Download or read book Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces from the Nanoscale to the Global Scale written by Patricia Maurice and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-06-15 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced exploration ofwater-rock interactions Based on the author's fifteen years of teaching and tried-and-tested experiences in the classroom, here is a comprehensive exploration of water-rock interactions. Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces from the Nanoscale to the Global Scale covers aspects ranging from the theory of charged particle surfaces to how minerals grow and dissolve to new frontiers in W-R interactions such as nanoparticles, geomicrobiology, and climate change. Providing basic conceptual understanding along with more complex subject matter, Professor Patricia Maurice encourages students to look beyond the text to ongoing research in the field. Designed to engage the learner, the book features: Numerous case studies to contextualize concepts Practice and thought questions at the end of each chapter Broad coverage from basic theory to cutting-edge topics such as nanotechnology Both basic and applied science This text goes beyond W-R interactions to touch on a broad range of environmental disciplines. While written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students primarily in geochemistry and soil chemistry, Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces from the Nanoscale to the Global Scale will serve the needs of such diverse fields as environmental engineering, hydrogeology, physics, biology, and environmental chemistry.
Download or read book Emerging Natural and Tailored Nanomaterials for Radioactive Waste Treatment and Environmental Remediation written by Changlun Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Natural and Tailored Nanomaterials for Radioactive Waste Treatment and Environmental Remediation: Principles and Methodologies, Volume 29 provides an overview of the most important radionuclide sources in the environment, their interaction with environmental media, and appropriate remediation techniques. The book focuses on the assessment of radionuclide sorption behavior in contaminated sites and the synthesis of new materials for radionuclides remediation through sorption concepts. Chapters investigate the main interaction mechanisms between toxic/radioactive metal ions with natural and manmade materials, natural clay minerals and oxides, and novel nanomaterials, such as ordered mesoporous silicas, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal-organic framework-based materials. Techniques and models discussed include kinetics analysis, thermodynamic analysis, surface complexation models, spectroscopic techniques, and theoretical calculations. Provides a systemic discussion on the interactions between toxic and radioactive metal ions and natural and manmade materials Helps to select the best approach to remove toxic/radioactive metal ions from a surface Edited by a scientific authority in toxic/radioactive metal ion interactions
Download or read book Surface Complexation Modeling written by Athanasios K. Karamalidis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a description of the generalized two layer surface complexation model, data treatment procedures, and thermodynamic constants for sorption of metal cations and anions on gibbsite, the most common form of aluminum oxide found in nature and one of the most abundant minerals in soils, sediments, and natural waters. The book provides a synopsis of aluminum oxide forms and a clearly defined nomenclature. Compilations of available data for sorption of metal cations and anions on gibbsite are presented, and the results of surface complexation model fitting of these data are given. The consistency of the thermodynamic surface complexation constants extracted from the data is examined through development of linear free energy relationships which are also used to predict thermodynamic constants for ions for which insufficient data are available to extract constants. The book concludes with a comparison of constants extracted from data for sorption on gibbsite with those determined previously for hydrous ferric oxide (HFO), hydrous manganese oxide (HMO), and goethite. The overall objective of this book is the development and presentation of an internally consistent thermodynamic database for sorption of inorganic cations and anions on gibbsite, an abundant and reactive mineral in soils, sediments, and aquatic systems. Its surface has a high affinity for sorption of metal cations and anions, including radionuclides. The gibbsite database will enable simulation and prediction of the influence of sorption on the fate of these chemical species in natural systems and treatment processes in which aluminum oxides are abundant. It thus will help to advance the practical application of surface complexation modeling.
Download or read book Ion Partitioning in Ambient Temperature Aqueous Systems written by H. Stoll and published by The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding in detail the ion partitioning in mineralwater interactions is of fundamental importance to geochemical studies and ultimately to society. The solid-solution properties of minerals are a significant part of the complexity, and also the importance, of these ion-partitioning reactions.
