Download or read book Enzymatic Ligation Creates Discrete Multi Nanoparticle Building Blocks for Self Assembly written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymatic ligation of discrete nanoparticle?DNA conjugates creates nanoparticle dimer and trimer structures in which the nanoparticles are linked by single-stranded DNA, rather than double-stranded DNA as in previous experiments. Ligation is verified by agarose gel and small-angle X-ray scattering. This capability is utilized in two ways: first to create a new class of multiparticle building blocks for nanoscale self-assembly; second to develop a system which can amplify a population of discrete nanoparticle assemblies.
Download or read book Comprehensive Nanoscience and Technology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-10-29 with total page 2785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Introduction: Nanotechnology and its underpinning sciences are progressing with unprecedented rapidity. With technical advances in a variety of nanoscale fabrication and manipulation technologies, the whole topical area is maturing into a vibrant field that is generating new scientific research and a burgeoning range of commercial applications, with an annual market already at the trillion dollar threshold. The means of fabricating and controlling matter on the nanoscale afford striking and unprecedented opportunities to exploit a variety of exotic phenomena such as quantum, nanophotonic and nanoelectromechanical effects. Moreover, researchers are elucidating new perspectives on the electronic and optical properties of matter because of the way that nanoscale materials bridge the disparate theories describing molecules and bulk matter. Surface phenomena also gain a greatly increased significance; even the well-known link between chemical reactivity and surface-to-volume ratio becomes a major determinant of physical properties, when it operates over nanoscale dimensions. Against this background, this comprehensive work is designed to address the need for a dynamic, authoritative and readily accessible source of information, capturing the full breadth of the subject. Its six volumes, covering a broad spectrum of disciplines including material sciences, chemistry, physics and life sciences, have been written and edited by an outstanding team of international experts. Addressing an extensive, cross-disciplinary audience, each chapter aims to cover key developments in a scholarly, readable and critical style, providing an indispensible first point of entry to the literature for scientists and technologists from interdisciplinary fields. The work focuses on the major classes of nanomaterials in terms of their synthesis, structure and applications, reviewing nanomaterials and their respective technologies in well-structured and comprehensive articles with extensive cross-references. It has been a constant surprise and delight to have found, amongst the rapidly escalating number who work in nanoscience and technology, so many highly esteemed authors willing to contribute. Sharing our anticipation of a major addition to the literature, they have also captured the excitement of the field itself in each carefully crafted chapter. Along with our painstaking and meticulous volume editors, full credit for the success of this enterprise must go to these individuals, together with our thanks for (largely) adhering to the given deadlines. Lastly, we record our sincere thanks and appreciation for the skills and professionalism of the numerous Elsevier staff who have been involved in this project, notably Fiona Geraghty, Megan Palmer and Greg Harris, and especially Donna De Weerd-Wilson who has steered it through from its inception. We have greatly enjoyed working with them all, as we have with each other.
Download or read book Handbook of Nanofabrication written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-05-25 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the devices and systems used in modern industry are becoming progressively smaller and have reached the nanoscale domain. Nanofabrication aims at building nanoscale structures, which can act as components, devices, or systems, in large quantities at potentially low cost. Nanofabrication is vital to all nanotechnology fields, especially for the realization of nanotechnology that involves the traditional areas across engineering and science. - Includes chapters covering the most important Nanofabrication techniques, which aids comprehensive understanding of the latest manufacturing technologies encountered in the field of nano-level manufacturing which is essential for preparing for advanced study and application in nanofabrication techniques by enabling thorough understanding of the entire nanofabrication process as it applies to advanced electronic and related manufacturing technologies - Each chapter covers a nanofabrication technique comprehensively, which allows the reader to learn to produce nanometer-level products as well as collect, process, and analyze data, improve process parameters, and how to assist engineers in research, development and manufacture of the same - Includes contributions from recognized experts from around the globe, making the reader aware of variations in similar techniques applied in different geographical locations and is better positioned to establish all possible global applications
