Download or read book Enhanced Water Recovery from Membrane RO Concentrate written by Yoram Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reverse Osmosis Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhancement of Operational Flexibility in Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes by Concentrate Recycling written by Tae Lee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvements in system and process design has enabled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology to gain foothold in various water treatment and desalination applications. However, energy consumption and mineral scaling on membrane surfaces remain impediments to high recovery operation of RO desalination. Accordingly, research efforts have been devoted to process optimization to improve permeate water productivity, reduce energy cost, and mitigate membrane mineral scaling. In this regard, RO concentrate recycling is an effective approach for enhancing product water recovery, reducing system footprint, and lowering installation as well as operating costs of RO desalination systems and plants. Energy consumption and membrane mineral scaling propensity in RO processes are impacted primarily by the osmotic pressure magnitude and the level of supersaturation of mineral scalants at the membrane surface, respectively, which are, in turn, governed by the operational strategy. Optimization of RO processes with concentrate recycle require fundamental models of RO processes with concentrate recycle under both steady and unsteady-state operation, To date, only simple models have been proposed which are of limited applicability to practical systems given the use of various simplifying assumptions of complete energy recovery, neglect of the efficacy of concentrate flushing in unsteady-state semi-batch RO (SBRO), and omission of concentration polarization. Previous studies have not provided experimental data to corroborate conclusions regarding system performance based on oversimplifications. Moreover, SBRO operation was not assessed relative to steady state RO (SSRO) with partial recycle (SSRO-PR) which is also suitable for high recovery operation with a small footprint. Accordingly, in the present work a fundamental quantitative modeling framework was developed and implemented for the design and operation of SSRO-PR and SBRO. Modeling RO desalting, including at the limit of the thermodynamic restriction, was undertaken to evaluate the minimum energy consumption as a function of product water recovery. SBRO process analysis revealed a significant increase in the salinity range during the RO filtration period and a progressive rise in the initial filtration period salinity until the stable cycle-to-cycle operation is reached. SBRO performance is highly dependent on the efficacy of concentrate discharge and flushing during the SBRO flushing period. For the condition of concentrate flushing under ideal plug flow, energy consumption in SBRO was assessed to be lower than for single-pass RO (SPRO) operation at the same level of overall product water recovery. However, for the practical range of expected concentrate flushing efficacy energy consumption in SBRO could be significantly above that which would be attained in SPRO. Using the direct real-time membrane surface optical imaging mineral scaling was experimentally evaluated in both SBRO and SSRO-PR pilot systems, with respect to the efficacy of concentrate flushing with the undersaturated raw feed water, at given levels of supersaturation or product water recovery. The predicted RO element feed stream osmotic pressure and solution supersaturation levels (for the target mineral scalant) at the membrane surface, for a given product water recovery, were higher on average in SBRO relative to SSRO-PR as corroborated by experimental data. The experimental data revealed mineral scaling propensity, which was significantly higher in multi-cycle SBRO operation, relative to SSRO-PR at the same water recovery. However, the rates of crystal nucleation and growth were similar at when both systems are compared at the same level of average supersaturation, although the product water recovery was lower in SBRO compared to SSRO-PR. The present theoretical modeling framework, validated by experimental data, provide a fundamental approach to assessing the performance of SBRO and SSRO-PR desalting systems with respect to energy consumption and mineral scaling propensity. The presented approach provides the means necessary for optimizing these low footprint technologies for high recovery RO desalination.

Download or read book Water Recovery from Silica saturated RO Concentrate by the Concentrate Enhanced Reverse Osmosis Process CERRO written by Gautam Patwardhan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Treatment Technologies for Urban Wastewater Reuse written by Despo Fatta-Kassinos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a detailed overview of currently applied and tested wastewater treatment technologies and the integration of advanced processes to remove trace organic contaminants and microorganisms. It discusses the potential of enhanced biological treatment to produce effluent suitable for reuse, new processes for urban wastewater disinfection and the reduction of antibiotic resistant bacteria, as well as the effect of advanced oxidation processes on wastewater microbiome and chemical contaminants. It also presents membrane bioreactors, moving bed bioreactors, light and solar driven technologies, ozonation and immobilised heterogeneous photocatalysis and provides an evaluation of the potential of constructed wetlands integrated with advanced oxidation technologies to produce wastewater safe for reuse. Furthermore, the volume discusses water reuse issues and standards, the status of membrane bioreactors applications, and the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate for enhanced water recovery during wastewater treatment. Finally, it presents recent developments in potable water reuse and addresses various important issues in this framework, like the proper protection of public health, reliability and monitoring. This volume is of interest to experts, scientists and practitioners from various fields of research, including analytical and environmental chemistry, toxicology and environmental and sanitary engineering, as well as treatment plant operators and policymakers.

