Download or read book Environmental and Economic Issues in Fur Trapping written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental and Economic Issues in Fur Trapping written by Marc G. Stevenson and published by University of Alberta Press. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive review documents the economic, social, and demographic profiles of the fur trapping industry, and the environmental and economic variables that influence its sustainability. Examines the state of the debate, and identifies issues for further analysis.
Download or read book Environmental and Economic Issues in Fur Trapping written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Poverty Traps written by Christopher B. Barrett and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What circumstances or behaviors turn poverty into a cycle that perpetuates across generations? The answer to this question carries especially important implications for the design and evaluation of policies and projects intended to reduce poverty. Yet a major challenge analysts and policymakers face in understanding poverty traps is the sheer number of mechanisms—not just financial, but also environmental, physical, and psychological—that may contribute to the persistence of poverty all over the world. The research in this volume explores the hypothesis that poverty is self-reinforcing because the equilibrium behaviors of the poor perpetuate low standards of living. Contributions explore the dynamic, complex processes by which households accumulate assets and increase their productivity and earnings potential, as well as the conditions under which some individuals, groups, and economies struggle to escape poverty. Investigating the full range of phenomena that combine to generate poverty traps—gleaned from behavioral, health, and resource economics as well as the sociology, psychology, and environmental literatures—chapters in this volume also present new evidence that highlights both the insights and the limits of a poverty trap lens. The framework introduced in this volume provides a robust platform for studying well-being dynamics in developing economies.
Download or read book Successful Fur Trapping written by Keith Blackwood and published by . This book was released on 2003-09 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the twenty-first century many nations acquired the capability of detonating nuclear weapons. They proceeded to do so indiscriminately. The surface of the planet Earth became a desolate wasteland. The population of the planet was halved. The government of the United States moved underground. From the safety they achieved they attempted to rectify the situation. An entire generation grew up in an artificial environment. Three young Bellydwellers became curious about life topside. They ventured above ground and met their counterparts. Bart, Mitch, and Georgie joined the Topsiders to unseat the governing body that wasn't bringing any relief to the people living in peril on the surface of the Earth. The Reactionaries Against the Destruction of Society, RADS, mounted a successful crusade to wrest the power from the incumbents. They set in motion the programs that would destroy the enemies and restore the air and water to a useful condition. All progressed well until other nations became greedy for the economic and political power that America had regained. All Hell broke loose and the government was once more buried underground. The three Bellydwellers who had supported the RADS in their bold endeavor now sought a solution to Earth's problems out in the universe. They boarded a spacecraft whose mission was to seek a planet where they could begin a new life. AWAKENED BELLYDWELLERS tells the story of the lives three young adults who were determined to create a good environment for all mankind.
Download or read book Economic Inequality Trends Traps and Trade offs written by Medani P. Bhandari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book “Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs” presents the unexplored issues of economic inequality, including case studies of various countries. Inequality is a chronic divisive factor of society. It is well known that inequalities (such as economic, social, cultural, religious, geographical, etc.) have been omnipresent in human society. Inequalities can be found within each family, each community, and each nation and thus globally. Inequality is a major cause of political, economic, social instability, and creates crisis and conflict within society. A major cause of inequality is unequal, uneven, biased, power centric distributions of human economic, social, political, cultural and spiritual human necessities.The edited book examines the major parameters of the socio-economic issues of inequality and focuses on the key economic issues of inequality, namely, income and wealth distribution, equity & equality of outcome, and equality of opportunities. Economic inequality is measured by wealth, income dsiproportions in distribution and consumption patterns in a specific area. Mostly, inequality is measured using various statistical tools including the Gini Coefficient, inequality adjusted human development index, 20:20 ratio, Palma ratio, Hoover index, Galt score, Coefficient of variation, Theil index, wage share etc. However, not all income can be measured by these tools. By using case studies, this book encourages us to reframe economic development through the lens of growing inequalities and disparities. Economic growth per se is disproportional, and the efforts of scholars, practitioners and policymakers should be directed to empower the marginalized of society in a way that ‘no one should left behind’ (UN Slogan).