Download or read book Fundamentals of Nanoparticles written by Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Nanoparticles: Classifications, Synthesis Methods, Properties and Characterization explores the nanoparticles and architecture of nanostructured materials being used today in a comprehensive, detailed manner. This book focuses primarily on the characterization, properties and synthesis of nanoscale materials, and is divided into three major parts. This is a valuable reference for materials scientists, and chemical and mechanical engineers working in R&D and academia, who want to learn more about how nanoparticles and nanomaterials are characterized and engineered. Part one covers nanoparticles formation, self-assembly in the architecture nanostructures, types and classifications of nanoparticles, and signature physical and chemical properties, toxicity and regulations. Part two presents different ways to form nanometer particles, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, the classical and non-classical theories of nanoparticles formation and self-assembly, surface functionalization and other surface treatments to allow practical use. Part three covers characterization of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials, including the determination of size and shape, in addition to atomic and electronic structures and other important properties. - Includes new physical and chemical techniques for the synthesis of nanoparticles and architecture nanostructures - Features an in-depth treatment of nanoparticles and nanostructures, including their characterization and chemical and physical properties - Explores the unusual properties of materials that are developed by modifying their shape and composition and by manipulating the arrangement of atoms and molecules - Explains important techniques for the synthesis, fabrication and the characterization of complex nano-architectures
Download or read book Nanocrystal Bioassembly written by Shelley Ann Claridge and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanocrystal Bioassembly written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research at the interface between biomolecules and inorganic nanocrystals has resulted in a great number of new discoveries. In part this arises from the synergistic duality of the system: biomolecules may act as self-assembly agents for organizing inorganic nanocrystals into functional materials; alternatively, nanocrystals may act as microscopic or spectroscopic labels for elucidating the behavior of complex biomolecular systems. However, success in either of these functions relies heavily uponthe ability to control the conjugation and assembly processes. In the work presented here, we first design a branched DNA scaffold which allows hybridization of DNA-nanocrystal monoconjugates to form discrete assemblies. Importantly, the asymmetry of the branched scaffold allows the formation of asymmetric2assemblies of nanocrystals. In the context of a self-assembled device, this can be considered a step toward the ability to engineer functionally distinct inputs and outputs. Next we develop an anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography purification method which allows large gold nanocrystals attached to single strands of very short DNA to be purified. When two such complementary conjugates are hybridized, the large nanocrystals are brought into close proximity, allowing their plasmon resonances to couple. Such plasmon-coupled constructs are of interest both as optical interconnects for nanoscale devices and as 'plasmon ruler? biomolecular probes. We then present an enzymatic ligation strategy for creating multi-nanoparticle building blocks for self-assembly. In constructing a nanoscale device, such a strategy would allow pre-assembly and purification of components; these constructs can also act as multi-label probes of single-stranded DNA conformational dynamics. Finally we demonstrate a simple proof-of-concept of a nanoparticle analog of the polymerase chain reaction.
Download or read book Metallic and Molecular Interactions in Nanometer Layers Pores and Particles written by Jürgen-Hinrich Fuhrhop and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws together the published material on nanochemistry from 2005-2008, choosing each important element of the periodic table, summarising relevant general properties and then detailing the findings.
Download or read book Self Assembly written by Ramanathan Nagarajan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-03 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the state-of-the-art of the diverse self-assembly systems Self-Assembly: From Surfactants to Nanoparticles provides an effective entry for new researchers into this exciting field while also giving the state of the art assessment of the diverse self-assembling systems for those already engaged in this research. Over the last twenty years, self-assembly has emerged as a distinct science/technology field, going well beyond the classical surfactant and block copolymer molecules, and encompassing much larger and complex molecular, biomolecular and nanoparticle systems. Within its ten chapters, each contributed by pioneers of the respective research topics, the book: Discusses the fundamental physical chemical principles that govern the formation and properties of self-assembled systems Describes important experimental techniques to characterize the properties of self-assembled systems, particularly the nature of molecular organization and structure at the nano, meso or micro scales. Provides the first exhaustive accounting of self-assembly derived from various kinds of biomolecules including peptides, DNA and proteins. Outlines methods of synthesis and functionalization of self-assembled nanoparticles and the further self-assembly of the nanoparticles into one, two or three dimensional materials. Explores numerous potential applications of self-assembled structures including nanomedicine applications of drug delivery, imaging, molecular diagnostics and theranostics, and design of materials to specification such as smart responsive materials and self-healing materials. Highlights the unifying as well as contrasting features of self-assembly, as we move from surfactant molecules to nanoparticles. Written for students and academic and industrial scientists and engineers, by pioneers of the research field, Self-Assembly: From Surfactants to Nanoparticles is a comprehensive resource on diverse self-assembly systems, that is simultaneously introductory as well as the state of the art.
