Download or read book Enhancing the Methane Yield of a Landfill Leachate Bioreactor written by Paul Vecchiarelli and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhancement of Biogas Production from Organic Wastes Through Leachate Blending and Co digestion written by Adewale Aromolaran and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several operational and environmental conditions can result in poor biogas yield during the operation of anaerobic digesters and anaerobic bioreactor landfills. Over time, anaerobic co-digestion and leachate blending have been identified as strategies that can help address some of these challenges to improve biogas production. While co-digestion entails the co-treatment of multiple substrates, leachate blending involves combination of mature and young landfill leachate. Despite the benefits attributed to these strategies, their impact on recirculating bioreactor landfill scenarios and anaerobic digesters requires further investigation. In the first phase of this thesis, an attempt to assess biogas production improvement from organic fraction of municipal solid waste in simulated bioreactor landfills through recirculation of blended landfill leachate was conducted. Real old and new leachate blends (67%New leachate:33%Old leachate, 33%New leachate:67%Old leachate) as well as 100%New and 100%Old leachate were recirculated through six laboratory-scale bioreactors using open-loop and closed-loops modes. Compared with the control bioreactor where 100% new leachate was recirculated and operated as a closed-loop, cumulative biogas production was improved by as much as 77 to 193% when a leachate blend of 33%New:67%Old was recirculated. Furthermore, comparison of the results from open-loop and closed-loop operated bioreactors indicated that there was approximately 28 to 65% more biogas in open-loop bioreactors. The Gompertz model applied to the methane data produced a better fit (R2 > 0.99) than first order and logistic function models. Leachate blending reduced the lag phase by almost half and thus helps in alleviating the ensiling during the start-up phase. In the second phase, a biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of percentage sewage scum addition; 10%, 20% and 40% (volatile solids basis) on biogas production during mesophilic co-digestion with various organic substrates viz; organic fraction of municipal solid waste, old leachate, new leachate and a leachate blend prepared from 67%old leachate and 33%new leachate under sub-optimal condition. Results show that the net cumulative bio-methane yield was improved with increased sewage scum percentage during co-digestion because of positive synergism. Meanwhile, the addition of 40% sewage scum to the individual co-substrates improved net cumulative bio-methane yield by 28% - 67% when compared to their respective mono-substrate digestion bio-methane yield. Furthermore, reactors containing leachate blends consistently produced more biogas over other sets because of blending. Kinetic modelling applied to the bio-methane production data shows modified Gompertz equation achieved a better fit with up to an R2 value of 0.999. Finally, co-digestion substantially reduced the lag time encountered during mono-digestion. In the last phase, the biomethane potential involved in the ACo-D of sewage scum, organic fraction of municipal solid waste was investigated in this phase using either thickened waste activated sludge or leachate blend (67%old leachate and 33%new leachate) as a tertiary component. Compared to the mono-digestion of TWAS, results shows that biomethane yield was enhanced in by as much as 32 - 127% in trinary mixtures with SS and OFMSW mainly due to the effect of positive synergism. Furthermore, LB addition improved biomethane production in trinary mixtures of SS:LB: OFMSW by 38% than in corresponding trinary mixtures of TWAS. Whereas an optimal combination of 40%SS:10%TWAS:50%OFMSW and 20%SS:70%LB:10%OFMSW produced the highest biogas yield of 407mL.gVS-1 and 487mL.gVS-1 respectively. The application of the first order model showed that lower hydrolysis rates promoted methanogenesis with k = 0.04day-1 in both 20%SS:70%LB:10%OFMSW and 20%SS:50%LB:30%OFMSW. Estimations by the modified Gompertz and logistic function were conclusive methane production rate improved by as much a 60% in a trinary mixture over the production rate during mono-digestion of TWAS alone. The results of the various experiments of this thesis therefore suggest that leachate blending can be used as a strategy to improve biogas production in both bioreactor landfills and anaerobic digesters. Also, sewage scum as an energy-rich substrate can be better utilized during co-digestion with other low-energy substrates.

