Download or read book Epistemics written by Jane Duran and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 1989 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This author explores the intersection between cognitive science, as exemplified by the computational model of mind, and epistemology specifically, epistemic justification theory. Her analysis leads to the conclusion that some very specific and somewhat technical issues in epistemic justification theory can be at least partially resolved, if not entirely cleared up, by the use of the computational model. The third and fourth chapters of this work are devoted directly to that effort. Chapter one examines in detail epistemology and cognitive sciences, while chapters two and three offer a thorough introduction to standard epistemic justification theory. Finally, chapter five is a critique of the computational model.

Download or read book Epistemics of Divine Reality written by Domenic Marbaniang and published by Lulu Press, Inc. This book was released on 2017-08-18 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Knowledge Claims of God Involve. This book investigates the various traditions like monism, polytheism, pantheism, panentheism and approaches such as foundationalism, fideism, pragmatism, and rational fideism. This book was originally the PhD thesis of the writer submitted to ACTS Academy in 2007.

Download or read book Political Epistemics written by Andreas Glaeser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does the durability of political institutions have to do with how actors form knowledge about them? Andreas Glaeser investigates this question in the context of a fascinating historical case: socialist East Germany’s unexpected self-dissolution in 1989. His analysis builds on extensive in-depth interviews with former secret police officers and the dissidents they tried to control as well as research into the documents both groups produced. In particular, Glaeser analyzes how these two opposing factions’ understanding of the socialist project came to change in response to countless everyday experiences. These investigations culminate in answers to two questions: why did the officers not defend socialism by force? And how was the formation of dissident understandings possible in a state that monopolized mass communication and group formation? He also explores why the Stasi, although always well informed about dissident activities, never developed a realistic understanding of the phenomenon of dissidence. Out of this ambitious study, Glaeser extracts two distinct lines of thought. On the one hand he offers an epistemic account of socialism’s failure that differs markedly from existing explanations. On the other hand he develops a theory—a sociology of understanding—that shows us how knowledge can appear validated while it is at the same time completely misleading.

Download or read book Epistemics and Economics written by G. L. S. Shackle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is Shackle's view that human conduct is chosen with a view to its consequences. But these are in the future, which cannot be directly known. Expectation will confine itself to what is deemed possible, but this leaves it free to entertain widely diverse and rival hypotheses. How can such skeins of mutually conflicting ideas serve the formation of individual or institutional policy? This is the chief question this book examines.

Download or read book Lay Epistemics and Human Knowledge written by Arie W. Kruglanski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whatever your reasons, kind reader, for reading these words,-what ever your premises about forewords, whatever the epistemic motivation with which you approach them-Iet me urge you to turn immediately to Kruglanski's first chapter and skim it. If any enthusiasm for sodal psy chology flows in your veins, you will certainly proceed then to read further in this important book. It represents some dozen years of Arie's thought and of his and his colleagues' research. Its intellectual scope covers 50 years of sodal psychology-from attitudes and attitude change, to balance, disso nance, and the various other cognitive consistency theories, to causal attribution, and to current cognitive sodal psychology. Sodal psycholo gists have recently begun to leave the fireside coziness of scribbling textbook catalogues of our field and to venture out into the cold, outdoor adventure of detecting (or creating?) its underlying structure. Of these attempts at providing scope plus order, Kruglanski's must surely be the most ambitious. For his is no mere overarching theory, which, like a circus tent over a diverse set of sideshows, covers everything but does little to provide thematic structure. Rather, Kruglanski tries to produce a basic reorganization of our thinking about sodal psychology. To use his LEGO blocks metaphor for the modification of knowledge structures, he attempts to dismantle the current assembly of elements of our field and reassemble them into a simpler and more coherent configuration.

Download or read book Epistemics of the Virtual written by Johan F. Hoorn and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05-09 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proposing a new theory of fiction, this work reviews the confusion about perceived realism, metaphor, virtual worlds and the seemingly obvious distinction between what is true and what is false. The rise of new media, new technology, and creative products and services requires a new examination of what ‘real’ friends are, to what extent scientific novelty is ‘true’, and whether online content is merely ‘figurative’. In this transdisciplinary theory the author evaluates cognitive theories, philosophical discussion, and topics in biology and physics, and places these in the frameworks of computer science and literary theory. The interest of the reader is continuously challenged on matters of truth, fiction, and the shakiness of our belief systems.

