understanding and explore more applications.To some extent, the book could be treated as a brief encyclopedia of methods applicable to the statistical description of spatially inhomogeneous equilibrium and metastable particle distributions. Additionally, the general approach is not only formulated, but also applied to solve various practically important problems (gravitating gas, Coulomb-like systems, dusty plasmas, thermodynamics of cellular structures, non-uniform dynamics of gravitating systems, etc.).
Download or read book Order Disorder and Criticality written by Yurij Holovatch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-03-08 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews some of the classic aspects in the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena, which has a long history. Recently, these aspects are attracting much attention due to essential new contributions. The topics presented in this book include: mathematical theory of the Ising model; equilibrium and non-equilibrium criticality of one-dimensional quantum spin chains; influence of structural disorder on the critical behaviour of the Potts model; criticality, fractality and multifractality of linked polymers; field-theoretical approaches in the superconducting phase transitions. The book is based on the review lectures that were given in Lviv (Ukraine) in March 2002 at the “Ising lectures” — a traditional annual workshop on phase transitions and critical phenomena which aims to bring together scientists working in the field of phase transitions with university students and those who are interested in the subject. Contents:Mathematical Theory of the Ising Model and Its Generalizations: An Introduction (Y Kozitsky)Relaxation in Quantum Spin Chains: Free Fermionic Models (D Karevski)Quantum Phase Transitions in Alternating Transverse Ising Chains (O Derzhko)Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional Random Potts Models (B Berche & C Chatelain)Scaling of Miktoarm Star Polymers (C von Ferber)Field Theoretic Approaches to the Superconducting Phase Transition (F S Nogueira & H Kleinert) Readership: Researchers, academics and graduate students in condensed matter physics. Keywords:Phase Transitions;Disorder;Critical Phenomena;Renormalization Group;Ising Model;Potts Model
Download or read book Quantum Gases written by Nick Proukakis and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1995 observation of Bose–Einstein condensation in dilute atomic vapours spawned the field of ultracold, degenerate quantum gases. Unprecedented developments in experimental design and precision control have led to quantum gases becoming the preferred playground for designer quantum many-body systems. This self-contained volume provides a broad overview of the principal theoretical techniques applied to non-equilibrium and finite temperature quantum gases. Covering Bose–Einstein condensates, degenerate Fermi gases, and the more recently realised exciton–polariton condensates, it fills a gap by linking between different methods with origins in condensed matter physics, quantum field theory, quantum optics, atomic physics, and statistical mechanics. Thematically organised chapters on different methodologies, contributed by key researchers using a unified notation, provide the first integrated view of the relative merits of individual approaches, aided by pertinent introductory chapters and the guidance of editorial notes. Both graduate students and established researchers wishing to understand the state of the art will greatly benefit from this comprehensive and up-to-date review of non-equilibrium and finite temperature techniques in the exciting and expanding field of quantum gases and liquids. Contents:Introductory Material:Quantum Gases: The BackgroundQuantum Gases: Experimental ConsiderationsQuantum Gases: Background Key Theoretical NotionsUltracold Bosonic Gases: Theoretical Modelling:Kinetic and Many-Body ApproachesClassical-Field, Stochastic and Field-Theoretic ApproachesComparison of Common TheoriesOverview of Related Quantum-Degenerate Systems:Nearly Integrable One-Dimensional SystemsOptical Lattice GeometriesLiquid HeliumDegenerate Fermi GasesExciton/Polariton Condensation Readership: Aimed at graduate level students and for researchers. Keywords:Quantum Gas;BoseâEinstein;Condensate;Mean Field;Classical Field;Quantum Dynamics;Cold Atom;Ultracold Atom;Superfluid;Non-Equilibrium;Kinetic Theory;Field Theory;Quantum Fluid;Quantum Liquid;Degenerate Gas;Quantum Statistics;Number-Conserving;Symmetry-Breaking;Finite Temperature;Fluctuations;Stochastic;GrossâPitaevskii;Bogoliubov;Many Body;Phase-Space Methods;Low-Dimensional;Optical Lattice;Bose;Fermi;Exciton;Polariton;ThermalizationKey Features:This book provides a unique and editorially linked, impartial unified presentation of the leading theoretical models for quantum gases far from equilibrium, and at finite temperaturesIn addition to focusing on bosonic gases, this book also makes connections to related quantum gases and fluids, such as fermionic gases, atoms in optical lattices, as well as exciton and polariton condensatesIntroductory chapters make this book an essential, accessible resource to both graduate students and early researchers as well as established scientists, with individual chapters written and edited by prominent researchers in the fieldReviews:“This book should be the first reference point for learning about various theoretical approaches to describing quantum gases. The editors and contributors have created a unique book with well-written articles, meaningful comparisons of various approximation schemes, a uniform notation and more than one thousand references. In addition, the book features introductory chapters and up-to-date review articles of experimental methods and current frontiers. The completeness and depth of the presentation are impressive.”Wolfgang Ketterle, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms & Nobel Laureate
Download or read book Non equilibrium Phase Transitions written by Malte Henkel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fluctuations Instabilities and Phase Transitions written by T. Riste and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the papers presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Geilo, Norway, 11th - 20th April 1975. The institute was the third in a row devoted to phase transitions. The previous two dealt with 2nd- and 1st-order transitions in equilibrium systems and the proceedings have been published.i~ In order to make an overlap wi th those institutes, the first part of this institute was devoted to 1st -or der transitions with an emphasis on the problems of metast abi l i t y and instability en countered i n spinodal decomposition, nucleation etc. The main topic was, however, that of non-equilibrium systems, and the present institute was to our knowledge the first one devoted to the physics of such systems. The discovery of the analogy between phase transitions in equilibrium systems and instabilities in non-equilibrium systems was first made by Rolf Landauer in 1961 and later independently by others. The analogy was first pointed out for electronic devices (tunnel diodes, Gunn oscillators, lasers, etc. ) and the treatment of hydrodynamic instabilities followed later.