Download or read book Emerging Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water Treatment written by Rajindar Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water Treatment provides the latest information on the impending crisis posed by water stress and poor sanitation, a timely issue that is one of the greatest human challenges of the 21st century. The book also discusses the use of membrane technology, a serious contender that can be used to confront the crisis on a global scale, along with its specific uses as a solution to this escalating problem. - Provides a unique source on membrane technology and its application for water treatment - Focuses on technologies designed for the treatment of seawater and brackish water - Highlights the most economically and environmentally friendly membrane technologies - Lists various technologies and emphasizes their link to renewable energy, energy efficiency, nanotechnology, reuse, and recycle

Download or read book A Continuous Process for RO Concentrate Desupersaturation written by Jack Lei and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination of inland brackish water can replenish dwindling water supplies in various regions around the world. However, successful implementation of RO technology requires high product water recovery (>85%) in order to minimize the volume of generated concentrate brine. Therefore, brine management is a critical aspect of inland water desalination. At high water recovery, dissolved mineral salts (e.g. CaSO4, CaCO3) may concentrate above their solubility limits and may crystallize, potentially blocking or damaging RO membrane surfaces, reduce water permeate flux, and shorten membrane life. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the propensity for mineral scaling in order to increase the potential for high product water recovery. Attaining high recovery for inland water desalination, while avoiding membrane mineral scaling, can be achieved via an intermediate concentrate demineralization (ICD) method that utilizes two-step chemically-enhanced seeded precipitation (CESP) process. In the CESP approach, primary RO concentrate is first treated via partial lime softening in which residual antiscalant in the PRO concentrate is scavenged by precipitating calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The filtered lime treated PRO concentrate is then treated in a seeded gypsum (CaSO4[TM]2H2O) precipitation step whereby, gypsum crystal seeds promote rapid crystal growth. As a consequence, the treated PRO stream is desupersaturated with respect to gypsum and upon filtration step; a secondary RO desalting step is carried out to increase the overall product water recovery. Development of the ICD approach as a continuous process suitable for deployment in RO desalting is the focus of the present study. Accordingly, a novel system for continuous chemically enhanced seeded precipitation (CCESP) pilot was developed and constructed consisting of an alkaline chemical softening flocculation tank followed by a vertical static mixing bed reactor for seeded precipitation. The overall feasible feed slow rate for the pilot CCESP system was 0.026 - 0.25 gpm. Evaluation of the continuous ICD process performance was undertaken with a range of solutions that mimic PRO concentrate produced from desalination of San Joaquin Valley brackish water at a recovery of 63%. The major salts in the PRO concentrate feed to the CCESP included CaCl2 (30.7 mM), Na2SO4 (145.4 mM), MgSO4 (31.2 mM), NaHCO3 (11.4 mM), and NaCl (20.3 mM). Antiscalant (Flocon 260, 5 mg/L) was introduced to the PRO concentrate in order to assess the feasibility for residual antiscalant (typically present in PRO concentrate) removal so as to avoid retardation of the subsequent gypsum desupersaturation step. The CCESP system enabled continuous gypsum desupersaturation by purging spent gypsum seeds and recycling a portion of the seeds or introducing fresh seeds to the fluidized bed. Various gypsum seeds were tested, with a focus on industrial sources for gypsum (e.g. mining, drywall, food, agriculture) due to their availability and low cost. The purity of the gypsum seeds was found to be a key factor, where gypsum seeds with >98% purity were found to be most effective. Using the synthetic PRO concentrate, each of the two steps of the process were first evaluated individually to determine the optimal operating conditions and subsequently combined to evaluate the complete continuous operation. In the CCESP, lime softening occurs in a flocculation tank with recirculation, solids removal from the lime treated stream is via an inline centrifugal separator, and the gypsum seeded precipitation takes place in a fluidized bed. It was found that CCESP treatment of the PRO concentrate with 5.75 mM lime enabled up to 68% removal of the residual antiscalant. Subsequent gypsum seeded precipitation (initial seed loading of 240 g/L gypsum) reduced the PRO concentrate gypsum supersaturation index (SIg) level from 2.36 to nearly unity. The above level of gypsum desupersaturation was assessed to be sufficient for carrying out a secondary RO desalting that would enable increased recovery from 63% at the PRO step to an overall recovery of about 85% and possibly higher. The present study successfully developed a continuous ICD process and demonstrated its technical feasibility. The present results are encouraging and support the merit of evaluating the process under field conditions. Overall, it is expected that deployment of the CCESP process will enable high recovery desalting of challenging inland water of high mineral scaling propensity.