Download or read book Epistemics of Development Economics written by Kofi Kissi Dompere and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1995-08-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effective use of development economic theories in practice is limited, the authors contend, by the lack of explicit criterion for judging their scientific content. The directional progress of critical research and teaching is also constrained by this deficiency. This study advances a meta-theory designed to assist in evaluating the scientific validity of theories in economic development and how these theories can be improved to assist social practice. Using this model, the study then examines existing theories, dividing them into explanatory and prescriptive theories. The explanatory theories include the stage-based theories of Marx, Schumpeter, and Rostow, and factor-based theories, including capital-based, human-capital-based, and technology-based theories. The prescriptive theories include explanatory-theory-based prescriptions, interventionist prescriptive theories, and theories of economic planning. In conclusion, the authors contend that modern analysis of development economics is plagued with logical ills, misleading notions, and a weak theoretical structure that lacks scientific appeal. Most of the theories, except for those of Marx and Schumpeter, neglect an analysis of the mechanism of change.

Download or read book The Language of Game Theory written by Adam Brandenburger and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains eight papers written by Adam Brandenburger and his co-authors over a period of 25 years. These papers are part of a program to reconstruct game theory in order to make how players reason about a game a central feature of the theory. The program — now called epistemic game theory — extends the classical definition of a game model to include not only the game matrix or game tree, but also a description of how the players reason about one another (including their reasoning about other players' reasoning). With this richer mathematical framework, it becomes possible to determine the implications of how players reason for how a game is played. Epistemic game theory includes traditional equilibrium-based theory as a special case, but allows for a wide range of non-equilibrium behavior. Contents:An Impossibility Theorem on Beliefs in Games (Adam Brandenburger and H Jerome Keisler)Hierarchies of Beliefs and Common Knowledge (Adam Brandenburger and Eddie Dekel)Rationalizability and Correlated Equilibria (Adam Brandenburger and Eddie Dekel)Intrinsic Correlation in Games (Adam Brandenburger and Amanda Friedenberg)Epistemic Conditions for Nash Equilibrium (Robert Aumann and Adam Brandenburger)Lexicographic Probabilities and Choice Under Uncertainty (Lawrence Blume, Adam Brandenburger, and Eddie Dekel)Admissibility in Games (Adam Brandenburger, Amanda Friedenberg and H Jerome Keisler)Self-Admissible Sets (Adam Brandenburger and Amanda Friedenberg) Readership: Graduate students and researchers in the fields of game theory, theoretical computer science, mathematical logic and social neuroscience. Keywords:Game Theory;Epistemic Game Theory;Foundations;Applied Mathematics;Social Neuroscience;Rationalizability;Nash Equilibrium;Probability;UncertaintyKey Features:Focuses on epistemic game theory — an emerging approach to game theoryLikely strong interest in these tools from other disciplines, includingtheoretical computer science, mathematical logic, and social neuroscienceProminent co-author team: Robert Aumann (Hebrew University, Nobel Laureate 2005); Lawrence Blume (Cornell University); Eddie Dekel (Northwestern University and Tel Aviv University); Amanda Freedeneurg (Arizona State University); H Jerome Keisler (University of Wisconsin Madison)Reviews: "Adam Brandenburger's work on the knowledge requirements implicit in game theory has become classic. These are of profound importance in understanding the relevance of game theory and, indeed, economic theory in general to the real economy. It is very good to have them collected, with an introduction that brings out the underlying themes." Kenneth J Arrow Stanford University, USA "Over the past decade epistemic game theory has emerged as one of the principled alternatives to more traditional approaches to economic interactions and Adam Brandenburger has played a central role in that emergence. For anyone interested in epistemic game theory, or game theory in general, this book is a must have. But even more important is the opportunity this volume, and epistemic game theory in general, presents to empirical scientists. As Brandenburger notes in his Introduction, until now epistemic game theory has been a theoretical discipline. This volume should make it clear, however, that it could be — and likely soon will be — an empirical undertaking. Anyone interested in behavioral, psychological, or neurobiological studies of how we make decisions during strategic play will find in this volume a profoundly fascinating set of empirically testable hypotheses just waiting to be examined." Paul Glimcher New York University, USA "Three hundred years ago, Francis Waldegrave found the first minimax solution of a matrix game. But in his correspondence with mathematicians Pierre Rémond de Montmort and Nicolaus Bernoulli, Waldegrave counseled that epistemic considerations involving knowledge, beliefs, uncertainty, and incomplete information also mattered. The principal practitioners of game theory, with the notable exceptions of John Harsanyi and Robert Aumann, have ignored this advice. In recent years, these two theorists have been joined by Adam Brandenburger, whose work on epistemic game theory has been collected in this splendid volume. Eight classic papers by Brandenburger with a number of co-authors present an authoritative view of the field while an insightful introduction provides a roadmap to research both present and future." Harold W Kuhn Princeton University, USA "This book features a collection of foundational papers by Adam Brandenburger in epistemic game theory. Though still evolving, this approach marks a tectonic shift in game theory by offering a new, epistemic dimension which might be compared to the introduction of synchronized sound to motion pictures in the early 20th century: it might not immediately provide a complete picture, but it has the potential of changing the field forever." Sergei N Artemov The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, USA "Adam Brandenburger has played a leading role in developing the program of epistemic game theory, the goal of which is to provide a deeper and clearer foundation for game theory as a whole. This volume collects a remarkable body of work by Brandenburger and his collaborators, in which penetrating conceptual analysis and the development of a rich mathematical theory go hand in hand. The work offers much of great interest to computer scientists, who will see many connections with their study of recursive and corecursive structures, of processes and their logics, and of multi-agent systems; and to mathematicians and logicians interested in making precise models of the reflexive structures inherent in systems containing rational agents who can reason about the system of which they form a part. I hope that this timely collection will help to stimulate cross-disciplinary work on these fundamental topics." Samson Abramsky Oxford University, UK "Games are playgrounds where players meet and interact, guided by streams of information and opinion. Adam Brandenburger's work has been instrumental in creating a new rich epistemic framework doing justice to both games and their players. This timely book will help a broader audience learn and appreciate the resulting theory." Johan van Benthem University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Stanford University, USA "Economics, so grounded in the notion of equilibrium, has required substantial foundational work on reasoning about reasoning — epistemics — in interacting situations (games). Yet, if plain reasoning is difficult enough, just imagine epistemics. Adam Brandenburger, as is evident from the elegant and clear chapters of this book, is a master of the trade. His highly regarded research, always subtle and deep, is of the kind that establishes milestones while at the same time opening up vistas to new, and unexpected, frontiers. This book is specialized, certainly, but it is a must." Andreu Mas-Colell Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain “The papers in this book had a huge impact on the field, created an inter– and multi–discipliner research within the intersection of economics, philosophy, mathematics and computer science, and also inspired countless amount of PhD dissertations. Brandenburger's work contains very precise and beautiful mathematics, an earthly reading of epistemics and a puzzling innovation.” Zentralblatt MATH