Download or read book Fur War The Political Economic Cultural and Ecological Impacts of the Western Fur Trade 1765 1840 written by David Bainbridge and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This crucial period of history is neglected and ignored but it shaped the West in many ways. The fur trade played a key role in the development and ultimate ownership of lands and resources on the West Coast of North America. The struggle played out far from the capitals of power and shifted over time as rulers, governments, tribes, companies and individuals struggled to get rich or merely to survive. The players in this complex conflict included Russia, Great Britain, America, France, Spain, Mexico, Hawaii, and the many First Nations whose lands it had been. At times the fur trade was incredibly profitable and helped make some men and women very rich. The economic returns and taxes also helped support governments. But like most "gold rushes" it more often led to suffering, abuse, death, and despair for the sailors, trappers, and fur traders involved. The ecological impacts were equally severe and can still be seen today. Recommended for all historians and students of the west, with special detail on sea otters and beaver.
Download or read book Environmentalism and Economic Justice written by Laura Pulido and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 1996-02 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological causes are championed not only by lobbyists or hikers. While mainstream environmentalism is usually characterized by well-financed, highly structured organizations operating on a national scale, campaigns for environmental justice are often fought by poor or minority communities. Environmentalism and Economic Justice is one of the first books devoted to Chicano environmental issues and is a study of U.S. environmentalism in transition as seen through the contributions of people of color. It elucidates the various forces driving and shaping two important examples of environmental organizing: the 1965-71 pesticide campaign of the United Farm Workers and a grazing conflict between a Hispano cooperative and mainstream environmentalists in northern New Mexico. The UFW example is one of workers highly marginalized by racism, whose struggle--as much for identity as for a union contract--resulted in boycotts of produce at the national level. The case of the grazing cooperative Ganados del Valle, which sought access to land set aside for elk hunting, represents a subaltern group fighting the elitism of natural resource policy in an effort to pursue a pastoral lifestyle. In both instances Pulido details the ways in which racism and economic subordination create subaltern communities, and shows how these groups use available resources to mobilize and improve their social, economic, and environmental conditions. Environmentalism and Economic Justice reveals that the environmental struggles of Chicano communities do not fit the mold of mainstream environmentalism, as they combine economic, identity, and quality-of-life issues. Examination of the forces that create and shape these grassroots movements clearly demonstrates that environmentalism needs to be sensitive to local issues, economically empowering, and respectful of ethnic and cultural diversity.
Download or read book Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America written by Milan Novak and published by Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 1150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes chapters on: history; the trapper; management principles and techniques; species biology, management and conservation; the pelt and the fur industry; natural and human-induced effects on furbearers; technology, techniques and harvests; regional furbearer management programs (including Alaska, western and northern Canada).
Download or read book King Crabs of the World written by Bradley G. Stevens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With species existing in all subpolar seas, king crabs are one of the most valuable seafoods. Major fluctuations in their abundance have stimulated a flurry of research and a rapid expansion of the scientific literature in the last decade. King Crabs of the World: Biology and Fisheries Management consolidates extensive knowledge on the biology, sys
Download or read book The Destruction of the Bison written by Andrew C. Isenberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study, first published in 2000, examines the cultural and ecological causes of the near-extinction of the bison.
Download or read book Global Environmental Governance and the Accountability Trap written by Susan Park and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of whether accountability mechanisms in global environmental governance that focus on monitoring and enforcement necessarily lead to better governance and better environmental outcomes. The rapid development of global environmental governance has been accompanied by questions of accountability. Efforts to address what has been called “a culture of unaccountability” include greater transparency, public justification for governance decisions, and the establishment of monitoring and enforcement procedures. And yet, as this volume shows, these can lead to an “accountability trap”—a focus on accountability measures rather than improved environmental outcomes. Through analyses and case studies, the contributors consider how accountability is being used within global environmental governance and if the proliferation of accountability tools enables governance to better address global environmental deterioration. Examining public, private, voluntary, and hybrid types of global environmental governance, the volume shows that the different governance goals of the various actors shape the accompanying accountability processes. These goals—from serving constituents to reaping economic benefits—determine to whom and for what the actors must account. After laying out a theoretical framework for its analyses, the book addresses governance in the key areas of climate change, biodiversity, fisheries, and trade and global value chains. The contributors find that normative biases shape accountability processes, and they explore the potential of feedback mechanisms between institutions and accountability rules for enabling better governance and better environmental outcomes. Contributors Graeme Auld, Harro van Asselt, Cristina Balboa, Lieke Brouwer, Lorraine Elliott, Lars H. Gulbrandsen, Aarti Gupta, Teresa Kramarz, Susan Park, Philipp Pattberg, William H. Schaedla, Hamish van der Ven, Oscar Widerberg
