Download or read book Environmental Compliance Cost and Productivity Growth in US Manufacturing written by Abbas Taheri and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decade of 1970s is generally known for its dramatic increases in the price of oil. What is less known, however, is the fact that U.S. industrial sector experienced a significant slow down in productivity growth during the 1970s and 1980s. While many studies have analyzed the economic impact of higher energy prices on industry, the research on productivity slow down has been rather slow. The task of unraveling the cause of this productivity mystery is further complicated by the fact that this period also marks the beginning of an era of unprecedented environmental controls as Congress passed a series of sweeping amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA) law in the 1970s and again in 1990. As a result of these amendments to the CAA the U.S. industry was faced with mounting environmental compliance cost. While environmental regulations are generally believed to impair productivity few studies have considered environmental regulation.

Download or read book Environmental Compliance and U S Industrial Productivity Growth written by Abbas Taheri and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the decade of 1970s is generally known for the chronic oil shortages and the dramatic ris in the price of oil a significant slow down in rate of growth of productivity has also marked this and the subsequent decade of 1980s in the U.S. Though many studies have provided insight into the effect of these higher oil prices on industrial output and input demands etc., the reasons for this productivity slow down still remains somewhat of mystery. Complicating the task of unraveling this mystery is the fact that 1970s was also marked as a period of unprecedented tight environmental regulations as Congress passed a series of Amendments to the Clean Air Act Legislation during this period. As a result, many industries have faced substantial increases in cost of compliance due to the new environmental regulations. Though environmental regulation is generally believed to impair growth empirical research on the subject has been rather slow so that the real impact of these tighter environmental regulations on industrial productivity is not yet clearly understood.

Download or read book Environmental Regulation and Manufacturing Productivity at the Plant Level written by Wayne B. Gray and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the connection between productivity, pollution abatement expenditures, and other measures of environmental regulation for plants in three industries (paper, oil, and steel). We examine data from 1979 to 1985, considering, both labor and total factor productivity, both levels and growth rates, and both annual measures and averages over the period. We find a strong connection between regulation and productivity when regulation is measured by compliance costs. More regulated plants have significantly lower productivity levels and slower productivity growth rates than less regulated plants. The magnitude of the impacts are larger than expected: a $1 increase in compliance costs appears to reduce TFP by the equivalent of $3 to $4. Thus, commonly used methods of calculating the impact of regulation on productivity are substantially underestimated. Other measures of regulation (compliance status, enforcement activity, and emissions) show much less consistent results. Higher enforcement, lower compliance, and higher emissions are generally associated with lower productivity levels and slower productivity growth, but the coefficients are rarely significant.

Download or read book Environmental Regulations Capital Formation and the Economic Performance of U S Manufacturing Industries written by George A. Plesko and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Local Environmental Regulation and Plant level Productivity written by Randy A. Becker and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of environmental regulation on the productivity of manufacturing plants in the United States. Establishment-level data from three Censuses of Manufactures are used to estimate 3-factor Cobb-Douglas production functions that include a measure of the stringency of environmental regulation faced by manufacturing plants. In contrast to previous studies, this paper examines effects on plants in all manufacturing industries, not just those in "dirty" industries. Further, this paper employs spatial-temporal variation in environmental compliance costs to identify effects, using a time-varying county-level index that is based on multiple years of establishment-level data from the Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures survey and the Annual Survey of Manufactures. Results suggest that, for the average manufacturing plant, the effect on productivity of being in a county with higher environmental compliance costs is relatively small and often not statistically significant. For the average plant, the main effect of environmental regulation may not be in the spatial and temporal dimensions.

Download or read book How Environmental Regulations Affect Productivity of U S and Mexican Primary Iron Steel and Aluminum Industries written by Satenik Hackenbruck and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many economists believe that the slowdown of the productivity growth rates in the U.S. economy in early 1970's was a consequence of the increased level of environmental regulations. The main reason presented in support of this argument is that increased environmental regulations impose an additional burden to the firms, thus increasing the costs of the production of conventional outputs and decreasing productivity growth rates. The opposing view, called Porter hypothesis, claims that environmental regulations may have a positive effect on the performance of domestic firms relative to their foreign competitors by stimulating domestic innovation. Given that the environmental standards are lower in Mexico than in the U.S. we expect to find relatively smaller effect of environmental regulations in Mexico. During the debates of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 1994, this difference in environmental regulations levels of the two countries was hypothesized to encourage the migration of U.S. dirty industries to Mexico, thus putting Mexican economy into disadvantage. There are many studies of the effect of environmental regulations on U.S. manufacturing performance, however there is little empirical work showing the effect of environmental regulations on productivity of Mexico and comparing the relative performance of industries of the two countries. In this study we compare the relative performance of U.S. and Mexican primary iron & steel and aluminum industries, RAMA 3411 and RAMA 3423 correspondingly (according to Mexican Economic Census 1975 industrial classification). We estimate primal and dual TFP growth rates based on translog restricted cost function using fixed-effects approach. We found positive effect of environmental regulations on dual TFP growth in all industries. The results support Porter's "win-win" hypothesis.