Download or read book Handbook of Photonics for Biomedical Science written by Valery V. Tuchin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-05-18 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Photonics for Biomedical Science analyzes achievements, new trends, and perspectives of photonics in its application to biomedicine. With contributions from world-renowned experts in the field, the handbook describes advanced biophotonics methods and techniques intensively developed in recent years.Addressing the latest problems in
Download or read book Molecular Self Assembly written by Alex Li Dequan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several decades, molecular self-assembly has emerged as one of the main themes in chemistry, biology, and materials science. This book compiles and details cutting-edge research in molecular assemblies ranging from self-organized peptide nanostructures and DNA-chromophore foldamers to supramolecular systems and metal-directed assemblies
Download or read book Synthesis of Artificial Building Blocks for Sortase mediated Ligation and Their Enzymatic Linkage written by Xiaolin Dai and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enzyme Sortase A catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the recognition sequence LPXTG and an oligoglycine. While manifold ligations between proteins and various biomolecules, proteins and small synthetic molecules as well as proteins and surfaces have been reported, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the sortase-catalyzed linkage between artificial building blocks. Hence, this could pave the way for the use of sortase A for tasks from a chemical point of view and maybe even materials science. For the proof of concept, the studied systems were kept as simple as possible at first by choosing easily accessible silica NPs and commercially available polymers. These building blocks were functionalized with peptide motifs for sortase-mediated ligation. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized with diameters of 60 and 200 nm and surface modified with C=C functionalities. Then, peptides bearing a terminal cysteine were covalently linked by means of a thiol-ene reaction. ...
Download or read book Linear DNA linked Nanoparticle Building Blocks nBLOCKs for Modular Self assembly of Nanostructures written by Jakob Thomas Hockman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controlling the shapes and sizes of nanomaterials often enables controlling their properties for certain applications. The most promising methods for controlling the shapes and sizes of nanostructures use base-pairing between complementary DNA strands to self-assemble nanostructures from DNA and nanoparticles. DNA Brick-based self-assembly is a particularly useful method for creating DNA nanostructures. It offers a large amount of control over the final shapes and sizes because it uses building blocks that are anisotropic and have predictable geometry. However, this control has not been extended to the self-assembly of nanostructures from nanoparticles. Applying DNA Brick based self-assembly to the self-assembly of nanostructures from nanoparticles would require DNA-linked nanoparticles that are anisotropic and have predictable geometry. To this end, Solidworks models were used to study the interactions between DNA Bricks so that detailed information could be gained about their mode of self-assembly. This information was used to generate Solidworks models of DNA-linked nanoparticle building blocks (nBLOCKs) that can be used for DNA Brick-based self-assembly. These nBLOCKs could be created by attaching a single 43 base pair (bp) long DNA strand to gold nanoparticles using the anisotropic monofunctionalization technique. However, accomplishing this feat would require improving the efficiency of the anisotropic monofunctionalization method first. Attempts to improve all three steps of the anisotropic monofunctionalization technique yielded mixed results. The efficiency of the first step, binding DNA to a solid support, was improved by implementing the photocleavable (PC) biotin – streptavidin interaction. UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy revealed that the PC biotinylated DNA strands became bound to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads with nearly 100% efficiency. However, the second and third steps, binding gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to DNA and cleaving DNA-linked AuNPs from the beads, still suffer from low yields. The efficiency of the second step was incrementally improved from 3% to 25% by tuning the reaction conditions. The third step was carried out at a maximum of 10% efficiency. The method was successfully used to generate nBLOCKs but the overall yield was less than 5%. Explanations of and possible solutions to the low-yield are suggested for future experiments.