Download or read book Conservation Economics and Management of Hunting on Private Land written by Luke Thomas Macaulay and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Privately owned land accounts for significant areas of land internationally, nationally, and in California. In the U.S. and elsewhere, private land tends to support high levels of biodiversity because land with more productive natural resources was settled and privatized first. These lands, which are integral to conservation goals, are often the most vulnerable to habitat degradation and loss through changes in land-use and fragmentation. In 1930, Aldo Leopold encouraged the development of an incentive scheme to better conserve private lands in the U.S. where hunters would pay landowners for access to conserved wildlife habitat and game populations that could be sustainably harvested. Although a wide body of literature has discussed this approach, much of the research is either theoretical or limited to particular regions and these studies have rarely tested for an explicit connection to whether conservation is ultimately improved as a result of paid hunting. The goal of this dissertation is to evaluate the economic, conservation and management aspects of hunting on private land internationally, nationally, and in California. The first chapter uses a case study approach to explore the environmental and economic issues surrounding hunting in the context of Spain and California. The study found that increased game management rights in Spain appears to yield improved economic return, but at an environmental cost. The second chapter evaluates the scale, distribution and conservation aspects of spending to access private land for fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching in the United States. This study found that that approximately 440 million acres of private land, an estimated 22% of the contiguous land area of the U.S. and 33% of all private land in the U.S., are either leased or owned for wildlife-associated recreation. Much of these lands are private rangelands and forestlands. Land utilized for hunting accounted for 81% of that total, while land utilized for fishing and wildlife-watching, although comparatively small, likely includes riparian zones and areas with high environmental or amenity values. Hunters own or lease properties of larger size classes than anglers or wildlife-watchers, providing a possible economic incentive for maintaining large unfragmented properties that provide a variety of conservation benefits. Results show that Americans annually spend an estimated $814 million in day-use fees, $1.48 billion for long-term leases, and $14.8 billion to own private land primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. Hunting, in particular big game hunting, comprises some of the largest contributions to payments for wildlife-associated recreational use on private land. This finding suggests that hunting may be an important market-based mechanism to maintain large unfragmented parcels of wildlife habitat. Chapter 3 utilizes interviews with a random sample of landowners in California to evaluate conservation practices associated with hunting enterprises. This study found relatively low adoption of hunting enterprises among landowners, and that there were mixed conservation outcomes associated with hunting. Landowners who enrolled in the California Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Private Land Management program, which provides enhanced game management rights to landowners in exchange for habitat improvement practices, performed the most comprehensive habitat improvement practices, including riparian zone restoration and adjustment of grazing practices to enhance cover and forage resources for wildlife. Many other landowners, however, earned some income from hunting, but either did not implement additional conservation practices to enhance wildlife habitat or performed practices that could cause some ecological problems, such as planting of feed crops that can create openings for invasive noxious weeds to be established on a property. This study found significant opportunities in California to not only increase adoption of hunting enterprises, but to engage in educational efforts to encourage ecologically-friendly wildlife management practices as a way to enhance both revenue from hunting enterprises and conservation outcomes. The final chapter focuses on the development of methods to better understand the population characteristics of the Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in order to improve harvest recommendations. Using camera-traps on a 2,500 acre private ranch in San Benito County, California, the study estimates the density and sex ratios of deer by using a Bayesian spatial mark-resight model. It also evaluates the effect of using bait in developing population estimates. The study found that deer densities on the property are estimated to be 9.9 (SE 0.91) individuals/km2, and that antlered bucks make up only 11% (SE 1%) of the population. Bait increased encounter rates of deer by a factor of 3.7, showing that the use of bait can help reduce the length of time that cameras must be operational and may create more precise population estimates due to increased detectability of deer. In conclusion, this dissertation found the game management rights for hunting were important for economic return from hunting on private land, but without regulation may result in negative environmental impacts. Across the United States, hunting contributes significantly to landowner income, especially to properties of larger size classes in rangeland and forestry habitats, which suggests that hunting provides an economic incentive to maintain large unfragmented properties. In the context of California, programs that give landowners greater game management rights in exchange for habitat improvement practices resulted in benefits for landowners and the environment. Finally, this dissertation has developed a statistical model that can be utilized to evaluate population parameters for one of the most economically important game species in California. In sum, recreational hunting can provide income to the private landowner and with the appropriate regulations, education and management, can incentivize the enhancement and maintenance of wildlife habitat on private land.