Download or read book Landfill Bioreactor Design Operation written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using biotechnology to help control landfill processes can mitigate costs, shorten the time needed to process solid waste, and ease the typical ecological damage to the land being used. This first-of-its-kind book provides regulators, designers, landfill owners, and operators with information that supports the utility of landfill bioreactors and provides design and operating criteria essential for the successful application of this technology. It pulls together laboratory, pilot, and full-scale experiences into one concise guide to designing and running municipal landfills as bioreactors. Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation covers the history and background of landfill technology, research studies of actual bioreactor landfills, expected leachate and gas yields, specific design criteria, operation guidelines, and reuse of landfill sites to avoid having to establish new sites. For anyone looking for an alternative to large, wasteful landfill sites, this book provides a practical alternative to the problem.

Download or read book Enhanced stabilisation of municipal solid waste in bioreactor landfills written by Roberto Valencia Vazquez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Municipal solid waste entombed in landfills will produce pollution in the form of landfill gas and leachate when the barriers fail in the long term. Bioreactor landfills are an alternative solution to avoid such negative impacts and to achieve a more stable residue, the so-called Final Storage Quality (FSQ) of residues. However, until now the main

Download or read book Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes written by J. Mata-Alvarez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to understand the practical principles as well as the origin of possible problems arising from the management of the process. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor, paying special attention to existing models, particularly the dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined. Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion, enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally, full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types (mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process, are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an example of integrated waste management, a field in which both economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented. The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process enhancement and strategies for its application.

Download or read book A Novel Computational Approach for the Management of Bioreactor Landfills written by Mohamed E. S. M. Abdallah and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Characteristics and Stability Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste in Bioreactor Landfills written by Mohamed Adil Haque and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioreactor landfills are operated to enhance refuse decomposition, gas production, and waste stabilization. The major aspect of bioreactor landfill operation is the recirculation of generated leachate back through the refuse mass. Due to the accelerated decomposition and settlement of solid waste, bioreactor landfills are gaining popularity as an alternative to the conventional landfill designed under Subtitle D regulations. However, recirculation of leachate or addition of water to accelerate the waste decomposition changes the biodegradation and geotechnical characteristics of waste mass. Our understanding of changes in engineering characteristics of solid waste with accelerated decomposition is limited. There is a need to understand and explain the changes in characteristics associated with stability analysis of landfills. The objective of this research is to study the changes in strength characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) in bioreactor landfills with time and decomposition. In order to understand the changes in strength properties of MSW in bioreactor landfills with time and decomposition an experimental program was developed. Eight small scale reactors, representative of bioreactor landfill, were built in laboratory, and samples were prepared to represent different phases of decomposition. The state of decomposition was quantified by methane yield, pH, and volatile solids. The geotechnical testing program (CD triaxial test and resonant column tests) was performed to determine shear strength and dynamic characteristics of MSW in bioreactor landfill. The test results indicated that the measured shear strength and dynamic properties of MSW are significantly affected by the degree of decomposition. The friction angle of MSW decreased from 26.7° in Phase I to 19° in Phase IV. The shear modulus increased from 2.11 MPa in Phase I to 12.56 MPa in Phase IV. The change in shear strength and dynamic properties of MSW was attributed to the breakdown in fibrous nature of solid waste particles with degradation. Based on the measured experimental results, stability analyses were conducted. The finite element program PLAXIS and limit equilibrium program STABL was used to analyze the stability of MSW in bioreactor landfills. The stability was evaluated at both under normal and those during earthquake conditions. The factor of safety estimated using PLAXIS and GSTABL under both the conditions decreased as the solid waste degraded with time. The results indicates that the stability of bioreactor landfills should be evaluated using the strength characteristics determined as a function of time and decomposition rather than using average values.