Download or read book Practical Applications of Medical Geology written by Malcolm Siegel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-01 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume provides a framework for integrating methods and information drawn from geological and medical sciences and provides case studies in medical geology to illustrate the usefulness of this framework for crafting environmental and public health policies related to natural materials. The relevance of medical geology research to policy decisions is a topic rarely discussed, and this volume attempts to be a unique source for researchers and policy makers in the field of medical geology in addressing this gap in practical medical geology applications. The book's four sections establish this framework in detail using risk assessment, case studies, data analyses and specific medical geology techniques. Following an introduction to medical geology in the context of risk assessment and risk management, the second section discusses specific methods used in medical geology in the categories of geoscience, biomedicine, and data sources. The third section discusses the medical geology of natural materials, energy use, and environmental and workplace impacts. This section includes specific case studies in medical geology, and describes how the methods and data from the previous section are used in a medical geology analysis. The fourth section includes a guide to the medical geology literature and provides some examples of medical geology programs in Asia and Africa.
Download or read book 8th RILEM International Symposium on Testing and Characterization of Sustainable and Innovative Bituminous Materials written by Francesco Canestrari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-24 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents the results of RILEM TC 237-SIB (Testing and characterization of sustainable innovative bituminous materials and systems). The papers have been selected for publication after a rigorous peer review process and will be an invaluable source to outline and clarify the main directions of present and future research and standardization for bituminous materials and pavements. The following topics are covered: - Characterization of binder-aggregate interaction - Innovative testing of bituminous binders, additives and modifiers - Durability and aging of asphalt pavements - Mixture design and compaction analysis - Environmentally sustainable materials and technologies - Advances in laboratory characterization of bituminous materials - Modeling of road materials and pavement performance prediction - Field measurement and in-situ characterization - Innovative materials for reinforcement and interlayer systems - Cracking and damage characterization of asphalt pavements - Recycling and re-use in road pavements This is the proceedings of the RILEM SIB2015 Symposium (Ancona, Italy, October 7-9, 2015).
Download or read book Handbook of Soil Sciences written by Pan Ming Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-11-17 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evolving, living organic/inorganic covering, soil is in dynamic equilibrium with the atmosphere above, the biosphere within, and the geology below. It acts as an anchor for roots, a purveyor of water and nutrients, a residence for a vast community of microorganisms and animals, a sanitizer of the environment, and a source of raw materials for construction and manufacturing. To develop lasting solutions to the challenges of balanced use and stewardship of the Earth, we require a fundamental understanding of soil—from its elastic, porous three-phase system to its components, processes, and reactions. Handbook of Soil Sciences: Resource Management and Environmental Impacts, Second Edition is the second of two volumes that form a comprehensive reference on the discipline of soil science. Completely revised and updated to reflect the current state of knowledge, this volume covers interfacial interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological regimes within the soil; the factors that control the availability of plant nutrients and microelements; interdisciplinary aspects of soil science, including salinity, sodicity, and soil erosion; and soil databases for assessing worldwide soil resources. Critical elements addressed in each section include: Descriptions of concepts and theories Definitions, approaches, methodologies, and procedures Data in tabular and figure format Extensive references This cohesive handbook provides a thorough understanding of soil science principles and practices based on a rigorous, complete, and up-to-date treatment of the subject matter compiled by leading scientists. It is a resource rich in data, offering professional soil scientists, agronomists, engineers, ecologists, biologists, naturalists, and students their first point of entry into a particular aspect of the soil sciences.
Download or read book Handbook of Soil Sciences Two Volume Set written by Pan Ming Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 2249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evolving, living organic/inorganic covering, soil is in dynamic equilibrium with the atmosphere above, the biosphere within, and the geology below. It acts as an anchor for roots, a purveyor of water and nutrients, a residence for a vast community of microorganisms and animals, a sanitizer of the environment, and a source of raw materials for co
Download or read book Hydrogeology Chemical Weathering and Soil Formation written by Allen Hunt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores soil as a nexus for water, chemicals, and biologically coupled nutrient cycling Soil is a narrow but critically important zone on Earth's surface. It is the interface for water and carbon recycling from above and part of the cycling of sediment and rock from below. Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation places chemical weathering and soil formation in its geological, climatological, biological and hydrological perspective. Volume highlights include: The evolution of soils over 3.25 billion years Basic processes contributing to soil formation How chemical weathering and soil formation relate to water and energy fluxes The role of pedogenesis in geomorphology Relationships between climate soils and biota Soils, aeolian deposits, and crusts as geologic dating tools Impacts of land-use change on soils The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the Editors
