Download or read book The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm and Country Competitiveness written by Mark A. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1990s, the validity of the Porter Hypothesis has been the focus of intense research efforts to establish whether well-designed environmental regulation may enhance - rather than reduce - competitiveness. However, little consensus exists on the extent to which (if at all) environmental regulation might generate profitability enhancing innovation offsets. In response to this lack of clarity in the literature and the pressing public policy implications of the Porter Hypothesis, this paper reports on a meta-analysis of 103 publications which estimate the relationship between environmental regulation and firm or country-level productivity or competitiveness. We find considerable heterogeneity in both the sign and significance level of the over 2,000 estimated “effect sizes” found in these studies. When systematically comparing all studies, we find evidence that a positive effect of environmental regulation on competitiveness is more likely at the state, region or country level, compared to the facility, firm or industry level - although in both cases the most likely scenario is a statistically insignificant effect. These findings are consistent with the strong version of the Porter Hypothesis whereby strict but flexible environmental regulations induce innovation and over time increase country-level competitiveness.

Download or read book Environmental Regulation and Productivity New Findings on the Porter Analysis written by Lanoie, Paul and published by Montréal : CIRANO. This book was released on 2001 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Porter Hypothesis and the Economic Consequences of Environmental Regulation written by Thomas Roediger-Schluga and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining the public choice literature on political decision making with the Neo-Schumpeterian literature on innovation, this valuable new book develops a conceptual model of how environmental regulation is designed. The author presents a novel perspective on the Porter Hypothesis, arguing that the effect of environmental regulation is too weak to induce technological change. This implies that environmental policy intervention has little, if any, economic consequences which has significant repercussions for environmental decision-making. Since radical technological advance is unpredictable, this implies that environmental regulation induces, at the very most, incremental improvements of existing designs. Moreover, due to the high political costs of disrupting existing industry structures, regulation objectives are often adjusted or the compliance costs reduced through subsidies. Due to this limited inducement effect, the author finds that environmental regulation does not produce outcomes consistent with the Porter Hypothesis, nor does it have any palpable negative economic impact. Using detailed case-study evidence, each step of his argument is skilfully illustrated. The book conc.

Download or read book Environmental Regulation written by John F. McEldowney and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring an original introduction by the editors, this important collection of essays explores the main issues surrounding the regulation of the environment. The expert contributors illustrate that regulating the environment in the UK is conceptually complex, involves a diverse range of institutions, techniques and methodologies and crosses geographical and national boundaries. In the USA it is more formalised, juridical, adversarial and formally dependent upon legal rules. The articles highlight the fact that despite differences in the UK and the USA's regulatory styles, environmental regulation today has much in common with both traditions.

Download or read book Environmental Regulation and Competitiveness written by Yana Rubashkina and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pollution Havens and Foreign Direct Investment written by Beata K. Smarzynska Javorcik and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "pollution haven" hypothesis states that multinational firms, particularly those in highly polluting industries, relocate to countries with weak environmental standards. Despite the plausibility and popularity of this hypothesis, Smarzynska and Wei find only weak evidence in its favor.

Download or read book Economic Costs and Consequences of Environmental Regulation written by Wayne B Gray and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2002. How expensive is environmental regulation and how does it affect the economy? A proper understanding of the costs imposed by environmental regulation is important for policy-makers and others concerned with regulatory design. This book focuses on empirical studies of the impact of environmental regulation on the economy, exposing the reader to a variety of estimation methodologies and datasets that have been used in this area. Three basic sources provide information on the costs of environmental regulation: surveys; engineering studies; and econometric analysis. This text draws on all three in its investigation.