Download or read book Start Up of Anaerobic Bioreactor Landfills in Cold Climates by Intermittent Air Injection written by Reem Musleh and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Nano Zero Valent Iron on Degradation of Municipal Solid Waste in Bioreactor Landfills written by Meenakshi Gangopadhyay and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has substantial potential for reducing contamination, toxicity and overall human health hazards and environmental risks. In recent times, nano zero valent iron has proved to be effective in contaminant reduction and pollution control. Iron is an important micronutrient for the microbes involved in the anaerobic decomposition of solid waste in bioreactor landfills. Landfill leachate sometimes contains toxic compounds which nano zero valent iron has proven to be very effective in removing, particularly chlorinated organics, heavy metals, and odorous sulfides. Iron can also potentially increase landfill methane generation by removing long chain fatty acids and sulfides that inhibit methanogenesis. nZVI materials are highly reactive and have been previously used to remove contaminants from water and soil. However, no studies have been conducted regarding the effect of adding nZVI to Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) degradation. Therefore, the investigation of the nanoparticles in stabilizing MSW was the primary goal of this study. The current study focuses on the change in gas production and leachate characteristics due to addition of nZVI particles to MSW in laboratory scale set ups of bioreactor landfills. The current study compared MSW decomposition in lab scale simulated bioreactors, with and without the presence of nano zero valent iron (nZVI). 6-gallon PVC lab scale bioreactors were filled with MSW collected from the Denton Landfill, with added sludge from a wastewater treatment plant as a source of microorganisms and moisture, along with leachate recirculation. nZVI (0.01% by weight of the total mass of solid waste present) was added to one of the reactors. The gas results show that the two reactors had a comparable percentage of methane. Both reactors produced similar quantities of gas during the first 20 days. However, the reactor with the added nZVI had a lag period of approximately 50 days after that, before its gas production peaked. The lag was probably due to microbes acclimating to the increased iron level. The hypothesis that iron would enhance methane production, however, turned out not to be true. The leachate results, for the most part are consistent with the results of the gas production. The lag in gas production for reactor 2 is also reflected in the leachate pH. The pH for both reactors dropped for the first couple of weeks and picked up with the start of methane production. In case of the second reactor there was a lag phase before the pH started to increase. Similarly, there was a lag in the COD decrease as well for reactor 2. However, the BOD results are not consistent as there is a marked difference in the leachate BOD for reactor 2 between the first and second months. This may be due to the presence of nZVI in the reactor 2 leachate. Also, the BOD and COD values for the second reactor leachate were considerably higher, possibly due to the presence of nZVI.

Download or read book Characterization of Kinetics and Performance in a Microbial Fuel Cell Supplied with Synthetic Landfill Leachate written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Biodegradable municipal solid waste (MSW) is rich in biochemical energy; however, much of this energy is sequestered in conventional landfills. Although bioreactor landfills enhance conversion of MSW to methane, the generated methane is a potent greenhouse gas and cannot be fully captured in landfills. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can directly convert the biochemical energy in MSW to electricity, treat leachate, extend landfill longevity, and minimize fugitive methane emissions. However, the electricity production from MFCs cannot yet meet the energy demands of treatment and improvements in the performance of leachate-fed MFCs are needed. Effective approaches for the design and operation of MFCs are currently lacking. Therefore, the goals of this study are to (1) improve our understanding of the effect of substrate concentration and organic loading rate on the performance of MFCs, and (2) estimate the kinetics parameters needed for the modeling of MFC-leachate treatment systems. These goals were achieved by generating synthetic leachate using a laboratory-scale bioreactor landfill filled with shredded paper, food waste, and dry dog food. The leachate was diluted to different substrate (chemical oxygen demand, COD) concentrations until steady-state current production was achieved at a given COD loading rate. Voltage in the MFC was measured continuously and, along with steady-state measurements of COD removal in the MFC, was used to estimate microbial kinetic parameters in the MFC and determine the optimal conditions for current production, the conversion of biochemical substrates to electricity (coulombic efficiency), and COD removal. This study will help inform the future design and operation of bioreactor landfill-MFC treatment systems to achieve more effective leachate treatment as well as more efficient electricity generation.