Download or read book Exploring Nanoscale Surfaces and Interfaces written by James M. Helt and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The British National Bibliography written by Arthur James Wells and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 2744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoscale Characterization of Surfaces and Interfaces written by N. John Dinardo and published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2000 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derived from the highly acclaimed series, Materials Science and Technology, this book provides in-depth coverage of STM, AFM, and related non-contact nanoscale probes along with detailed applications, such as the manipulation of atoms and clusters on a nanometer scale. The methods are described in terms of their physics and technology and many high-quality images demonstrate the power of these techniques in the investigation of surfaces and the associated processes. Topics include: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces * Insulators * Layered Compounds * Charge Density Wave Systems * Superconductors * Electrochemisty at Liquid-Solid Interfaces * Biological Systems * Metrological Applications * Nanoscale Surface Forces * Nanotribology * Manipulation on the Nanoscale Materials scientists, surface scientists, electrochemists, as well as scientists working in catalysis and microelectronics will find this book an invaluable source of information
Download or read book Nanoscale Surface and Interface Mechanics of Elastic Plastic Media with Smooth Patterned and Rough Surfaces written by Yin, Xi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this dissertation was to develop both finite element and analytical models of contact, friction, and wear phenomena encountered at the nanoscale. This was achieved by the development of continuum mechanics and discrete dislocation models of the deforming homogeneous or layered media and the use of self-affine (fractal) geometry for the representation of the interface topography. The specific accomplishments of this work are as follows. The contact problem of a rigid flat indenting an elastic-plastic semi-infinite medium with a sinusoidal surface profile was examined in light of a two-dimensional plane-strain finite element analysis. Numerical results of the dimensionless contact pressure, normal approach, average surface rise, center-line-average roughness, peak-to-valley roughness, cavity volume, and ratio of truncated-to-real contact area versus fractional contact area obtained for relatively compliant and stiff elastic-perfectly plastic half-spaces were compared with results obtained from a slip-line plasticity analysis. These results have direct application to metal working processes, such as rolling, and provide insight into the evolution of surface and subsurface contact deformation and asperity interaction of contacting surfaces exhibiting periodic waviness. Mechanical failure of patterned alternating phase-shift mask (APSM) nanostructures due to dynamic pressure loadings caused by megasonic cleaning was examined in the context of simulation results obtained from a two-dimensional plane-strain finite element analysis. A parametric study of the effects of microstructure geometry and loading frequency on the subsurface stress state and mask structural integrity was performed for two typical chromium-quartz APSM patterns. Numerical results elucidate possible failure modes and effect of microstructure dimensions on pattern damage during megasonic cleaning, and have direct implications to the design of extreme ultraviolet lithography masks and optimization of the megasonic cleaning process. Analytical models were developed to study the friction, wear, energy dissipation, and plastic flow of surfaces exhibiting multi-scale roughness in both sliding and normal contacts. A contact mechanics study of friction, energy dissipation, and abrasive wear of a hard and rough (fractal) surface sliding against a soft and smooth substrate was developed based on the slip-line theory of plasticity. The slip-line model yields relationships of the deformation behavior and coefficient of friction of a fully plastic asperity microcontact in terms of the applied normal load and interfacial adhesion. The analysis of the rough surface contact provides insight into the dependence of global friction coefficient, energy dissipated during sliding contact, and abrasive wear rate and wear coefficient on the global interference (total normal load effect), interfacial friction conditions (adhesion effect), fractal parameters (roughness effect), and elastic-plastic material properties (deformation mode effect). Numerical results for representative contact systems illustrate the effects of interfacial adhesion, global interference (total normal load), topography parameters, and material properties on friction coefficient, dissipated frictional energy, and wear rate/coefficient. The dependence of plastic deformation at asperity contacts and wear rate (coefficient) on global interference (total normal load), elastic-plastic material properties, topography (roughness), and work of adhesion of contacting surfaces was examined in a contact mechanics analysis of adhesive wear of rough (fractal) surfaces in normal contact. Loss of materials (wear) was presumed to originate from plastic contacting asperities, accounting for the contribution of interfacial adhesion to the normal load at each asperity microcontact. The effects of material properties, roughness, surface compatibility, and environmental conditions on the adhesive wear rate and wear coefficient were discussed in the context of numerical results for representative contact systems. Plane-strain indentation of a single-crystal semi-infinite medium by a rigid indenter was analyzed by discrete dislocation plasticity. The profile of the rigid indenter was characterized by either a smooth (cylindrical) or a rough (fractal) surface. This is the first contact analysis based on discrete dislocations derived for crystalline materials indented by a surface exhibiting multi-scale roughness. Short-range dislocation interactions were modeled in accord to dislocation constitutive rules, while long-range dislocation interactions were modeled by the elastic stress fields of edge dislocations. Simulation results provided insight into the effects of contact load, dislocation source and obstacle densities, slip-plane orientation and distribution, indenter radius, topography (roughness) of fractal surface, and multi-scale asperity interactions on damage at the onset of yielding (emission of first dislocation dipole) and plasticity evolution represented by the development of dislocation structures. Plastic deformation under the theoretical strength of the material was related to contact size effects. The findings in this dissertation provide fundamental understanding of surface deformation behavior, evolution of subsurface stress field due to contact traction, and tribological characteristics of elastic-plastic media with patterned and rough surface profiles subject to contact and/or surface loadings. The obtained results have direct implications in various industry fields, such as metal working, semiconductor electronics packaging, magnetic storage recording, and microelectromechanical devices.