Download or read book Pollution Controls and Productivity Growth in Basic Industry written by Robert W. Crandall and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study of Inter country Differences in Environmental Regulations and Environmental Control Costs written by Tongmo Suh and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Center for Economic Studies Discussion Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technology and Capital Formation written by Dale Weldeau Jorgenson and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 1989-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions in this book bring a wealth of detailed empirical data and an unusually wide range of perspectives - from universities, government, and business - to bear on the exploration of this important interrelationship; they focus, in particular, on the role of capital in the production process.

Download or read book Environmental compliance costs and foreing direct investment inflows to U S states written by Wolfgang Keller and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factor Adjustment Quality Change and Productivity Growth for U S Manufacturing written by Jeffrey Ian Bernstein and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper accounts for quality improvements and adjustment costs in all inputs to U.S. manufacturing production. Adjustment processes for non-capital inputs are slower than previously recognized. Annual adjustment percentages are: labor 77, capital 30, energy 20, and materials 21. Factor prices should be adjusted for quality improvements to reflect higher marginal products. The percentage increases in marginal products from quality improvements are: labor 0.25, capital 0.30, energy 2.13, and materials 0.92. Observed input growth should be adjusted for quality improvements. Unadjusted input growth causes efficiency-based productivity growth rates to exceed observed productivity growth in the slowdown period of 1974 - 1995

Download or read book Environmental Regulation written by John F. McEldowney and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring an original introduction by the editors, this important collection of essays explores the main issues surrounding the regulation of the environment. The expert contributors illustrate that regulating the environment in the UK is conceptually complex, involves a diverse range of institutions, techniques and methodologies and crosses geographical and national boundaries. In the USA it is more formalised, juridical, adversarial and formally dependent upon legal rules. The articles highlight the fact that despite differences in the UK and the USA's regulatory styles, environmental regulation today has much in common with both traditions.

Download or read book The Effects of Environmental Regulation on the Competitiveness of U S Manufacturing written by Michael Greenstone and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic costs of environmental regulations have been widely debated since the U.S. began to restrict pollution emissions more than four decades ago. Using detailed production data from nearly 1.2 million plant observations drawn from the 1972-1993 Annual Survey of Manufactures, we estimate the effects of air quality regulations on manufacturing plants' total factor productivity (TFP) levels. We find that among surviving polluting plants, stricter air quality regulations are associated with a roughly 2.6 percent decline in TFP. The regulations governing ozone have particularly large negative effects on productivity, though effects are also evident among particulates and sulfur dioxide emitters. Carbon monoxide regulations, on the other hand, appear to increase measured TFP, especially among refineries. The application of corrections for the confounding of price increases and output declines and sample selection on survival produce a 4.8 percent estimated decline in TFP for polluting plants in regulated areas. This corresponds to an annual economic cost from the regulation of manufacturing plants of roughly $21 billion, which is about 8.8 percent of manufacturing sector profits in this period. Keywords: clean air act, costs of regulation, air pollution. JEL Classification: D2, L6, L5, Q5.

Download or read book The Effects of Environmental Regulation on the Competitiveness of U S Manufacturing written by Michael Greenstone and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic costs of environmental regulations have been widely debated since the U.S. began to restrict pollution emissions more than four decades ago. Using detailed production data from nearly 1.2 million plant observations drawn from the 1972-1993 Annual Survey of Manufactures, we estimate the effects of air quality regulations on manufacturing plants' total factor productivity (TFP) levels. We find that among surviving polluting plants, stricter air quality regulations are associated with a roughly 2.6 percent decline in TFP. The regulations governing ozone have particularly large negative effects on productivity, though effects are also evident among particulates and sulfur dioxide emitters. Carbon monoxide regulations, on the other hand, appear to increase measured TFP, especially among refineries. The application of corrections for the confounding of price increases and output declines and sample selection on survival produce a 4.8 percent estimated decline in TFP for polluting plants in regulated areas. This corresponds to an annual economic cost from the regulation of manufacturing plants of roughly $21 billion, about 8.8 percent of manufacturing sector profits in this period.

Download or read book An Industry adjusted Index Od State Environmental Compliance Costs written by Arik Levinson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Current State of Manufacturing in the United States written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Manufacturing and Competitiveness and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: