Download or read book Enhancing PET Functionalities with Novel Geometries and Multimodal Imaging Techniques written by Suranjana Samanta and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive imaging modality that can provide in vivo quantitative information of biological processes at a biochemical level. The majority of PET systems have a ring geometry where the detectors fully encircle an axial section of a patient to provide whole-body imaging capability using multiple bed positions. However, these clinical whole-body PET systems are limited in terms of both image resolution and system sensitivity. To achieve a high resolution, customized geometries which trade global utility for application specific performance (breast, small animals etc.) imaging probes may be utilized. In some cases, an application-specific PET system can also significantly improve the system sensitivity, while in other cases new imaging capabilities are the main focus of a system design. Since these systems may have non-cylindrical geometries, they require a generalized reconstruction framework which is system geometry independent.To support the implementation of such PET systems with unconventional geometries, we have developed a fully 3D list-mode GPU based image reconstruction framework using maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (ML-EM) algorithm. We have implemented correction procedures like normalization, attenuation correction and scatter correction for this image reconstruction framework to support arbitrary system geometry and interactive imaging using the PET/US system. We compare the performance of our framework with a clinical reconstruction framework. For all the systems investigated in our work, we have used this reconstruction framework. We also modified the framework to support continuous patient bed motion acquisition. Appropriate correction techniques (attenuation, scatter, normalization) for continuous bed motion need to be explored in future. We propose a high-performance dedicated breast PET imaging device concept which will scan both breasts simultaneously and have high sensitivity and resolution; fine temporal resolution; complete visualization of both breasts, mediastinum and axilla; and a modular design that can be inserted into a body MR scanner to provide dual-modality imaging (PET and MRI) allowing for MRI guided biopsy access. The volumetric geometry is illustrated along with GATE Monte Carlo simulations of various sized lesions (4-6mm) of differing lesion: background ratios (6:1 to 4:1) mimicking different biological uptake. We finally compare this dedicated breast PET imager to a state-of-the-art clinical PET/CT scanner. In another direction, we propose a novel PET/Ultrasound imaging system that will bring both these modalities to patient bedside to support point-of-care applications with near real-time interactive imaging capability. It consists of a movable hybrid imaging probe consisting of PET detector arrays and an ultrasound transducer. The PET detectors are in coincidence with a detector array behind a patient. The movable detectors make it possible for the operator to control the scanning trajectory freely to achieve optimal coverage and sensitivity for patient specific imaging tasks. The initial application is to detect vulnerable plaque in carotid artery using [64Cu]DOTA-ECL1i, a PET tracer targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) developed at Washington University which may identify high-risk plaques with inflammation. We present Monte Carlo simulation studies to test the feasibility of the system. We further optimize the system design, develop time-of-flight (TOF) PET detectors and develop a proof-of-concept POC PET/Ultrasound prototype. We perform phantom studies using this prototype and demonstrate the feasibility of this system to provide adequate anatomic, functional and molecular imaging information for carotid artery imaging. We also investigate another application of the POC PET technology to image lungs. Since, this is a stand-alone system targeted for imaging larger patient volumes, non-uniform tissue attenuation is a challenge. We implement a transmission-scan based attenuation correction and perform simulations to test this correction method with a known analytical æ-map based correction. We also report sensitivity and reconstructed phantom images as well as demonstrate an interactive scanning strategy. Finally, we discuss additional works needed to extend this list-mode reconstruction framework to support continuous-bed-motion acquisition in the future.

Download or read book Physics of PET and SPECT Imaging written by Magnus Dahlbom and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PET and SPECT imaging has improved to such a level that they are opening up exciting new horizons in medical diagnosis and treatment. This book provides a complete introduction to fundamentals and the latest progress in the field, including an overview of new scintillator materials and innovations in photodetector development, as well as the latest system designs and image reconstruction algorithms. It begins with basics of PET and SPECT physics, followed by technology advances and computing methods, quantitative techniques, multimodality imaging, instrumentation, pre-clinical and clinical imaging applications.