Download or read book Quantum Phase Transitions in Transverse Field Spin Models written by Amit Dutta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-28 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transverse field Ising and XY models (the simplest quantum spin models) provide the organising principle for the rich variety of interconnected subjects which are covered in this book. From a generic introduction to in-depth discussions of the subtleties of the transverse field Ising and related models, it includes the essentials of quantum dynamics and quantum information. A wide range of relevant topics has also been provided: quantum phase transitions, various measures of quantum information, the effects of disorder and frustration, quenching dynamics and the Kibble–Zurek scaling relation, the Kitaev model, topological phases of quantum systems, and bosonisation. In addition, it also discusses the experimental studies of transverse field models (including the first experimental realisation of quantum annealing) and the recent realisation of the transverse field Ising model using tunable Josephson junctions. Further, it points to the obstacles still remaining to develop a successful quantum computer.
Download or read book Statistical Mechanics of Phase Transitions and Kinetics written by Edward Timoshenko and published by Edward Timoshenko. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This course is devoted to advances of Statistical Mechanics beyond the ideal equilibrium systems. We proceed from the systematic calculation of corrections to the ideal gas law and the van der Waals theory. Next, two-phase coexistence is studied and the Maxwell rule is obtained. The Flory-Huggins theory is derived for polymer solutions. We discuss the generic aspects of phase transitions, phase diagrams, metastable states and applications to chemical reactions. For molecular solutions we derive the Dalton’s, Raoult’s and Henry’s laws, as well as the Van’t-Hoff’s law. Concepts of the non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics and the Kinetics of phase transitions are overviewed.
Download or read book Nonequilibrium Cooperative Phenomena in Physics and Related Fields written by M. G. Velarde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the lectures and invited seminars pre sented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on NON-EQUILIBRIUM COOPERATIVE PHENOMENA IN PHYSICS AND RELATED FIELDS that was held at EL ESCORIAL (MADRID), SPAIN, on August 1-11, 1983. Most nonlinear problems in dissipative systems, i . e . , most mathematical models in SYNERGETICS are highly trans disciplinary in practice and the list of lecturers and participants at the ASI reflects this di versi ty both in background and interest. The presentation of the material fell into two main categories: tutopia~ Zectures on some basic ideas and methods, both experimental and theoretical, intended to lay a common base for all participants, and a series of more specific lectures and seminars, serving the purpose of exemplying selected but typical applications in their current state of development. Topics were chosen for their basic interest as well as for their potential for applications (laser, hydrodynamics, liquid crystals, EHD, combustion, thermoelasticity, etc. ). We had more seminars and some of the oral presentations were supported or complemented with 16 mm films and on occasion with experimental demonstrations including a special seminar, a social one on broken symmetries in Art and Music. There is here no record of these non-standard acti vi ties. We had, indeed, quite a heavy load for which I was fully responsible. However, the reader and, above all, the participants at the ASI ought to be aware of the fact that in Spain, with.
Download or read book Equilibrium and Non equilibrium Statistical Mechanics written by Carolyn M. Van Vliet and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 987 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses our current understanding of the ensemble approach to many-body physics, phase transitions and other thermal phenomena, as well as the quantum foundations of linear response theory, kinetic equations and stochastic processes. It is destined to be a standard text for graduate students, but it will also serve the specialist-researcher in this fascinating field; some more elementary topics have been included in order to make the book self-contained.The historical methods of J Willard Gibbs and Ludwig Boltzmann, applied to the quantum description rather than phase space, are featured. The tools for computations in the microcanonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles are carefully developed and then applied to a variety of classical and standard quantum situations. After the language of second quantization has been introduced, strongly interacting systems, such as quantum liquids, superfluids and superconductivity, are treated in detail. For the connoisseur, there is a section on diagrammatic methods and applications.In the second part dealing with non-equilibrium processes, the emphasis is on the quantum foundations of Markovian behaviour and irreversibility via the Pauli-Van Hove master equation. Justifiable linear response expressions and the quantum-Boltzmann approach are discussed and applied to various condensed matter problems. From this basis the Onsager-Casimir relations are derived, together with the mesoscopic master equation, the Langevin equation and the Fokker-Planck truncation procedure. Brownian motion and modern stochastic problems such as fluctuations in optical signals and radiation fields briefly make the round.
Download or read book Phase Transitions and Relaxation in Systems with Competing Energy Scales written by T. Riste and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systems with competing energy scales are widespread and exhibit rich and subtle behaviour, although their systematic study is a relatively recent activity. This text presents lectures given at a NATO Advanced Study Institute reviewing the current knowledge and understanding of this fascinating subject, particularly with regard to phase transitions and dynamics, at an advanced tutorial level. Both general and specific aspects are considered, with competitions having several origins; differences in intrinsic interactions, interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic effects, such as geometry and disorder; irreversibility and non-equilibration. Among the specific physical application areas are supercooled liquids and glasses, high-temperature superconductors, flux or vortex pinning and motion, charge density waves, domain growth and coarsening, and electron solidification.
