Download or read book Epidemiological Tools for Cost effective Detection and Control of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds written by Saraya Tavornpanich and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epidemiology Detection and Milk Production Effects of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis on California Dairies written by Sharif Shafik Aly and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Johne's disease is a granulomatous enteritis of cattle caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Interest in Johne's is promoted by reports of decreased milk production, however, most publications were cross-sectional. The longitudinal studies available lack an assessment of confounding and model the standard lactation curve rather than that expressed by each cow. For the first study, mixed models based on causal diagrams were used to estimate the association between MAP and milk production, using cow-specific splines. Compared to test-negative cows, MAP seropositive and shedding cows produced 2.5 and 2.2 Kg less of milk per day, respectively. Environmental sampling and pooled fecal culture were used to identify super-shedders, cows that shed MAP in tens of thousands per gram of feces. The objective was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies to identify super-shedders such as ranking pens on a dairy by MAP bioburden using environmental samples. Subsequently, cows in high MAP bioburden pens would be tested. Results of the second study found that the reliability of environmental sampling across collectors and over 5 days was excellent (81%) and good (67%), respectively. Due to routine moving of cows between pens for management purposes, pen rankings must be available within 2-3 days. The availability of quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) made it possible to quantify MAP in samples within days compared to weeks using culture. Results of the third study found good correlation between assays for pooled and environmental samples ( -0.66 and -0.76, respectively) and a non-linear association between results of both assays that differed in magnitude between fresh and thawed samples. A whole herd test was conducted including combinations of serum or milk ELISA, qrt-PCR or culture of environmental, individual or pooled fecal samples. Results of all the tests were used to simulate 15 diagnostic strategies to detect super-shedders on a large dairy and estimate their cost-effectiveness. A whole herd qrt-PCR survey sample was the most sensitive (80%) of all 15 strategies. The most cost-effective strategy was to rank milking pens by MAP bioburden, ELISA test milk of cows in high MAP bioburden pens, followed by qrt-PCR testing of ELISA positive cows.
Download or read book Modelling the Transmission of and Effectiveness of Control Measures for Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds written by Clara Marcé and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paratuberculosis is a worldwide incurable disease of ruminants resulting in a decrease in milk production and slaughter value. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the epidemiological and economic effectiveness of selected control programmes in infected dairy herds. A stochastic simulation model has been developed to represent both the population dynamics within a dairy herd and the transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). It has been coupled to an existing bioeconomic model. The spontaneous within-herd progression of Map infection after the introduction of one infected cattle in an initially susceptible herd was studied in the absence of control measure. The effect of within-herd contacts on Map spread in a persistently infected herd was investigated. The cost-effectiveness of test-and-cull strategies to control Map infection in dairy herds was assessed. Simulation outcomes put forward that, even when no control measure is implemented, fadeout can occur if less than two clinically affected animals are present. In persistently infected herds, the two main transmission routes are transmission via the environment of the farm and in utero transmission. Isolating calves from their herd mates during the first weeks of age has no significant impact on Map transmission. Limiting or delaying calf exposure to adult faeces and early culling of clinically affected adults are thus recommended to decrease Map prevalence in infected dairy herds. Systematic test-and-cull appears cost-effective if implemented from the day one infected cattle is introduced. The tool designed here is flexible and enables studying other control options within a dairy herd.