Download or read book Improving PET Image Quality by System Modeling Anatomical Information and Geometry Design written by Kuang Gong and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality widely used in oncology, cardiology, and neuroscience. Though PET has high specificity and sensitivity compared with other imaging modalities, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of PET image is still low due to the limits in the spatial resolution and number of coincidence-photons detected during a given scan time. This thesis focuses on improving PET image quality by developing new methods for accurate system modeling and incorporating anatomical information from MR (Magnetic Resonance), and novel geometry design. The first part of the thesis develops a new method for system modeling. An accurate system matrix is essential in PET for reconstructing high quality images. For PET scanners with a long axial field of view (FOV), inter-crystal penetration and scatters not only result in radial elongation, but also reduce axial resolution and four-dimensional blurring kernels are needed to model the sinogram blurring. Estimation of the 4D axial-variant sinogram blurring matrix is an ill-conditioned problem due to the large number of unknowns. Here we propose a rank-one approximation for each row of the sinogram blurring matrix to improve the stability of the axial-variant blurring matrix estimation. The second part focus on incorporating prior information into PET denoising and reconstruction. With the recent development of combined PET/MR systems, we can improve the PET image quality by including MR information. Here we combine both the PET and MRI information to improve the quality of dynamic PET reconstruction. We examined different approaches to combine the PET and MRI information in kernel learning to address the issue of potential mismatches between MRI and PET signals. The proposed method is applied to direct reconstruction for both linear and nonlinear models. Apart from prior MR information, prior patients' high count data can also be used to improve PET image quality through the deep neural network framework as shown in this work. Finally, to improve the sensitivity of PET imaging, we study novel PET scanner geometries. Here we focus on brain imaging applications and propose a compact 'helmet' design based on the analysis of different system designs. As the proposed geometry has irregular geometry, system modeling based on multi-ray-on-the-fly calculation is used. Results show that the proposed geometry can achieve four-fold higher sensitivity and also resolve smaller features than existing cylindrical brain PET scanners.

Download or read book Advances in organ specific PET instrumentation and their clinical and research applications An Issue of PET Clinics E Book written by Abass Alavi and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-11-13 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of PET Clinics, guest editors Drs. Abass Alavi, Habib Zaidi, and Suleman Surti bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Advances in Organ-specific PET Instrumentation and Their Clinical Applications. Top experts cover key topics such as the increasing use of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology, advances in depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight (TOF) PET detectors, the use of artificial intelligence technologies for detector development; and more. Contains 11 relevant, practice-oriented topics including advances in PET detectors and readout technologies; whole-gamma imaging; clinical applications of dedicated brain PET; clinical applications of dedicated breast PET; potential clinical applications of dedicated prostate PET; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on advances in organ-specific PET instrumentation and their clinical applications, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Download or read book Deep Neural Networks for Multimodal Imaging and Biomedical Applications written by Suresh, Annamalai and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-06-26 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of healthcare is seeing a rapid expansion of technological advancement within current medical practices. The implementation of technologies including neural networks, multi-model imaging, genetic algorithms, and soft computing are assisting in predicting and identifying diseases, diagnosing cancer, and the examination of cells. Implementing these biomedical technologies remains a challenge for hospitals worldwide, creating a need for research on the specific applications of these computational techniques. Deep Neural Networks for Multimodal Imaging and Biomedical Applications provides research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of emerging data computing methods and imaging techniques within healthcare and biomedicine. The publication provides a complete set of information in a single module starting from developing deep neural networks to predicting disease by employing multi-modal imaging. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as prediction models, edge computing, and quantitative measurements, this book is ideally designed for researchers, academicians, physicians, IT consultants, medical software developers, practitioners, policymakers, scholars, and students seeking current research on biomedical advancements and developing computational methods in healthcare.

Download or read book Application of Multimodal Imaging Combined with Artificial Intelligence in Eye Diseases written by Xin Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-18 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nanohybrids in Environmental Biomedical Applications written by Surender Kumar Sharma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-09 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterostructured nanoparticles have the capability for a broad range of novel and enhanced properties, which leads to appealing biomedical and environmental applications. This timely new book addresses the design and preparation of multiphase nanomaterials with desired size, shape, phase composition, and crystallinity, as well as their current applications. It emphasizes key examples to motivate deeper studies, including nanomaterial-based hyperthermia treatment of cancer, nanohybrids for water purification, nanostructures used in the removal or detection of bioagents from waste water, and so on. Features Presents state of the art research on heterostructured nanomaterials, from their synthesis and physiochemical properties to current environmental and biological applications. Includes details on toxicity and risk assessment of multifunctional nanomaterials. Discusses recent developments and utilization in healthcare by leading experts. Introduces the main features of functionalization of nanomaterials in terms of desired size, shape, phase composition, surface functionalization/coating, toxicity, and geometry. Emphasizes practical applications in the environmental and biomedical sectors.

Download or read book Mechanobiology written by Glen L. Niebur and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-12-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanobiology: From Molecular Sensing to Disease will provide a review of the current state of understanding of mechanobiology and its role in health and disease. It covers: Current understanding of the main molecular pathways by which cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, A review of diseases that with known or purported mechanobiological underpinnings; The role of mechanobiology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; Experimental methods to capture mechanobiological phenomena; Computational models in mechanobiology. Presents our current understanding of the main molecular pathways by which cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli Provides a review of diseases with known or purported mechanobiological underpinnings Includes the role of mechanobiology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Covers experimental methods to capture mechanobiological phenomena

Download or read book Visualizing Chemistry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-06-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and engineers have long relied on the power of imaging techniques to help see objects invisible to the naked eye, and thus, to advance scientific knowledge. These experts are constantly pushing the limits of technology in pursuit of chemical imagingâ€"the ability to visualize molecular structures and chemical composition in time and space as actual events unfoldâ€"from the smallest dimension of a biological system to the widest expanse of a distant galaxy. Chemical imaging has a variety of applications for almost every facet of our daily lives, ranging from medical diagnosis and treatment to the study and design of material properties in new products. In addition to highlighting advances in chemical imaging that could have the greatest impact on critical problems in science and technology, Visualizing Chemistry reviews the current state of chemical imaging technology, identifies promising future developments and their applications, and suggests a research and educational agenda to enable breakthrough improvements.