Download or read book Epistemic Injustice written by Miranda Fricker and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2007-07-05 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this exploration of new territory between ethics and epistemology, Miranda Fricker argues that there is a distinctively epistemic type of injustice, in which someone is wronged specifically in their capacity as a knower. Justice is one of the oldest and most central themes in philosophy, but in order to reveal the ethical dimension of our epistemic practices the focus must shift to injustice. Fricker adjusts the philosophical lens so that we see through to the negative space that is epistemic injustice. The book explores two different types of epistemic injustice, each driven by a form of prejudice, and from this exploration comes a positive account of two corrective ethical-intellectual virtues. The characterization of these phenomena casts light on many issues, such as social power, prejudice, virtue, and the genealogy of knowledge, and it proposes a virtue epistemological account of testimony. In this ground-breaking book, the entanglements of reason and social power are traced in a new way, to reveal the different forms of epistemic injustice and their place in the broad pattern of social injustice.

Download or read book Epistemics of the Virtual written by Johan F. Hoorn and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proposing a new theory of fiction, this work reviews the confusion about perceived realism, metaphor, virtual worlds and the seemingly obvious distinction between what is true and what is false. The rise of new media, new technology, and creative products and services requires a new examination of what 'real' friends are, to what extent scientific novelty is 'true', and whether online content is merely 'figurative'. In this transdisciplinary theory the author evaluates cognitive theories, philosophical discussion, and topics in biology and physics, and places these in the frameworks of computer science and literary theory. The interest of the reader is continuously challenged on matters of truth, fiction, and the shakiness of their belief systems.

Download or read book Epistemic Meaning written by Kasper Boye and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-07-30 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended to contribute to the clarification of the linguistic research area covered by the terms modal, evidential and epistemic. It sets out to demonstrate that on cross-linguistic grounds a hitherto overlooked epistemic meaning domain must be given due recognition in linguistic theory, on a par with domains such as time and number. The relevant domain is coherent, but at the same time complex in that it consists of two subdomains: one which comprises degree-of-certainty meanings, and one which comprises information-source meanings. The book offers three arguments for giving recognition to such a meaning domain. The first argument concerns the clustering of linguistic expressions with epistemic meaning into morphosyntactically delimited systems of elements. The second argument has to do with the variation pertaining to the coding of epistemic meanings, as highlighted in a semantic map of epistemic expressions. The third argument turns upon the scope properties of epistemic meanings and the morphosyntactic reflections of these properties. Finally, the book proposes a unified cognitive analysis of epistemic meaning in terms of which it attempts to account for the properties of the epistemic meaning domain as well as of individual epistemic meanings.

