Download or read book EPA Protection of Drinking Water from Injection of Fluids Used in Oil and Gas Production written by Courtney D. Walsh and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day in the United States, at least 2 billion gallons of fluids are injected into over 172,000 wells to enhance oil and gas production, or to dispose of fluids brought to the surface during the extraction of oil and gas resources. These wells are subject to regulation to protect drinking water sources under EPA's UIC class II program and approved state class II programs. Because much of the population relies on underground sources for drinking water, these wells have raised concerns about the safety of the nation's drinking water. This book examines EPA and state roles, responsibilities, and resources for the program; safeguards to protect drinking water; EPA oversight and enforcement of class II programs; and the reliability of program data for reporting. GAO reviewed federal and state laws and regulations.
Download or read book Drinking Water written by J. Alfredo Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-06 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day in the U.S., at least 2 billion gallons of fluids are injected into over 172,000 wells to enhance oil and gas production, or to dispose of fluids brought to the surface during the extraction of oil and gas resources. These wells are subject to regulation to protect drinking water sources under the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Underground Injection Control (UIC) class II program and approved state class II programs. Because much of the population relies on underground sources for drinking water, these wells have raised concerns about the safety of the nation's drinking water. This report examines (1) EPA and state roles, responsibilities, and resources for the program; (2) safeguards to protect drinking water; (3) EPA oversight and enforcement of class II programs; and (4) the reliability of program data for reporting. Tables and figures. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Drinking Water written by United States Government Accountability and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day in the United States, at least 2 billion gallons of fluids are injected into over 172,000 wells to enhance oil and gas production, or to dispose of fluids brought to the surface during the extraction of oil and gas resources. These wells are subject to regulation to protect drinking water sources under EPA's UIC class II program and approved state class II programs. Because much of the population relies on underground sources for drinking water, these wells have raised concerns about the safety of the nation's drinking water. GAO was asked to review EPA's oversight of the class II program. This report examines (1) EPA and state roles, responsibilities, and resources for the program, (2) safeguards to protect drinking water, (3) EPA oversight and enforcement of class II programs, and (4) the reliability of program data for reporting. GAO reviewed federal and state laws and regulations. GAO interviewed EPA and state officials and reviewed class II programs from a nongeneralizable sample of eight states selected on the basis of shale oil and gas regions and the highest number of class II wells.
Download or read book Drinking Water written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-12-16 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DRINKING WATER: EPA Program to Protect Underground Sources from Injection of Fluids from Oil and Gas Production Needs Improvement
Download or read book The Safe Drinking Water Act written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protecting drinking water through underground injection control drinking water pocket guide 2 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-08-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.
Download or read book Class I underground injection control program study of the risks associated with class I underground injection wells written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bjovulfs kvadet written by and published by . This book was released on 1815 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drinking Water written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-26 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 2000s, increased oil and gas production has resulted in an increase in wastewater that must be managed properly. The majority of wastewater from oil and gas production is injected into underground wells known as class II wells. These wells are regulated to protect drinking water sources under EPA's UIC class II well program and approved state class II programs. EPA oversees state programs, and EPA regions manage programs in states without approval. GAO was asked to review EPA's oversight of programs' inspection and enforcement information and activities. This report examines the extent to which EPA has collected inspection and enforcement information and conducted oversight activities needed to assess that class II programs protect underground sources of drinking water. GAO reviewed federal and state laws and regulations and EPA guidance and analyzed a nongeneralizable sample of significant violations. GAO interviewed EPA and state officials from programs in a nongeneralizable sample of eight states selected based on shale oil and gas regions, among other factors.
Download or read book Quality Criteria for Water 1986 written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Regulations and Standards and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Section 304(a) (1) of the Clean Water Act 33 U.S.C. 1314(a) (1) requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to publish and periodically update ambient water quality criteria. These criteria are to accurately reflect the latest scientific knowledge (a) on the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on health and welfare including, but not limited to, plankton, fish shellfish, wildlife, plant life, shorelines, beaches, aesthetics, and recreation which may be expected from the presence of pollutants in any body of water including ground water; (b) on the concentration and dispersal of pollutants, or their byproducts, through biological, physical, and chemical processes; and (c) on the effects of pollutants on biological community diversity, productivity, and stability, including information on the factors affecting rates of eutrophication and organic and inorganic sedimentation for varying types of receiving waters. In a continuing effort to provide those who use EPA's water quality and human health criteria with up-to-date criteria values and associated information, the document was assembled. The document includes summaries of all the contaminants for which EPA has developed criteria recommendations.