Download or read book Sustainable Waste Management Through Operating Landfill as Biocell written by Naima Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste is being generated at a record pace, and disposal of it requires advanced waste management services at a reasonable cost. Landfilling is the most suitable waste disposal and management technique currently available, and it is being used throughout the world. It is, however, the largest anthropogenic source of atmospheric methane, and it requires a lot of space. The primary objective of this study was to investigate an alternative sustainable solution to waste management by operating landfills as biocells. Biocells are cost effective, produce methane more rapidly, and accelerate space recovery. A laboratory scale study was conducted to investigate the effects of enzymes and manure on solid waste decomposition and gas production in a landfill biocell. To simulate the biocell, laboratory scale reactors were filled with municipal solid waste (MSW) and food waste, and the manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzyme, three types of manure (from cows, pigs and horses), and sludge were used as inoculum. MSW reactors with MnP produced the highest amount of methane, followed by reactors with pig manure. Among the food waste reactors, the highest methane volume was generated by reactors with cow manure. But all of the food waste reactors produced less methane than the MSW reactors, due to the long lag phase. Based on the results from the laboratory scale study, two field scale test cells (control cell and biocell) were installed in the City of Denton Landfill with MSW feedstock and were monitored for almost 14 months. Though reactors with MnP produced the highest amount of methane in the laboratory, it was not used in field. Instead, a combination similar to that of the MSW reactor with pig manure was used in the field biocell, where the control was simulated as a bioreactor landfill. The results from the field experiment revealed that the biocell test section that was fed with organic fractions of MSW, pig manure, and sludge produced nearly three times more the amount of methane (12,437 standard cubic feet) than the control section (4,644 standard cubic feet). The estimated decay rate of the biocell was considerably larger (1.32 year−1) than the decay rate of control cell (0.18 year−1) and the other values found in literature (0.003 to 0.21 year−1). The quality and amount of the landfill biogas and quality of the leachate showed that the pig manure enhanced the MSW biodegradation in both laboratory scale landfill simulation and field application. Thus, it can be concluded that operating a landfill as a biocell is a sustainable waste management system that results in enhanced methane production and waste decomposition.

Download or read book Management of Organic Waste written by Sunil Kumar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports research on the utilization of organic waste through composting and vermicomposting, biogas production, recovery of waste materials, and the chemistry involved in the processing of organic waste under various processing aspects. A few chapters on collection systems and disposal of wastes have also been included.

Download or read book Landfill aeration written by Rainer Stegmann and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions written by Malgorzata Pawlowska and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfilling has been and still remains an important means of municipal solid waste management but it poses a threat to the purity of the environment, especially air. In the coming years, a radical decline in the share of landfilling in waste disposal practices should not be expected. However, this is not to say that people are powerless in the face of the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere, the spread of bioaerosols and odors. There are many ways of preventing the negative impact of landfills or protecting the environment against such an impact. Some of these preventive and protective measures are described in Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions. Special attention is given to the application of anaerobic, aerobic and semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills for control of landfill gas emission. Different types of biotic systems for the oxidation of methane and trace gases, such as biocovers, biofilters, and biowindows, are also presented.