Download or read book Epistemics and Economics written by G. L. S. Shackle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is Shackle's view that human conduct is chosen with a view to its consequences. But these are in the future, which cannot be directly known. Expectation will confine itself to what is deemed possible, but this leaves it free to entertain widely diverse and rival hypotheses. How can such skeins of mutually conflicting ideas serve the formation of individual or institutional policy? This is the chief question this book examines.

Download or read book Layers of Modality written by Ana Werkmann Horvat and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the literature on modality focuses, at least implicitly, on the occurrence of single modal auxiliaries. However, cross-linguistically, modal auxiliaries can co-occur with one another, but under interesting restrictions. This monograph examines layered modal constructions and the semantic restrictions under which they combine. The main puzzle addressed in the book is the question of ordering restrictions among modal auxiliaries and whether these have any semantic consequences, and finally, what the conceptual rationale is behind these restrictions. Based on the data from Croatian, the central proposal is that modal restrictions depend heavily on both modal force and flavour, and combine according to a hierarchy that can possibly be extended cross-linguistically since it rests on the basis of the conceptual and logical reality of human language. The book also offers an in-depth overview of the literature on layered modal constructions as well as a valuable and extensive set of analyzed data which will be of great interest for researchers interested in verbal systems, modality, and Slavic languages.

Download or read book Epistemic Cultures written by Karin Knorr Cetina and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1999-05-01 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does science create knowledge? Epistemic cultures, shaped by affinity, necessity, and historical coincidence, determine how we know what we know. In this book, Karin Knorr Cetina compares two of the most important and intriguing epistemic cultures of our day, those in high energy physics and molecular biology. Her work highlights the diversity of these cultures of knowing and, in its depiction of their differences--in the meaning of the empirical, the enactment of object relations, and the fashioning of social relations--challenges the accepted view of a unified science. By many accounts, contemporary Western societies are becoming knowledge societies--which run on expert processes and expert systems epitomized by science and structured into all areas of social life. By looking at epistemic cultures in two sample cases, this book addresses pressing questions about how such expert systems and processes work, what principles inform their cognitive and procedural orientations, and whether their organization, structures, and operations can be extended to other forms of social order. The first ethnographic study to systematically compare two different scientific laboratory cultures, this book sharpens our focus on epistemic cultures as the basis of the knowledge society.

Download or read book Millennials Talking Media written by Sylvia Sierra and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-05 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Friends don't let friends skip leg day." "You shall not pass!" "I'll be back." The way we read these lines-whether or not you picture Gandalf, hear the deep monotone of the Terminator, or smilemakes it clear that media consumption affects our everyday lives, language, and how we identify as part of a group. Millennials Talking Media examines how U.S. Millennial friends embed both old media (books, songs, movies, and TV shows) and new media (YouTube videos, videogames, and internet memes) in their everyday talk for particular interactional purposes. Sylvia Sierra presents case studies featuring the recorded talk of Millennial friends to demonstrate how and why these speakers make media references and use them to handle awkward moments and other interactional dilemmas. Sierra's analysis shows how such references contribute to epistemic management and frame shifts in conversation, which ultimately work together to construct a shared sense of Millennial identity. Building on contemporary work in media studies, Sierra weaves together the most current linguistic theories regarding knowledge, framing, and identity to create a book that will be of interest to Boomers, Gen Xers, Millennials, and Gen Z alike.

Download or read book Imaginaries of Connectivity written by Luis Lobo-Guerrero and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection addresses the problem of how the creation of novel spaces of governance relates to imaginaries of connectivity in time. While connectivity seems almost ubiquitous today, it has been imagined and practiced in various ways and to varying political effects in different historical and geographical contexts. Often the conception of new connectivities also gives birth to new spaces of governance. The political denomination of spaces – whether maritime, continental, social, or virtual – reflects the situatedness of power. Yet, such crafting of new spaces also expresses particular imaginaries and technologies of connectivity that make governance possible. Whereas the study of international relations has traditionally focused on the role of agency and structure in power relations, the affects, beliefs, attitudes, and practices that intervene in how groups of people connect in given times have not attracted much scholarly attention Overall, the detailed and original case studies examined in the book range from the 16th century, to the 19th century, to the present, and from Spain, to the Maritime Alps, to Germany, to the Mediterranean, to China, to East Asia. The historical and geographical variety of the cases serves to highlight the diversity of the meaning and function of connectivity in the constitution of novel spaces of governance.

Download or read book Semantics Noun Phrases and Verb Phrases written by Paul Portner and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain a deeper understanding of essential research on the semantics of noun phrases and verb phrases. Clear explanations of significant recent research bring complex issues to life, with expert guidance on topics of debate within the field. The book gives readers valuable insights into topics such as definiteness, specificity, genericity aspect, aktionsart and mood. It also discusses directions for future research. Written by a world-class team of authors, these highly cited articles are here in paperback for the first time since their original publication. An essential reference for researchers in the area.