Download or read book Revisiting the Porter Hypothesis written by George van Leeuwen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Policy Innovation and Performance written by Paul Lanoie and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jaffe and Palmer (1997) present three distinct variants of the so-called Porter Hypothesis. The “weak” version of the hypothesis posits that environmental regulation will stimulate environmental innovations. The “narrow” version of the hypothesis asserts that flexible environmental policy regimes give firms greater incentive to innovate than prescriptive regulations, such as technology-based standards. Finally, the “strong” version posits that properly designed regulation may induce cost-saving innovation that more than compensates for the cost of compliance. In this paper, we test the significance of these different variants of the Porter Hypothesis using data on the four main elements of the hypothesised causality chain (environmental policy, research and development, environmental performance, and commercial performance). The analysis draws upon a database that includes observations from approximately 4,200 facilities in seven OECD countries. In general, we find strong support for the “weak” version, qualified support for the “narrow” version, but no support for the “strong” version.

Download or read book To what Extent Do Environmental Regulations Curb Air Pollution and Enhance Production Productivity and Innovation written by Emmanuel Wabi Wangi and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study delves into the fascinating relationship between environmental regulations, air pollution reduction, and their subsequent impact on production, productivity, and innovation. By adopting Porter’s hypothesis approach, the study aims to shed light on a crucial aspect overlooked in previous studies - the prerequisite of “well-designed environmental regulation,” as Porter’s hypothesis emphasizes. The study uses microeconomic principles, whose conclusions propose a novel framework for crafting effective policies that balance curbing air pollution and fostering economic growth. Specifically, the study advocates for a tax rate on pollution that aligns with the marginal cost of the polluter within the industry. This approach ensures that environmental regulations are not only effective in reducing pollution but also facilitate sustainable production practices. Through a comprehensive analysis of industry-specific data and econometric modeling, we uncover the substantial potential of well-designed environmental regulations to enhance production and productivity. Moreover, our study highlights the transformative impact such regulations can have on innovation within industries, fostering the development of cleaner technologies and practices. By elucidating the profound interplay between environmental regulations, air pollution reduction, and economic outcomes, this study seeks to provide policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers with valuable insights into the importance of crafting meticulously designed environmental policies. Ultimately, this research contributes to the ongoing dialogue surrounding sustainable development, paving the way for a greener and more prosperous future.

Download or read book Environmental Regulation and Manufacturing Productivity at the Plant Level written by Wayne B. Gray and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the connection between productivity, pollution abatement expenditures, and other measures of environmental regulation for plants in three industries (paper, oil, and steel). We examine data from 1979 to 1985, considering, both labor and total factor productivity, both levels and growth rates, and both annual measures and averages over the period. We find a strong connection between regulation and productivity when regulation is measured by compliance costs. More regulated plants have significantly lower productivity levels and slower productivity growth rates than less regulated plants. The magnitude of the impacts are larger than expected: a $1 increase in compliance costs appears to reduce TFP by the equivalent of $3 to $4. Thus, commonly used methods of calculating the impact of regulation on productivity are substantially underestimated. Other measures of regulation (compliance status, enforcement activity, and emissions) show much less consistent results. Higher enforcement, lower compliance, and higher emissions are generally associated with lower productivity levels and slower productivity growth, but the coefficients are rarely significant.

Download or read book Technological Change and the Environment written by Arnulf Grübler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much is written in the popular literature about the current pace of technological change. But do we have enough scientific knowledge about the sources and management of innovation to properly inform policymaking in technology dependent domains such as energy and the environment? While it is agreed that technological change does not 'fall from heaven like autumn leaves,' the theory, data, and models are deficient. The specific mechanisms that govern the rate and direction of inventive activity, the drivers and scope for incremental improvements that occur during technology diffusion, and the spillover effects that cross-fertilize technological innovations remain poorly understood. In a work that will interest serious readers of history, policy, and economics, the editors and their distinguished contributors offer a unique, single volume overview of the theoretical and empirical work on technological change. Beginning with a survey of existing research, they provide analysis and case studies in contexts such as medicine, agriculture, and power generation, paying particular attention to what technological change means for efficiency, productivity, and reduced environmental impacts. The book includes a historical analysis of technological change, an examination of the overall direction of technological change, and general theories about the sources of change. The contributors empirically test hypotheses of induced innovation and theories of institutional innovation. They propose ways to model induced technological change and evaluate its impact, and they consider issues such as uncertainty in technology returns, technology crossover effects, and clustering. A copublication o Resources for the Future (RFF) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).