Download or read book Bioreactor Landfill Research and Demonstration Project Northern Oaks Landfill Harrison MI written by Xiando Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bioreactor landfill cell with 1.2-acre footprint was constructed, filled, operated, and monitored atNorthern Oaks Recycling and Disposal Facility (NORDF) at Harrison, MI. With a filled volume of74,239 cubic yards, the cell contained approximately 35,317 tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) and20,777 tons of cover soil. It was laid on the slope of an existing cell but separated by a geosyntheticmembrane liner. After the cell reached a design height of 60 feet, it was covered with a geosyntheticmembrane cap. A three-dimensional monitoring system to collect data at 48 different locations wasdesigned and installed during the construction phase of the bioreactor cell. Each location had a cluster of monitoring devices consisting of a probe to monitor moisture and temperature, a leachate collection basin, and a gas sampling port. An increase in moisture content of the MSW in the bioreactor cell was achieved by pumping leachatecollected on-site from various other cells, as well as recirculation of leachate from the bioreactor landfillcell itself. Three types of leachate injection systems were evaluated in this bioreactor cell for theirefficacy to distribute pumped leachate uniformly: a leachate injection pipe buried in a 6-ft wide horizontalstone mound, a 15-ft wide geocomposite drainage layer, and a 60-ft wide geocomposite drainage layer. All leachate injection systems were installed on top of the compacted waste surface. The distribution ofwater and resulting MSW moisture content throughout the bioreactor cell was found to be similar for thethree designs. Water coming into and leaving the cell (leachate pumped in, precipitation, snow, evaporation, and collected leachate) was monitored in order to carry out a water balance. Using a leachate injection rate of 26 - 30 gal/yard3, the average moisture content increased from 25% to 35% (wet based) over the period of this study. One of the key aspects of this bioreactor landfill study was to evaluate bioreactor start up andperformance in locations with colder climate. For lifts filled during the summer months, methanegeneration started within three months after completion of the lift. For lifts filled in winter months, verylittle methane production occurred even eight months after filling. The temperature data indicated thatsubzero or slightly above zero (oC) temperatures persisted for unusually long periods (more than sixmonths) in the lifts filled during winter months. This was likely due to the high thermal insulationcapability of the MSW and the low level of biological activity during start up. This observation indicatesthat bioreactor landfills located in cold climate and filled during winter months may require mechanismsto increase temperature and initiate biodegradation. Thus, besides moisture, temperature may be the next important factor controlling the biological decomposition in anaerobic bioreactor landfills. Spatial and temporal characterization of leachate samples indicated the presence of low levels ofcommonly used volatile organic compounds (including acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutylketone, and toluene) and metals (including arsenic, chromium, and zinc). Changes and leachate andgaseous sample characteristics correlated with enhanced biological activity and increase in temperature. Continued monitoring of this bioreactor landfill cell is expected to yield critical data needed for start up, design, and operation of this emerging process.

Download or read book Effect of Chicken Manure on Methane Production from MSW in Lab Scale Anaerobic Reactors written by Md Tauhidul Islam and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major problems of urbanization is the production of a huge amount of Municipal Solid Waste. The cities and metropolitan areas are generating more and more solid waste and these wastes are filling up the landfill rapidly. Creating new landfills after a few years is not a solution as there is not much space in urban areas. Moreover, making the landfills far away from cities is not economically viable as longer hauling distance increases the cost. In this scenario, Bioreactor landfill is a viable solution to this problem. Bioreactor landfills can save a lot of space and it can become even more effective if the waste in the landfill can be decomposed faster. There are few methods to achieve faster degradation of the waste; among them, leachate recirculation is the most convenient way. Besides the leachate recirculation, added sludge and manures can provide nitrogen-rich, macro, and micronutrients for the microbial activities. In anaerobic conditions, the degradation of MSW was enhanced either by using sludge or animal manures as inoculum in previous studies. However, this study is done to measure the performance of chicken manures mixeded with sludge and wastewater on the degradation of municipal solid waste, which has not been conducted on laboratory scale reactors. Therefore, this study was performed to find the effects of the addition of chicken manure and sludge with wastewater recirculation in the degradation of MSW in laboratory simulated bioreactors and compare them with previous studies using other manures.In this study, six reactors were prepared with MSW, sludge and chicken manure. The reactors were operated at the University of Texas at Arlington in environmental growth chamber situated in Civil Engineering Laboratory Building at 100oF and were checked frequently. The pH, BOD and COD measurements were performed on generated leachate. The gas volume and gas composition measurement were done regularly for 150 days. Based on the experimental results, reactors with chicken manure as inoculum showed better results compared to other reactors. The highest volume of CH4 was produced by reactors designated as W3 and W4 with chicken manure and sludge with wastewater recirculation, produced 49.14 L. and 45.1 L. with peak methane yield of 0.49 and 0.34 L/lb./day respectively. And, the percentage of weight reduced was found to be 57.76% and 57.55% for reactors W3 and W4 with chicken manure respectively. Thus, based on the experimental study, it was determined chicken manure has the potential to be applied as inoculum for enhancing the degradation of waste. Therefore, chicken manure is suggested as an economical and available inoculum for the Sustainable Bioreactor landfill.

Download or read book Methane from Community Wastes written by R. Isaacson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-11-08 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is hoped that this book will promote an appreciation of the environmental problems, energy demand and resources, the economics and risks involved that are essential to define the role of waste-to-energy systems in the future.