Download or read book Epidemiologic Investigations of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Infections in Ohio Dairy Herds written by Alecia Larew Naugle and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The development of effective control programs for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease, requires a complete understanding of the epidemiology of this agent in animal populations. The research described herein addresses several aspects of the epidemiology of this infection in dairy cattle. Fecal culture and ELISA results collected from nine Ohio dairy herds involved in Johne's disease testing programs are described, and likelihood ratios for multiple levels of ELISA S/P ratios are calculated using these test records. The likelihood ratios calculated here suggest that the quantitative use of ELISA S/P ratios to predict the infection status of an individual cow from a MAP-infected dairy herd provides the most confidence when S/P ratios are considerably higher than the manufacturer's recommended cut-off value. A prospective study of 55 Ohio dairy herds evaluated the relationships between farm management practices, milk production parameters and fecal cortisol levels. The influence of herd MAP-infection status on fecal cortisol levels was also assessed. Herd, management groups within herds and time of sample collection appear to significantly influence fecal cortisol levels; however, few specific management practices or milk production parameters that consistently influence these values were identified. Production data for individual dairy cows were matched with results for MAP tests in order to compare testday production parameters between cows that were test-positive relative to those that were test-negative for both the ELISA and fecal culture. On a given testday, significant losses in milk production were identified for both fecal culture and ELISA-positive cows relative to test-negative cows. These observations provide additional information for dairy producers to consider as they make culling decisions regarding MAP test-positive cows. Finally, a mail survey comparing the adoption of management practices recommended for Johne's disease control between Ohio dairy herds involved in testing programs relative to those herds that were not testing is described. Results of this survey demonstrate that, even if a producer believed his/her herd was not infected, participation in a testing program was associated with the adoption of management practices recommended for Johne's disease control.
Download or read book Diagnosis and Control of Johne s Disease written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-08-13 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Johne's Disease is a chronic, progressive intestinal disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) that affects primarily ruminant animals. In recent decades there has been growing concern over the lack of effective control of this disease and questions have arisen regarding the possibility that Map infection could be a cause of some cases of Crohn's disease in humans. This report presents a broad outline of the steps that should be taken to control Johne's disease, reduce the spread of Map, and minimize effects of the disease in animals. The report also describes the weaknesses of our current research agenda and provides recommendations for a new research strategy to resolve the question of whether there is a link between Johne's and Crohn's diseases.
Download or read book Animal Disease Surveillance and Survey Systems written by M. D. Salman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable text presents methods and techniques for conducting an animal disease surveillance program, and developing an animal health moitoring system. The text is a 'recipe book' for these techniques as it explains modern techniques, while emphasizing the fundamentals and principles of using these techniques.The book is targeted to epidemiologists and other animal health authorities who are working in national, regional, and international programs. The book can be used as a text for professional and postgraduate training curricula. This text will be of value in veterinary epidemiology and regulatory medicine, where there is need for a concise collection of material on animal disease monitoring, surveillance, and reporting strategies. This need arises from a new era of international trade regulations based on animal diseases, new demands for accountability in utilization of research funds, and calls for prioritizing and economically justifying animal health regulatory and diagnostic activities.
Download or read book Dairy 2002 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Textbook of Rabbit Medicine E Book written by Molly Varga and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-08-19 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Textbook of Rabbit Medicine second edition is the completely revised and updated new edition of Frances Harcourt Brown’s acclaimed text covering all aspects of rabbit medicine. While the authoritative and evidence-based approach that made the original book so successful has been retained, in this new second edition well-known rabbit expert Molly Varga adds a stronger clinical focus that makes the Textbook invaluable as a point-of-care resource as well as a respected reference. With many additional features introduced for this update, the Textbook of Rabbit Medicine second edition remains the definitive and comprehensive reference of choice for all veterinary practitioners seeking information on the pet rabbit. Comprehensive, in-depth and authoritative coverage of the health and diseases of the domestic rabbit Detailed and explicit line artwork provides a clear understanding of physiological processes A practical, evidence-based resource for the effective treatment of pet rabbits. Entire text reviewed and updated by a leading expert, with major revision of therapeutics, anaesthesia, abscesses and neurology chapters. New clinical emphasis with clinical tips boxes throughout the text increase its practical focus Ancillary website presents clips of key procedures, an image library and podcasts Completely redesigned with more user-friendly text layout and full colour throughout. Many more illustrations specially commissioned for this edition
Download or read book Bayesian Ideas and Data Analysis written by Ronald Christensen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-07-07 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing the use of WinBUGS and R to analyze real data, Bayesian Ideas and Data Analysis: An Introduction for Scientists and Statisticians presents statistical tools to address scientific questions. It highlights foundational issues in statistics, the importance of making accurate predictions, and the need for scientists and statisticians to collaborate in analyzing data. The WinBUGS code provided offers a convenient platform to model and analyze a wide range of data. The first five chapters of the book contain core material that spans basic Bayesian ideas, calculations, and inference, including modeling one and two sample data from traditional sampling models. The text then covers Monte Carlo methods, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. After discussing linear structures in regression, it presents binomial regression, normal regression, analysis of variance, and Poisson regression, before extending these methods to handle correlated data. The authors also examine survival analysis and binary diagnostic testing. A complementary chapter on diagnostic testing for continuous outcomes is available on the book’s website. The last chapter on nonparametric inference explores density estimation and flexible regression modeling of mean functions. The appropriate statistical analysis of data involves a collaborative effort between scientists and statisticians. Exemplifying this approach, Bayesian Ideas and Data Analysis focuses on the necessary tools and concepts for modeling and analyzing scientific data. Data sets and codes are provided on a supplemental website.