Download or read book Design and Synthesis of Colloidal Metallic Nanostructures For Programmable Self Assembly written by Kyle Joseph Gibson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second, universal building blocks for the purpose of discrete programmable self-assembly were synthesized by a two-step procedure. A partial polymer encapsulation is performed in a binary solvent system in combination with a dual ligand functionalization. The surface energy of the nanoparticle is tuned by coating with a specific ratio of hydrophobic ligand to hydrophilic ligand that dictates the eventual surface coverage of the diblock copolymer. The coverage of the nanoparticle surface by the polymer renders that area inert to further functionalization. The second step involves the functionalization of the exposed surface by thiolated single-stranded DNA. The polymer confers site-specific and directional binding of the DNA, and the DNA allows for specific binding only to the complementary strand. This enables self-assembly between two nanoparticles functionalized with complementary DNA strands in a highly specific and preconceived fashion into discrete assemblies with exceptional control. I demonstrate 24 self-assemblies with the universal building blocks, many of which are not possible through any other self-assembly method. Finally, I show that the self-assembled structures can be functionalized with a stimuli-responsive DNA sequence. Specifically, in response to the pH of the solution, the triplex-capable DNA strand changes the interparticle distance, invoking an optical plasmonic response.
Download or read book Multi step Self assembly Route to Three dimensional Block Copolymer semiconducting Nanoparticle Photonic Arrays with Structural Hierarchy written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new multi-step self-assembly route to polymer-semiconducting nanoparticle photonic structures is described. The multi-step self-assembly strategy targets complex hierarchical structures in which organization of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles on progressively longer length scales is introduced via a series of three self-assembly steps. each involving building blocks of increasing structural complexity. Each self assembly step can be described as follows: 1) SA1: self-assembly of PS-b-PAA to form block ionomer reverse micelles, followed by synthesis of a single CdS semiconducting nanoparticle in each core, forming the hybrid building blocks PS-CdS: 2) SA2: self-assembly of blends of PS-CdS and PS-b-PAA stabilizing chains in DMF/water mixtures by addition of water to form spherical nanoparticle assemblies, termed large compound micelles (LCMs); 3) SA3: self-assembly of LCMs into ordered close packed arrays by slow water evaporation. The kinetic freezing of building blocks at each stage offers the potential for unique control of nanoparticle self-assembly step since each step is "locked in", allowing structural features determined by the subsequent step to be independently tuned through a new set of experimental variables. Chapter 2 and 3 of this thesis investigate aspects of size and polydispersity control of spherical nanoparticle assemblies in the SA2 self-assembly step. Chapter 4 demonstrates that LCMs can be further assembled (SA3 step) to form three-dimensional hierarchical arrays.
Download or read book Coarse grained Simulations of the Self assembly of DNA linked Gold Nanoparticle Building Blocks written by Charles Armistead and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) of varying shape, size, and composition for the purpose of constructing useful nanoassemblies with tailored properties remains challenging. Although progress has been made to design anisotropic building blocks that exhibit the required control for the precise placement of various NPs within a defined arrangement, there still exists obstacles in the technology to maximize the programmability in the self-assembly of NP building blocks. Currently, the self-assembly of nanostructures involves much experimental trial and error. Computational modeling is a possible approach that could be utilized to facilitate the purposeful design of the self-assembly of NP building blocks into a desired nanostructure. In this report, a coarse-grained model of NP building blocks based on an effective anisotropic mono-functionalization approach, which has shown the ability to construct six building block configurations, was used to simulate various nanoassemblies. The purpose of the study was to validate the model's ability to simulate the self-assembly of the NP building blocks into nanostructures previously produced experimentally. The model can be programmed to designate up to six oligonucleotides attached to the surface of a Au NP building block, with a modifiable length and nucleotide sequence. The model successfully simulated the self-assembly of Au NP building blocks into a number of previously produced nanostructures and demonstrated the ability to produce visualizations of self-assembly as well as calculate interparticle distances and angles to be used for the comparison with the previous experimental data for validation of the model. Also, the model was used to simulate nanoassemblies which had not been produced experimentally for its further validation. The simulations showed the capability of the model to use specific NP building blocks and self-assemble. The coarse-grained NP building block model shows promise as a tool to complement the purposeful experimental design of functional nanostructures.