Download or read book Well Completion Design written by Jonathan Bellarby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-04-13 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completions are the conduit between hydrocarbon reservoirs and surface facilities. They are a fundamental part of any hydrocarbon field development project. The have to be designed for safely maximising the hydrocarbon recovery from the well and may have to last for many years under ever changing conditions. Issues include: connection with the reservoir rock, avoiding sand production, selecting the correct interval, pumps and other forms of artificial lift, safety and integrity, equipment selection and installation and future well interventions. Course book based on course well completion design by TRACS International Unique in its field: Coverage of offshore, subsea, and landbased completions in all of the major hydrocarbon basins of the world Full colour
Download or read book How to Effectively Recover Free Product at Leaking Underground Storage Tank Sites written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Permitting Guidance for Oil and Gas Hydraulic Fracturing Activities Using Diesel Fuels written by U. S. Environmental U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-15 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidance provides technical recommendations for protecting underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) from potential endangerment posed by hydraulic fracturing (HF) activities where diesel fuels are used. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed this guidance for EPA permit writers to ensure protection of USDWs in accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulatory authority. This authority is limited to when diesel fuels are used in fluids or propping agents pursuant to oil, gas and geothermal activities. This document does not establish any new permitting requirements for HF activities using diesel fuels, but describes the EPA's interpretation of existing legal requirements as well as non-binding recommendations for EPA permit writers to consider in applying UIC Class II1 regulations to HF when diesel fuels are used in fracturing fluids or propping agents. This document does not address geothermal activities. The EPA expects that EPA UIC Program Directors, and the permit writers acting on their behalf, will follow the interpretation of the statutory term "diesel fuels" presented in this guidance document. They should also consider, although are not required to follow, the recommendations reflected in this guidance on how to apply the Class II regulations to HF activities using diesel fuels when issuing permits for such activities under the federal UIC Program. Recommendations are consistent with the discretion accorded under the existing UIC Class II regulations, and reflect existing UIC requirements for other well classes, voluntary industry standards, state rules, and other model guidelines for HF. However, permit writers, acting on behalf of the UIC Director have the discretion to consider alternative approaches that are consistent with statutory and regulatory requirements. Decisions about permitting HF operations that use diesel fuels will be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the facts and circumstances of the specific injection activity and applicable statutes, regulations and case law. Under the 2005 amendments to the SDWA, a UIC Class II permit must be obtained prior to conducting the underground injection of diesel fuels for hydraulic fracturing. The EPA, where it directly implements the program, as well as states and tribes with primary enforcement authority, must issue a Class II permit prior to the injection of diesel fuels in the HF fluid or propping agents. The primary audience for these technical recommendations is the EPA Regional offices directly implementing the existing UIC Class II Program requirements (40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) parts 124 and 144 through 147). Stakeholders and the public have recognized the importance of safely and responsibly managing unconventional oil and gas development, including hydraulic fracturing. Many states have updated their oil and gas regulations and a variety of organizations have developed model guidelines and best practices. The EPA engaged with states, tribes, industry, and other stakeholders during the development of this document and reviewed best practices available at the time. The EPA used information from these efforts to inform this guidance for the UIC program.
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing and Safe Drinking Water Act Issues written by Mary Tiemann and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-07-28 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing is a technique developed initially to stimulate oil production from wells in declining oil reservoirs. More recently, it has been used to initiate oil and gas production in unconventional (i.e., low-permeability) reservoirs where these resources were previously inaccessible. This process now is used in more than 90% of new oil and gas production wells. However, the rapidly increasing and geographically expanding use of fracturing, along with a growing number of citizen complaints and state investigations of well water contamination attributed to this practice, has led to calls for greater state and/or federal environmental regulation and oversight of this activity. In 1997, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit ruled that fracturing for coalbed methane (CBM) production in Alabama constituted underground injection and must be regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). This report reviews past and proposed treatment of hydraulic fracturing under the SDWA, the principal federal statute for regulating the underground injection of fluids to protect groundwater sources of drinking water. It reviews current SDWA provisions for regulating underground injection activities, and discusses some possible implications of, and issues associated with, enactment of legislation authorizing EPA to regulate hydraulic fracturing under this statute.
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides NOx why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crs Report for Congress written by Congressional Research Service: The Libr and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key drinking water issues in the 109th Congress have included problems caused by specific contaminants, such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and perchlorate, as well as the related issue of the appropriate federal role in providing financial assistance for water infrastructure projects. Congress last reauthorized the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 1996, and although funding authority for most SDWA programs expired in FY2003, broad reauthorization bills have not been proposed, as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), states, and water systems remain busy implementing the 1996 amendments. In the first session of the 109th Congress, Congress passed the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58, H.R. 6), which authorizes appropriations from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund specifically for EPA and states to address releases of MTBE. It also imposes new leak prevention requirements on EPA, states, and underground storage tank owners to better protect sources of drinking water. Section 322 of the energy act amended SDWA to preclude EPA from regulating the underground injection of fluids (other than diesel fuel) into drinking water sources for hydraulic fracturing purposes related to oil, gas, and geothermal production. Concerns about perchlorate in drinking water returned to the congressional agenda, after ...