Download or read book Zoonotic Tuberculosis written by Charles O. Thoen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonotic Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium bovis and Other Pathogenic Mycobacteria, Third Edition is a comprehensive review of the state of the art in the control and elimination of infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in animals and humans. This update to the most complete and current reference available on Mycobacterium bovis includes new coverage of the latest molecular techniques; more information on human infection and One Health; updates to the information on the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD), the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Tuberculosis Eradication Program; and coverage of additional African countries. The Third Edition upholds the book’s reputation as a truly global resource on M. bovis. Written by an international list of tuberculosis experts, chapters cover the status of tuberculosis in many regions throughout the world and deal with issues related to the detection, spread, and control of Mycobacterium bovis, as well as the economic impact of outbreaks. Zoonotic Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium bovis and Other Pathogenic Mycobacteria offers valuable information for public health officials, medical doctors, state and federal regulatory veterinarians, veterinary practitioners, and animal caretakers.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bovine Reproduction written by Richard M. Hopper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 2206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Reproduction is a comprehensive, current reference providing information on all aspects of reproduction in the bull and cow. Offering fundamental knowledge on evaluating and restoring fertility in the bovine patient, the book also places information in the context of herd health where appropriate for a truly global view of bovine theriogenology. Printed in full color throughout, the book includes 83 chapters and more than 550 images, making it the most exhaustive reference available on this topic. Each section covers anatomy and physiology, breeding management, and reproductive surgery, as well as obstetrics and pregnancy wastage in the cow. Bovine Reproduction is a welcome resource for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, and animal scientists, as well as veterinary students and residents with an interest in the cow.
Download or read book Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-09-29 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food safety regulators face a daunting task: crafting food safety performance standards and systems that continue in the tradition of using the best available science to protect the health of the American public, while working within an increasingly antiquated and fragmented regulatory framework. Current food safety standards have been set over a period of years and under diverse circumstances, based on a host of scientific, legal, and practical constraints. Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food lays the groundwork for creating new regulations that are consistent, reliable, and ensure the best protection for the health of American consumers. This book addresses the biggest concerns in food safetyâ€"including microbial disease surveillance plans, tools for establishing food safety criteria, and issues specific to meat, dairy, poultry, seafood, and produce. It provides a candid analysis of the problems with the current system, and outlines the major components of the task at hand: creating workable, streamlined food safety standards and practices.
