Download or read book Epiphytic Lichen Diversity and Abundance Based on Forest Stand Type in Terra Nova National Park written by David Yetman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Patterns and Mechanisms of Epiphytic Macrolichen Abundance Diversity and Composition in Boreal Forest written by Samuel Fiifi Bartels and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Epiphytes are important components of the forest ecosystem, but the mechanisms that control epiphyte diversity are not clear. Epiphytes are sensitive to disturbance, but their responses to stand-replacing fire are poorly understood. Furthermore, despite increasing rates of logging in boreal forests, there is lack of understanding of the potential effects of logging relative to wildfire on epiphytic lichen abundance, diversity, and composition. The focus of this thesis was to: (1) identify the mechanisms that regulate epiphytic species diversity; (2) examine the responses of epiphytic macrolichen abundance, diversity, and composition to stand-replacing fire and multiple successional pathways of the canopy tree layer; (3) examine the temporal dynamics of epiphytic macrolichen cover, richness, and composition as affected by disturbance origin, time since disturbance, and forest type; and (4) examine the influence of time since disturbance and host tree species on the species dynamics of epiphytic macrolichens in the central boreal forest of Canada. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore possible mechanisms that regulate epiphytic species diversity and to develop a mechanistic framework to guide investigations of epiphyte assemblages.
Download or read book Ecology of Epiphytic Lichens in a Montane Spruce Forest written by Markus Hauck and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lichen Diversity on Stems Slash and Stumps in Managed Boreal Forests written by Alexandro Caruso and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diversity and Growth of Epiphytic Macrolichens in Northwestern Patagonian Nothofagus Forests written by Mayra S. Caldiz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on distribution and ecology of epiphytic lichens in Nothofagus forests of northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. The general aims were 1) to analyse diversity and abundance of epiphytic lichen vegetation in gradients of stand age and humidity and 2) to study growth rates and decomposition of important macrolichen species. Gradients in biomass and species diversity of epiphytic macrolichen communities are positively correlated to increasing annual precipitation. This pattern was particularly clear for the cyanolichen species of the genus Pseudocyphellaria. Lichen biomass and diversity increases with stand age but colonization of young stands is probably also influenced by the presence of remnant old trees and the distance to old-growth forest. In old-growth-forests, the nitrogen input by N-fixing cyanolichens can be significant, mostly due to the abundance of tripartite Pseudocyphellaria and Nephroma species. Surveys of trunks and litter provide supplementary information. However, future studies should also include surveys of canopy branches in order to give representative information on lichen abundance and diversity. Growth and decomposition showed a similar seasonal pattern with highest rates recorded during winter for all macrolichens analysed. Constantly humid conditions may favour both processes during the winter season. Annual growth rates of Pseudocyphellaria berberina showed a 10-20% increase in biomass. No differences in growth rates depending on transplanting method, phorophyte age or stand age could be found. It is concluded that limitations in dispersal or establishment are more important than stand microclimate for performance of P. berberina in post-fire stands. Cyanolichens with highest nitrogen content showed the lowest decomposition rates, contrary to what was expected. This supports the hypothesis of the presence of an anti-herbivore component in the Lobariaceae family in southern temperate forests. Post-fire sequences are well suited to study effects of disturbance on lichen distributions in Nothofagus forests. Further studies are needed to analyze the effect of gap size and remnant trees on recolonization of epiphytic lichens. Such information will be essential to predict effects of forestry in previously unmanaged forest landscapes.
Download or read book Epiphytic Macrolichens and Sedentary Birds written by Helen Uliczka and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distribution and Abundance of Epiphytic Lichens in Different Aged Forests and Stand Types of Clayquot Sound British Columbia written by Gail Hochachka and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epiphytic Lichen Diversity and Its Dependence on Chemical Site Factors in Differently Elevated Dieback affected Spruce Stands of the Harz Mountains written by Volker Hesse and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epiphytic lichen distribution on trunks of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and its dependency on chemical site factors were investigated. The study was carried out in montane woodlands of the Harz Mountains in Northern Germany. For investigating the influence of forest dieback on epiphytic lichen vegetation and on chemical site conditions, two boggy stands were selected. Within both stands tree vitality ranged from healthy to dead. Differences in tree vitality are assumed to be due to small-scale differences of ground-water levels, as Norway spruce is more susceptible to pollution-caused forest dieback when water logging occurs. Summarizing, there is strong evidence that forest-dieback promotes epiphytic lichen abundance due to reduced concentrations of atmospheric pollutants in stem flow. This applies to SO42- in particular. Furthermore, the importance of the factor soil is highlighted. Differences in epiphytic lichen vegetation between both stands are probably a result of between-stand differences in the concentrations of extractable Mn in the soil.
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems written by Aaron M. Ellison and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems that was published in Forests
Download or read book World Atlas of Biodiversity written by Brian Groombridge and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global biological diversity, ecosystem diversity.
Download or read book The Far North written by Elena I. Troeva and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-24 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outside Russia very little is known about the terrestrial ecology, vegetation, biogeographical patterns, and biodiversity of the enormously extensive ecosystems of Yakutia, Siberia. These systems are very special in that they function on top of huge layers of permafrost and are exposed to very severe and extreme weather conditions, the range between winter and summer temperatures being more than 100 degrees C. The soils are generally poor, and human use of the vegetation is usually extensive. Main vegetation zones are taiga and tundra, but Yakutia also supports a special land and vegetation form, caused by permafrost, the alas: more or less extensive grasslands around roundish lakes in taiga. All these vegetation types will be described and their ecology and ecophysiological characteristics will be dealt with. Because of the size of Yakutia, covering several climatic zones, and its extreme position on ecological gradients, Yakutia contains very interesting biogeographical patterns, which also will be described. Our analyses are drawn from many years of research in Yakutia and from a vast body of ecological and other literature in Russian publications and in unpublished local reports. The anthropogenic influence on the ecosystems will be dealt with. This includes the main activities of human interference with nature: forestry, extensive reindeer herding, cattle and horse grazing, etc. Also fire and other prominent ecological factors are dealt with. A very important point is also the very high degree of naturalness that is still extant in Yakutia’s main vegetation zones.
