Download or read book Enhancement and Application of Numerical Methods for Snow Avalanche Modelling written by Jordi Castello Sant and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of numerical methods to model snow avalanches is of vital importance since in recent years there has been a notable increase in people exposed to risk areas due to the practice of mountain sports. The creation of tools capable of forecasting and simulating avalanches represents a step forward in minimizing the personal and economic costs caused by these natural disasters. With the collaboration of the Institut Flumen and the hydraulic modelling software Iber, it has been possible to develop a valid application for the simulation of snow avalanches using finite volumes. On account of this, the friction terms of the Saint Venant equations were previously modified to be valid for describing the behaviour of these non-Newtonian fluids. This Thesis analyses the parameters of friction, cohesion and slope to study how they affect the descent of avalanches. In addition, the numerical scheme is extended by incorporating the parameter of entrainment and four equations are developed that depend, independently, on velocity, snow height and bed shear stress. Thenceforth, the model is calibrated, and the equations are compared taking into account the field data of an avalanche registered in the area of Vallter, located in the Pyrenees of Girona. Finally, once the model has been determined to be sufficiently robust, the event of a historical avalanche that occurred in the ancient village of Àrreu -Pyrenees of Lleida- where nineteen inhabitants lost their lives is studied. For the first time, a study is proposed on how this fateful event happened, taking into account the existing historical documentation, and different current methods of protection and containment are proposed to prevent it from happening again.
Download or read book Numerical Modelling of Snow Using Finite Elements written by Martin Stoffel and published by vdf Hochschulverlag AG. This book was released on 2006 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contributions to the Calibration and Global Sensitivity Analysis of Snow Avalanche Numerical Models written by Maria Belen Heredia Guzman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snow avalanche is a natural hazard defined as a snow mass in fast motion. Since the thirties, scientists have been designing snow avalanche models to describe snow avalanches. However, these models depend on some poorly known input parameters that cannot be measured. To understand better model input parameters and model outputs, the aims of this thesis are (i) to propose a framework to calibrate input parameters and (ii) to develop methods to rank input parameters according to their importance in the model taking into account the functional nature of outputs. Within these two purposes, we develop statistical methods based on Bayesian inference and global sensitivity analyses. All the developments are illustrated on test cases and real snow avalanche data.First, we propose a Bayesian inference method to retrieve input parameter distribution from avalanche velocity time series having been collected on experimental test sites. Our results show that it is important to include the error structure (in our case the autocorrelation) in the statistical modeling in order to avoid bias for the estimation of friction parameters.Second, to identify important input parameters, we develop two methods based on variance based measures. For the first method, we suppose that we have a given data sample and we want to estimate sensitivity measures with this sample. Within this purpose, we develop a nonparametric estimation procedure based on the Nadaraya-Watson kernel smoother to estimate aggregated Sobol' indices. For the second method, we consider the setting where the sample is obtained from acceptance/rejection rules corresponding to physical constraints. The set of input parameters become dependent due to the acceptance-rejection sampling, thus we propose to estimate aggregated Shapley effects (extension of Shapley effects to multivariate or functional outputs). We also propose an algorithm to construct bootstrap confidence intervals. For the snow avalanche model application, we consider different uncertainty scenarios to model the input parameters. Under our scenarios, the release avalanche position and volume are the most crucial inputs.Our contributions should help avalanche scientists to (i) account for the error structure in model calibration and (ii) rankinput parameters according to their importance in the models using statistical methods.