Download or read book Green Tape Measures Up written by Michelle Brownlee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Regulation Comparative Advantage and the Porter Hypothesis written by Johan A. E. Albrecht and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical surveys find no significant impact of environmental regulation and environmental costs on international competitiveness. In the literature, we can find three hypotheses on the impact of environmental regulation. For the industrial-flight and pollution-haven hypothesis, there is no clear empirical evidence. We show that this is a logical consequence of the principle of comparative advantage. Another explanation can be that developed countries have very diversified exports and most surveys do not link regulation to specific products. We therefore investigate the link between export diversification and two measures of labor productivity. The Porter hypothesis--the third or revisionist hypothesis in our overview--states that environmental regulation can lead to improved competitiveness. Many authors only find "anecdotal" evidence for this hypothesis, but we show that when regulation is linked to specific products, there is clear evidence for the Porter hypothesis. In our model, we work with international CFC-regulation (chlorofluorocarbons) and the export performance of CFC-using industries like refrigerators, freezers and air conditioning machines. A final section does focus on the tradition of cartelization that has been typical in many of the old--and "dirty"--industries.

Download or read book Environmental Regulation Abatement and Productivity written by Shital Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research studies the link between environmental regulation and plant level productivity in two U.S. manufacturing industries: pulp and paper mills and oil refineries using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models. Data on abatement spending, emissions and abated emissions are used in different DEA models to study plant productivity outcomes when accounting for abatement spending or emissions regulations. Results indicate that pulp and paper mills and oil refineries in the U.S. suffered decreases in productivity due to pollution abatement activities from 1974 to 2000. These losses in productivity are substantial but have been slowly trending downwards even when the regulations have tended to become more stringent and emission of pollutants has declined suggesting that the best practice has shifted over time. Results also show that the reported abatement expenditures are not able to explain all the losses arising out of regulation suggesting that these abatement expenditures are consistently under-reported.

Download or read book How important are financing constraints the role of finance in the business environment written by Meghana Ayyagari and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role does the business environment play in promoting and restraining firm growth? Recent literature points to a number of factors as obstacles to growth. Inefficient functioning of financial markets, inadequate security and enforcement of property rights, poor provision of infrastructure, inefficient regulation and taxation, and broader governance features such as corruption and macroeconomic stability are discussed without any comparative evidence on their ordering. In this paper, the authors use firm level survey data to present evidence on the relative importance of different features of the business environment. They find that although firms report many obstacles to growth, not all the obstacles are equally constraining. Some affect firm growth only indirectly through their influence on other obstacles, or not at all. Using Directed Acyclic Graph methodology as well as regressions, the authors find that only obstacles related to finance, crime, and political instability directly affect the growth rate of firms. Robustness tests further show that the finance result is the most robust of the three. These results have important policy implications for the priority of reform efforts. They show that maintaining political stability, keeping crime under control, and undertaking financial sector reforms to relax financing constraints are likely to be the most effective routes to promote firm growth.

Download or read book The Impact of Climate Policy on Environmental and Economic Performance written by Rolf Färe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweden has a long history of ambitious environmental, energy and climate policy. Due to the large amount of data available it is possible to perform statistically sound analysis and assess long term changes in productivity, efficiency, and technological development. The data at hand together with Sweden’s ambitious energy and climate policy provides a unique opportunity to shed light on pertinent policy issues. The Impact of Climate Policy on Environmental and Economic Performance answers several key questions: What is the effect of the CO2 tax on environmental performance and profitability of firms? Does including emissions in productivity measurement of the industrial firm matter? Did the introduction of the EU ETS spur technological development in the Swedish industrial firm? What air pollutant is most inhibiting production when regulated? Being aware and learning from the Swedish case can be very relevant for countries that are in the process of shaping their climate policy. This book is of great importance to researchers and policy makers who are interested in environmental economics, industrial economics and climate change.