Download or read book Plant Ecology Herbivory and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests written by Frans E. Wielgolaski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-12 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work analyzes vegetation and soils, and investigates the influence of climate change, insect pests, grazing pressure by sheep and reindeer, construction of roads and other consequences of increasing tourism in the Nordic mountain birch forests.
Download or read book Forest Canopies written by Margaret Lowman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2004-09 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The treetops of the world's forests are where discovery and opportunity abound, however they have been relatively inaccessible until recently. This book represents an authoritative synthesis of data, anecdotes, case studies, observations, and recommendations from researchers and educators who have risked life and limb in their advocacy of the High Frontier. With innovative rope techniques, cranes, walkways, dirigibles, and towers, they finally gained access to the rich biodiversity that lives far above the forest floor and the emerging science of canopy ecology. In this new edition of Forest Canopies, nearly 60 scientists and educators from around the world look at the biodiversity, ecology, evolution, and conservation of forest canopy ecosystems. Comprehensive literature list State-of-the-art results and data sets from current field work Foremost scientists in the field of canopy ecology Expanded collaboration of researchers and international projects User-friendly format with sidebars and case studies Keywords and outlines for each chapter
Download or read book Urban Air Pollution and Forests written by Mark E. Fenn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, roughly half of the world's population lives in urban centers. There are now more than 20 cities with a population of over 10 million inhabitants, compared to less than 5 about 50 years ago. This tendency toward urbanization is expected to continue, particularly in the developing world. A consequence of this growing trend is that millions of people are being exposed to harmful levels of urban air pollutants caused mainly by emissions from motor vehicles and from industrial and domestic activities involving the combustion of fossil fuels. The driving force for the design and implementation of emission control strate gies aimed at improving air quality has been the protection of the health of the population in urban centers. There are, however, other consequences of the pres ence of air pollutants besides the direct effect on human health. Reduced visibil ity, damage to monuments and buildings, and many other such consequences indirectly affect our quality of life. Another set of consequences involves damage to ecological systems. In fact, the nature of "photochemical smog" was first uncovered in the 1950s in connection with observations of its harmful effects on crops and plants in the vicinity of Los Angeles.
Download or read book Patterns and Processes in Forest Landscapes written by Raffaele Lafortezza and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-30 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing evidence suggests that the composition and spatial configuration – the pattern – of forest landscapes affect many ecological processes, including the movement and persistence of particular species, the susceptibility and spread of disturbances such as fires or pest outbreaks, and the redistribution of matter and nutrients. Understanding these issues is key to the successful management of complex, multifunctional forest landscapes, and landscape ecology, based on a foundation of island bio-geography and meta-population dynamic theories, provides the rationale to deal with this pattern-to-process interaction at different spatial and temporal scales. This carefully edited volume represents a stimulating addition to the international literature on landscape ecology and resource management. It provides key insights into some of the applicable landscape ecological theories that underlie forest management, with a specific focus on how forest management can benefit from landscape ecology, and how landscape ecology can be advanced by tackling challenging problems in forest (landscape) management. It also presents a series of case studies from Europe, Asia, North America, Africa and Australia exploring the issues of disturbance, diversity, management, and scale, and with a specific focus on how human intervention affects forest landscapes and, in turn, how landscapes influence humans and their culture. An important reference for advanced students and researchers in landscape ecology, conservation biology, forest ecology, natural resource management and ecology across multiple scales, the book will also appeal to researchers and practitioners in reserve design, ecological restoration, forest management, landscape planning and landscape architecture.
Download or read book Introduction to Bryophytes written by Alain Vanderpoorten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-05-28 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bryophytes were a pivotal step in land plant evolution, and their significance in the regulation of ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity is becoming increasingly acknowledged. This introductory textbook assumes no prior knowledge of bryophyte biology, making it ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as amateur botanists. The authors expertly summarise the diversity of bryophytes and outline recent advances in our understanding of their evolutionary history, their ecological roles and preferences, their distribution patterns and conservation needs. The text is highly illustrated throughout, with boxed summaries of topics of current relevance in bryophyte biology, and a glossary of technical terms.
Download or read book Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin Current Situation and Risks for the Future First Mediterranean Assessment Report written by Mediterranean Experts on Climate and environmental Change (MedECC) and published by MedECC. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First Mediterranean Assessment Report (MAR1) prepared by the independent network of Mediterranean Experts on Climate and environmental Change (MedECC) founded in 2015 was published in November 2020. MAR1 assesses the best available scientific knowledge on climate and environmental change and associated risks in the Mediterranean Basin in order to render it accessible to policymakers, stakeholders and citizens. The report has been written by 190 scientists from 25 countries, all contributing in individual capacity and without financial compensation. The report includes a Summary for Policymakers (SPM), which comprises the key messages of the MAR1. The UNEP/MAP – Barcelona Convention Secretariat, through its Plan Bleu Regional Activity Center, and the Secretariat of the Union for the Mediterranean work in partnership to support MedECC, and to contribute to establish a sound and transparent scientific assessment process.