Download or read book Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering written by Michael A. Hicks and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 1368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering contains the proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE 2014, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 June 2014). It is the eighth in a series of conferences organised by the European Regional Technical Committee ERTC7 under the auspices of the International
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Dense Snow Avalanches Using Upwinded Finite Difference Methods written by Perry Bartelt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Technical Avalanche Protection Handbook written by Florian Rudolf-Miklau and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snow avalanches can have highly destructive consequences in developed areas. Each year, avalanche catastrophes occur in mountain regions around the globe and cause unnecessary fatalities and severe damage to buildings and infrastructure. In some mountainous regions, especially in the European Alps, technical avalanche defence structures are built to increase the level of safety for inhabited areas; however, new infrastructure such as roads, railway lines and tourist facilities cause new risk potential in hazardous areas. As a result, the demand is increasing for technical avalanche protection solutions. Avalanche defence structures and protection systems are used in most inhabited mountain regions worldwide. During the last decades, technical avalanche protection has evolved from a specialist field to an independent engineering branch that has gained importance in alpine countries such as Austria, Italy, France and Switzerland, as well as in other countries such as Canada, Iceland, Norway and USA. This work is the first comprehensive, English-language overview of technical avalanche protection and establishes state-of-the-art best practices in the field. It covers the fundamentals of avalanche protection technology and includes plans, dimensions, construction and maintenance of defence structures. The editors have collaborated with an international team of experts from Austria, Canada, France, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Norway, Switzerland and USA to produce this landmark handbook.
Download or read book Dynamic Response of Granular and Porous Materials under Large and Catastrophic Deformations written by Kolumban Hutter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A "Sonderforschungsbereich" (SFB) is a programme of the "Deutsche For schungsgemeinschaft" to financially support a concentrated research effort of a number of scientists located principally at one University, Research La boratory or a number of these situated in close proximity to one another so that active interaction among individual scientists is easily possible. Such SFB are devoted to a topic, in our case "Deformation and Failure in Metallic and Granular M aterialK' , and financing is based on a peer reviewed proposal for three (now four) years with the intention of several prolongations after evaluation of intermediate progress and continuation reports. An SFB is terminated in general by a formal workshop, in which the state of the art of the achieved results is presented in oral or I and poster communications to which also guests are invited with whom the individual project investigators may have collaborated. Moreover, a research report in book form is produced in which a number of articles from these lectures are selected and collected, which present those research results that withstood a rigorous reviewing pro cess (with generally two or three referees). The theme deformation and failure of materials is presented here in two volumes of the Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics by Springer Verlag, and the present volume is devoted to granular and porous continua. The complementary volume (Lecture Notes in Applied and Com putational Mechanics, vol. 10, Eds. K. HUTTER & H.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Modeling Landslides and Debris Flows written by Wei Wu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-12 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landslides and debris flows belong to the most dangerous natural hazards in many parts of the world. Despite intensive research, these events continue to result in human suffering, property losses, and environmental degradation every year. Better understanding of the mechanisms and processes of landslides and debris flows will help make reliable predictions, develop mitigation strategies and reduce vulnerability of infrastructure. This book presents contributions to the workshop on Recent Developments in the Analysis, Monitoring and Forecast of Landslides and Debris Flow, in Vienna, Austria, September 9, 2013. The contributions cover a broad spectrum of topics from material behavior, physical modelling over numerical simulation to applications and case studies. The workshop is a joint event of three research projects funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Program: MUMOLADE (Multiscale modelling of landslides and debris flows, www.mumolade.com), REVENUES (Numerical Analysis of Slopes with Vegetations, http://www.revenues-eu.com) and HYDRODRIL (Integrated Risk Assessment of Hydrologically-Driven Landslides, www.boku.ac.at/igt/).
Download or read book Avalanche Dynamics written by S.P. Pudasaini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-30 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avalanches, mudflows and landslides are common and natural phenomena that occur in mountainous regions. With an emphasis on snow avalanches, this book provides a survey and discussion about the motion of avalanche-like flows from initiation to run out. An important aspect of this book is the formulation and investigation of a simple but appropriate continuum mechanical model for the realistic prediction of geophysical flows of granular material.