Download or read book Multimodal Brain Image Fusion Methods Evaluations and Applications written by Yu Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Small Animal Imaging written by Fabian Kiessling and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is a practical guide to the use of small animal imaging in preclinical research that will assist in the choice of imaging modality and contrast agent and in study design, experimental setup, and data evaluation. All established imaging modalities are discussed in detail, with the assistance of numerous informative illustrations. While the focus of the new edition remains on practical basics, it has been updated to encompass a variety of emerging imaging modalities, methods, and applications. Additional useful hints are also supplied on the installation of a small animal unit, study planning, animal handling, and cost-effective performance of small animal imaging. Cross-calibration methods and data postprocessing are considered in depth. This new edition of Small Animal Imaging will be an invaluable aid for researchers, students, and technicians involved in research into and applications of small animal imaging.

Download or read book Nanobiomaterials in Medical Imaging written by Alexandru Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-04-13 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanobiomaterials in Medical Imaging presents the latest developments in medical exploratory approaches using nanotechnology. Leading researchers from around the world discuss recent progress and state-of-the-art techniques. The book covers synthesis and surface modification of multimodal imaging agents, popular examples of nanoparticles and their applications in different imaging techniques, and combinatorial therapy for the development of multifunctional nanocarriers. The advantages and potential of current techniques are also considered. This book will be of interest to postdoctoral researchers, professors and students engaged in the fields of materials science, biotechnology and applied chemistry. It will also be highly valuable to those working in industry, including pharmaceutics and biotechnology companies, medical researchers, biomedical engineers and advanced clinicians. A valuable resource for researchers, practitioners and students working in biomedical, biotechnological and engineering fields A detailed guide to recent scientific progress, along with the latest application methods Presents innovative opportunities and ideas for developing or improving technologies in nanomedicine and medical imaging

Download or read book Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis written by Gobert Lee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents cutting-edge research and applications of deep learning in a broad range of medical imaging scenarios, such as computer-aided diagnosis, image segmentation, tissue recognition and classification, and other areas of medical and healthcare problems. Each of its chapters covers a topic in depth, ranging from medical image synthesis and techniques for muskuloskeletal analysis to diagnostic tools for breast lesions on digital mammograms and glaucoma on retinal fundus images. It also provides an overview of deep learning in medical image analysis and highlights issues and challenges encountered by researchers and clinicians, surveying and discussing practical approaches in general and in the context of specific problems. Academics, clinical and industry researchers, as well as young researchers and graduate students in medical imaging, computer-aided-diagnosis, biomedical engineering and computer vision will find this book a great reference and very useful learning resource.

Download or read book Computational Intelligence in Personalized Medicine written by Khin Wee Lai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-17 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book IMAGE QUALITY ENHANCEMENT USING FUSION TECHNIQUE written by KAPIL JOSHI and published by Book Rivers. This book was released on 2022-01-02 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Medical Imaging Informatics written by Alex A.T. Bui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Imaging Informatics provides an overview of this growing discipline, which stems from an intersection of biomedical informatics, medical imaging, computer science and medicine. Supporting two complementary views, this volume explores the fundamental technologies and algorithms that comprise this field, as well as the application of medical imaging informatics to subsequently improve healthcare research. Clearly written in a four part structure, this introduction follows natural healthcare processes, illustrating the roles of data collection and standardization, context extraction and modeling, and medical decision making tools and applications. Medical Imaging Informatics identifies core concepts within the field, explores research challenges that drive development, and includes current state-of-the-art methods and strategies.

Download or read book Molecular Imaging written by Shankar Vallabhajosula and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-13 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioisotope-based molecular imaging probes provide unprecedented insight into biochemistry and function involved in both normal and disease states of living systems, with unbiased in vivo measurement of regional radiotracer activities offering very high specificity and sensitivity. No other molecular imaging technology including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can provide such high sensitivity and specificity at a tracer level. The applications of this technology can be very broad ranging from drug development, pharmacokinetics, clinical investigations, and finally to routine diagnostics in radiology. The design and the development of radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging studies using PET/MicroPET or SPECT/MicroSPECT are a unique challenge. This book is intended for a broad audience and written with the main purpose of educating the reader on various aspects including potential clinical utility, limitations of drug development, and regulatory compliance and approvals.