Download or read book Self assembly of Synthetic and Biological Components in Water Using Cucurbit 8 uril written by Jameel Majed Zayed and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis discusses progress made towards assembling molecular building blocks in the presence of our molecular host of choice, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). Our studies on the self-assembly of synthetic and biological components in water bridge overlapping conceptsand techniques drawn from the fields of synthetic organic chemistry, supramolecular self-assembly, and applied NMR techniques. Chapter 1 introduces the reader to chemical complexity, and how supramolecular chemistshave advanced in their capability of assembling more complex molecular architectures. The discussion focusses particularly on self-assembly carried out in the aqueousphase, and how, like in biology, molecular design of the building blocks become criticalin enabling non-covalent assembly to occur in this dynamic, and relatively competitiveenvironment. The cucurbit[n]uril family of molecular hosts are then introduced with anoverview of their modes of binding, and affinities towards typical guests. Finally, a practicalintroduction to NMR methods gaining prominence in supramolecular chemistry ispresented. In particular, the use of diffusion NMR, a key tool for probing the solutiondynamics of molecular assemblies, is highlighted. Chapter 2 details work carried out on the CB[8]-mediated self-assembly of supramolecularblock copolymers from polymeric, and small molecule building blocks. Here, endgroup-functionalised polymer guests were shown to assemble with small molecule ditopicguests in the presence of CB[8] to form block copolymers. Copolymers of various molecularweights were assembled, and the supramolecular complexes were studied usingsolution viscometry and diffusion NMR. This study represented the first use of diffusionNMR for probing the assembly of polymeric guests with CB[8]. Chapter 3 describes the self-assembly of CB[8] with complementary ditopic guests. Highmolecular weight supramolecular polymers are known to form through the step-growthassembly of complementary ditopic building blocks. Here we sought to probe CB[8]?sability to drive supramolecular polymerisation. Solution viscometry, ESI-MS, and diffusionNMR were used to investigate the self-assembly process, which indicated that cyclicoligomers had formed. The relatively low solubility of CB[8] in water was thought to bea major limitation to polymer formation in this instance. Important observations relating to the effect of salts on the solution viscosities and stabilitiesof the complexes, are also discussed. Chapter 4 places emphasis on the synthetic methods employed towards preparing multivalentguests for CB[8] binding studies. Our synthetic guests were based on watersolubleoligomers of ethylene glycol. A bidirectional elongation route is presented foraccessing higher molecular weight, and monodisperse ethylene glycol oligomers (n = 12)in suitable purity. Chapter 5 describes the assembly of protein-polymer conjugates, and the versatility ofdiffusion NMR as a means to probe the assembly process. Here, end group-functionalisedpoly(ethylene glycol) guests were appended to bovine serum albumin (BSA) through amixed chemical ligation-self assembly protocol. The NMR studies conducted are emphasisedhere, which served to complement other characterisation methods used thatare reported elsewhere. Chapter 6 discusses ongoing work on lipid-based guests, and the resulting liposome assembliesformed. Head group-functionalised phospholipid guests, and cholesterol-basedguests were synthesised. Phospholipid guests were obtained through an enzymatic route, a novelty in our group. Dye-encapsulated liposomes were then assembled, purified, andcharacterised by fluorescence microscopy. Finally, we sought to optimise lipid formulationsto enhance liposome stability, towards conducting molecular recognition studies inthe presence of CB[8]. Chapter 7 then closes the thesis with concluding remarks that summarise the describedresearch, while highlighting points of note.
Download or read book Protein Self Assembly written by Jennifer J. McManus and published by Humana. This book was released on 2020-08-08 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores experimental and computational approaches to measuring the most widely studied protein assemblies, including condensed liquid phases, aggregates, and crystals. The chapters in this book are organized into three parts: Part One looks at the techniques used to measure protein-protein interactions and equilibrium protein phases in dilute and concentrated protein solutions; Part Two describes methods to measure kinetics of aggregation and to characterize the assembled state; and Part Three details several different computational approaches that are currently used to help researchers understand protein self-assembly. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and cutting-edge, Protein Self-Assembly: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in learning more about this developing field.