Download or read book Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX Volume 1 written by Manuel de Matos Fernandes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-06-22 with total page 935 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NUMGE 2018 is the ninth in a series of conferences on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering organized by the ERTC7 under the auspices of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The first conference was held in 1986 in Stuttgart, Germany and the series continued every four years (1990 Santander, Spain; 1994 Manchester, United Kingdom; 1998 Udine, Italy; 2002 Paris, France; 2006 Graz, Austria; 2010 Trondheim, Norway; 2014 Delft, The Netherlands). The conference provides a forum for exchange of ideas and discussion on topics related to numerical modelling in geotechnical engineering. Both senior and young researchers, as well as scientists and engineers from Europe and overseas, are invited to attend this conference to share and exchange their knowledge and experiences. This work is the first volume of NUMGE 2018.
Download or read book Protective Forests as Ecosystem based Solution for Disaster Risk Reduction Eco DRR written by Michaela Teich and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-12-21 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protective forests are a key component to reduce natural hazard risks in mountain areas by preventing or decreasing the frequency, magnitude and/or intensity of snow avalanches, rockfall, landslides, floods, and debris flows. This book summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge and introduces methods and decision support tools to facilitate the use of protective forests for Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) as part of an integrated risk management in the Alpine Space. Moreover, it highlights how translating scientific knowledge into practical solutions can only be achieved by an active and iterative exchange with practitioners and policy makers, and a common understanding of applied concepts and definitions. Only then can protective forests be managed sustainably under constantly changing climate and socio-economic conditions.
Download or read book Glaciological Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics Modelling and Design of Structural Systems written by Alphose Zingoni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-02 with total page 4438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems comprises 330 papers that were presented at the Eighth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2022, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 September 2022). The topics featured may be clustered into six broad categories that span the themes of mechanics, modelling and engineering design: (i) mechanics of materials (elasticity, plasticity, porous media, fracture, fatigue, damage, delamination, viscosity, creep, shrinkage, etc); (ii) mechanics of structures (dynamics, vibration, seismic response, soil-structure interaction, fluid-structure interaction, response to blast and impact, response to fire, structural stability, buckling, collapse behaviour); (iii) numerical modelling and experimental testing (numerical methods, simulation techniques, multi-scale modelling, computational modelling, laboratory testing, field testing, experimental measurements); (iv) design in traditional engineering materials (steel, concrete, steel-concrete composite, aluminium, masonry, timber); (v) innovative concepts, sustainable engineering and special structures (nanostructures, adaptive structures, smart structures, composite structures, glass structures, bio-inspired structures, shells, membranes, space structures, lightweight structures, etc); (vi) the engineering process and life-cycle considerations (conceptualisation, planning, analysis, design, optimization, construction, assembly, manufacture, maintenance, monitoring, assessment, repair, strengthening, retrofitting, decommissioning). Two versions of the papers are available: full papers of length 6 pages are included in the e-book, while short papers of length 2 pages, intended to be concise but self-contained summaries of the full papers, are in the printed book. This work will be of interest to civil, structural, mechanical, marine and aerospace engineers, as well as planners and architects.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Avalanches written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions reviewing the state of the art concerning avalanches
Download or read book Geographic Information Science and Mountain Geomorphology written by Michael Bishop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-30 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the reviews: "Bishop and Schroder (both, Univ. of Nebraska at Omaha) have brought together an impressive group of practitioners in the relatively new application of geographic information science to mountain geomorphology. In doing so, they have produced valuable, first, overall coverage of a high-tech approach to mountain, three-dimensional research. More than 40 contributing authors discuss a wide range of related aspects.... The book is well bound and well produced; each chapter provides an extensive source of references. The numerous line drawings are clearly reproduced, although the mediocre quality of photographic reproduction limits the value of air photographs and satellite images. As is characteristic of many edited collections, there is some variation in chapter quality. Some of the writing is so dense that it requires minute concentration--one chapter, for instance, has 14 pages of references from a total of 43 pages. Nevertheless, this is a vital compendium for a rapidly expanding field of research. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals." (J. D. Ives, Choice, March 2005)