Download or read book Genomics and Biotechnological Advances in Veterinary Poultry and Fisheries written by Yashpal Singh Malik and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomics and Biotechnological Advances in Veterinary, Poultry, and Fisheries is a comprehensive reference for animal biotechnologists, veterinary clinicians, fishery scientists, and anyone who needs to understand the latest advances in the field of next generation sequencing and genomic editing in animals and fish. This essential reference provides information on genomics and the advanced technologies used to enhance the production and management of farm and pet animals, commercial and non-commercial birds, and aquatic animals used for food and research purposes. This resource will help the animal biotechnology research community understand the latest knowledge and trends in this field. - Presents biological applications of cattle, poultry, marine and animal pathogen genomics - Discusses the relevance of biomarkers to improve farm animals and fishery - Includes recent approaches in cloning and transgenic cattle, poultry and fish production
Download or read book Llama and Alpaca Care E Book written by Chris Cebra and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-02-15 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for the mixed practice large animal veterinarian, veterinary students, and camelid caretakers alike, Llama and Alpaca Care covers all major body systems, herd health, physical examination, nutrition, reproduction, surgery, anesthesia, and multisystem diseases of llamas and alpacas. Written by world-renowned camelid specialists and experts in the field, this comprehensive and uniquely global text offers quick access to the most current knowledge in this area. With coverage ranging from basic maintenance such as restraint and handling to more complex topics including anesthesia and surgery, this text provides the full range of knowledge required for the management of llamas and alpacas. "..an essential text for anyone working with South American camelids." Reviewed by Claire E. Whitehead on behalf of Veterinary Record, July 2015 Over 500 full-color images provide detailed, highly illustrated coverage of all major body systems, physical examination, nutrition, anesthesia, fluid therapy, multisystem diseases, and surgical disorders. World-renowned camelid experts and specialists in the field each bring a specific area of expertise for a uniquely global text. Comprehensive herd health content includes handling techniques, vaccinations, biosecurity, and protecting the herd from predators. Coverage of anesthesia and analgesia includes the latest information on pharmacokinetics of anesthetic drugs, chemical restraint, injectable and inhalation anesthesia, neuroanesthesia, and pain management. Reproduction section contains information on breeding management, lactation, infertility, and embryo transfer. Nutrition information offers detailed nutritional requirements and discusses feeding management systems and feeding behavior.
Download or read book New Frontiers of Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases written by Serge Morand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular epidemiology has recently broaden its focuses due to the development of molecular tools but also by incorporating advances of other fields such as mathematical epidemiology, molecular ecology, population genetics and evolution. Facing new risks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that are threats for humans and their livestock, the objectives of molecular epidemiology include: - the development of molecular tools, genotyping and gene expression - the incorporation of concepts and results of population genetics of infectious diseases - the integration of recent advances in theoretical epidemiology and evolutionary ecology of diseases - a better understanding of transmission for the development of risk factors analyses. This book will demonstrate how the latest developments in molecular tools and in epidemiology can be integrated with studies of host-pathogen interactions. Besides a strong theoretical component, there will also be an emphasis on applications in the fields of epidemiology, public health, veterinary medicine, and health ecology. Students and researchers in the fields of epidemiology, animal and human health, evolutionary ecology, parasitology are the main potential readers of the book, as well as a broader audience from veterinary medicine and conservation.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Food Safety written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 2356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the world’s growing population, the provision of a safe, nutritious and wholesome food supply for all has become a major challenge. To achieve this, effective risk management based on sound science and unbiased information is required by all stakeholders, including the food industry, governments and consumers themselves. In addition, the globalization of the food supply requires the harmonization of policies and standards based on a common understanding of food safety among authorities in countries around the world. With some 280 chapters, the Encyclopedia of Food Safety provides unbiased and concise overviews which form in total a comprehensive coverage of a broad range of food safety topics, which may be grouped under the following general categories: History and basic sciences that support food safety; Foodborne diseases, including surveillance and investigation; Foodborne hazards, including microbiological and chemical agents; Substances added to food, both directly and indirectly; Food technologies, including the latest developments; Food commodities, including their potential hazards and controls; Food safety management systems, including their elements and the roles of stakeholders. The Encyclopedia provides a platform for experts from the field of food safety and related fields, such as nutrition, food science and technology and environment to share and learn from state-of-the art expertise with the rest of the food safety community. Assembled with the objective of facilitating the work of those working in the field of food safety and related fields, such as nutrition, food science and technology and environment - this work covers the entire spectrum of food safety topics into one comprehensive reference work The Editors have made every effort to ensure that this work meets strict quality and pedagogical thresholds such as: contributions by the foremost authorities in their fields; unbiased and concise overviews on a multitude of food safety subjects; references for further information, and specialized and general definitions for food safety terminology In maintaining confidence in the safety of the food supply, sound scientific information is key to effectively and efficiently assessing, managing and communicating on food safety risks. Yet, professionals and other specialists working in this multidisciplinary field are finding it increasingly difficult to keep up with developments outside their immediate areas of expertise. This single source of concise, reliable and authoritative information on food safety has, more than ever, become a necessity