Download or read book Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials Surface and interface phenomena written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook brings together, under a single cover, all aspects of the chemistry, physics, and engineering of surfaces and interfaces of materials currently studied in academic and industrial research. It covers different experimental and theoretical aspects of surfaces and interfaces, their physical properties, and spectroscopic techniques that have been applied to a wide class of inorganic, organic, polymer, and biological materials. The diversified technological areas of surface science reflect the explosion of scientific information on surfaces and interfaces of materials and their spectroscopic characterization. The large volume of experimental data on chemistry, physics, and engineering aspects of materials surfaces and interfaces remains scattered in so many different periodicals, therefore this handbook compilation is needed. The information presented in this multivolume reference draws on two decades of pioneering research on the surfaces and interfaces of materials to offer a complete perspective on the topic. These five volumes-Surface and Interface Phenomena; Surface Characterization and Properties; Nanostructures, Micelles, and Colloids; Thin Films and Layers; Biointerfaces and Applications-provide multidisciplinary review chapters and summarize the current status of the field covering important scientific and technological developments made over past decades in surfaces and interfaces of materials and spectroscopic techniques with contributions from internationally recognized experts from all over the world. Fully cross-referenced, this book has clear, precise, and wide appeal as an essential reference source long due for the scientific community. The complete reference on the topic of surfaces and interfaces of materials The information presented in this multivolume reference draws on two decades of pioneering research Provides multidisciplinary review chapters and summarizes the current status of the field Covers important scientific and technological developments made over past decades in surfaces and interfaces of materials and spectroscopic techniques Contributions from internationally recognized experts from all over the world.
Download or read book Nanotechnology Applications for Improvements in Energy Efficiency and Environmental Management written by Shah, M. A. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As nanoscale research continues to advance, scientists and engineers are developing new applications for many different disciplines, including environmental remediation and energy optimization. Nanotechnology Applications for Improvements in Energy Efficiency and Environmental Management combines up-to-date research findings and relevant theoretical frameworks on the subject of micro-scale technologies being used to promote environmental sustainability. Highlighting the impacts this technology has on energy production and remediation, this book is an all-inclusive reference source for professionals and researchers interested in understanding the multi-disciplinary applications of nanotechnology and nanoscience.
Download or read book The American Mineralogist written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 34-40 (1949-55) include Contributions to Canadian mineralogy, v. 5, pts. 1-7.
Download or read book Nanomineralogy written by Yiwen Ju and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-14 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2018, the International Symposium on Nanogeoscience was held in Guiyang, China. Scholars from around the globe gathered to discuss recent progress and development trends in various aspects of nanogeoscience, including nanomineralogy. Nanomineralogy, an important aspect of nanogeoscience, focuses on the composition, structure, and physical and chemical properties of nanoscale minerals and their interrelations with other Earth critical components. To give a sampling of the latest progress in nanomineralogy and related fields, we offer this Special Issue, which describes a full range of recent nanomineralogic achievements relating to everything from nanominerals and geochemistry, mineral nanostructures, and nanomineral deformation, to nanopores in oil and gas reservoirs, nanomineral deposits, and nanomineral material. Today, nanomineralogy faces a new strategic opportunity as well as a revolutionary challenge. We thus present this special nanomineralogy-focused issue of Minerals with the aim of encouraging our colleagues to familiarize themselves with current developments, trends, and directions in nanomineralogy, enabling an understanding of the potential of the field as a whole. We look forward to developing further scientific research and cooperation in nanomineralogy, hoping thereby to attract and guide young scholars to participate in this field.