Download or read book Hunting for Sustainability in Tropical Forests written by John Robinson and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000-02-08 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the world people are concerned about the demise of tropical forests and their wildlife. Hunting by forest-dwelling people has a dramatic effect on wildlife in many tropical forests, frequently driving species to local extinction, with devastating implications for other species and the health of the forests themselves. But wildlife is an important source of protein and cash for rural peoples. Can hunting be managed to conserve biological communities while meeting human needs? Are hunting rates as practiced by tropical forest peoples sustainable? If not, what are the biological, social, and cultural implications of this failure? Answering these questions is ever more important as national and international agencies seek to integrate the development of local peoples with the conservation of tropical forest systems and species. This book presents a wide array of studies that examine the sustainability of hunting as practiced by rural peoples. Comprising work by both biological and social scientists, Hunting for Sustainability in Tropical Forests provides a balanced viewpoint on the ecological and human aspects of this hunting. The first section examines the effects of hunting on wildlife in tropical forests throughout the world. The next section looks at the importance of hunting to local communities. The third section looks at institutional challenges of resource management, while the fourth draws on economic perspectives to understand both hunting and sustainability. A final section provides synthesis and summary of the factors that influence sustainability and the implications for management. Drawing on examples from Ecuador to Congo-Zaire to Sulawesi, Hunting for Sustainability in Tropical Forests will be a valuable resource to policymakers, conservation organizations, and students and scholars of biology, ecology, and anthropology.
Download or read book Towards a sustainable participatory and inclusive wild meat sector written by Coad, L. and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The meat of wild species, referred to in this report as ‘wild meat’, is an essential source of protein and a generator of income for millions of forest-living communities in tropical and subtropical regions. However, unsustainable harvest rates currently
Download or read book The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation written by Shane P. Mahoney and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The foremost experts on the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation come together to discuss its role in the rescue, recovery, and future of our wildlife resources. At the end of the nineteenth century, North America suffered a catastrophic loss of wildlife driven by unbridled resource extraction, market hunting, and unrelenting subsistence killing. This crisis led powerful political forces in the United States and Canada to collaborate in the hopes of reversing the process, not merely halting the extinctions but returning wildlife to abundance. While there was great understanding of how to manage wildlife in Europe, where wildlife management was an old, mature profession, Continental methods depended on social values often unacceptable to North Americans. Even Canada, a loyal colony of England, abandoned wildlife management as practiced in the mother country and joined forces with like-minded Americans to develop a revolutionary system of wildlife conservation. In time, and surviving the close scrutiny and hard ongoing debate of open, democratic societies, this series of conservation practices became known as the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation. In this book, editors Shane P. Mahoney and Valerius Geist, both leading authorities on the North American Model, bring together their expert colleagues to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins, achievements, and shortcomings of this highly successful conservation approach. This volume • reviews the emergence of conservation in late nineteenth–early twentieth century North America • provides detailed explorations of the Model's institutions, principles, laws, and policies • places the Model within ecological, cultural, and socioeconomic contexts • describes the many economic, social, and cultural benefits of wildlife restoration and management • addresses the Model's challenges and limitations while pointing to emerging opportunities for increasing inclusivity and optimizing implementation Studying the North American experience offers insight into how institutionalizing policies and laws while incentivizing citizen engagement can result in a resilient framework for conservation. Written for wildlife professionals, researchers, and students, this book explores the factors that helped fashion an enduring conservation system, one that has not only rescued, recovered, and sustainably utilized wildlife for over a century, but that has also advanced a significant economic driver and a greater scientific understanding of wildlife ecology. Contributors: Leonard A. Brennan, Rosie Cooney, James L. Cummins, Kathryn Frens, Valerius Geist, James R. Heffelfinger, David G. Hewitt, Paul R. Krausman, Shane P. Mahoney, John F. Organ, James Peek, William Porter, John Sandlos, James A. Schaefer
Download or read book Crabs in Cold Water Regions written by A. J. Paul and published by Alaska Sea Grant College Program. This book was released on 2002 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international group of specialists presented these 53 papers at the sixth crab symposium in the Lowell Wakefield symposium series at the U. of Alaska in January of 2001. The main themes include crab life cycles, reproductive biology and behavior, recruitment and population dynamics, fisheries and stock assessment, environment and habitat, and fisheries management. Individual papers present the results of research on topics that include the bitter crab syndrome in Tanner crab, re-stratification of red king crab assessment, population structure of blue king crab, habitat use by juvenile crabs, the impact of the European green crab in the Pacific, and use of tag recapture data to estimate natural mortality. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