Download or read book Handbook of Membrane Separations written by Anil K. Pabby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food, and Biotechnological Applications provides a comprehensive discussion of membrane applications. Fully updated to include the latest advancements in membrane science and technology, it is a one-of-its-kind overview of the existing literature. This fully illustrated handbook is written by experts and professionals in membrane applications from around the world. Key Features: Includes entirely new chapters on organic solvent-resistant nanofiltration, membrane condensers, membrane-reactors in hydrogen production, membrane materials for haemodialysis, and integrated membrane distillation Covers the full spectrum of membrane technology and its advancements Explores membrane applications in a range of fields, from biotechnological and food processing to industrial waste management and environmental engineering This book will appeal to both newcomers to membrane science as well as engineers and scientists looking to expand their knowledge on upcoming advancements in the field.

Download or read book Electromembrane Processes written by Luigi Gurreri and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromembrane processes offer a multitude of applications, allowing for the recovery of water, other products, and energy. This book is a collection of contributions on recent advancements in electromembrane processes attained via experiments and/or models. The first paper is a comprehensive review article on the applications of electrodialysis for wastewater treatment, highlighting current status, technical challenges, and key points for future perspectives. The second paper focuses on ZSM-5 zeolite/PVA mixed matrix CEMs with high monovalent permselectivity for recovering either acid or Li+. The third paper regards direct numerical simulations of electroconvection in an electrodialysis dilute channel with forced flow under potentiodynamic and galvanodynamic regimes. The fourth paper investigates the reasons for the formation and properties of soliton-like charge waves in overlimiting conditions. The fifth paper focuses on the characterization of AEMs functionalized by surface modification via poly(acrylic) acid yielding monovalent permselectivity for reverse electrodialysis. In the sixth paper, CFD simulations of reverse electrodialysis systems are performed. The seventh paper proposes an integrated membrane process, including electrochemical intercalation–deintercalation, for the preparation of Li2CO3 from brine with a high Mg2+/Li+ mass ratio. Finally, the eighth paper is a perspective article devoted to the acid–base flow battery with monopolar and bipolar membranes.

Download or read book Treatise on Water Science written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 2131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality and management are of great significance globally, as the demand for clean, potable water far exceeds the availability. Water science research brings together the natural and applied sciences, engineering, chemistry, law and policy, and economics, and the Treatise on Water Science seeks to unite these areas through contributions from a global team of author-experts. The 4-volume set examines topics in depth, with an emphasis on innovative research and technologies for those working in applied areas. Published in partnership with and endorsed by the International Water Association (IWA), demonstrating the authority of the content Editor-in-Chief Peter Wilderer, a Stockholm Water Prize recipient, has assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Topics related to water resource management, water quality and supply, and handling of wastewater are treated in depth

Download or read book Membrane Technology Enhancement for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Industrial Growth written by Zhien Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-14 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a detailed discussion of the fundamentals and practical applications of membrane technology enhancement in a range of industrial processes, energy recovery, and resource recycling. To date, most books on the applications of membrane technology have mainly focused on gas pollution removal or industrial wastewater treatment. In contrast, the enhancement of various membrane processes in the areas of energy and the environment has remained largely overlooked. This book highlights recent works and industrial products using membrane technology, while also discussing experiments and modeling studies on the membrane enhancement process.

Download or read book Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes written by Hongbo Du and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs) including forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) have attracted increasing attention in fields such as water treatment, desalination, power generation, and life science. In contrast to pressure-driven membrane processes, e.g., reverse osmosis, which typically employs applied high pressure as driving force, ODMPs take advantages of naturally generated osmotic pressure as the sole source of driving force. In light of this, ODMPs possess many advantages over pressure-driven membrane processes. The advantages include low energy consumption, ease of equipment maintenance, low capital investment, high salt rejection, and high water flux. In the past decade, over 300 academic papers on ODMPs have been published in a variety of application fields. The number of such publications is still rapidly growing. The ODMPs' approach, fabrications, recent development and applications in wastewater treatment, power generation, seawater desalination, and gas absorption are presented in this book.

Download or read book Brackish Groundwater in the United States written by Jennifer S. Stanton and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Current Trends and Future Developments on Bio Membranes written by Angelo Basile and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Trends and Future Developments in Bio-Membranes: Membrane Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment - Advances and Emerging Processes presents recent advances and a status update on the applications of membrane processes to both urban and industrial wastewater. Specific case studies of membrane technologies are described. Membrane processes have been widely studied, but their application in the wastewater sector is increasing rapidly. The book deals with the applications to the wastewater sector (e.g. MBR, NF, RO, ED) and emerging membrane technologies (e.g. MBfR, MD, FO, MFC). Specific case studies of membrane technology application and relevant wastewaters (e.g. municipal, dairy, oily refinery, etc.) are also discussed. Presents recent advances of wastewater treatment using membrane processes Outlines novel and emerging membrane technologies, e.g., membrane distillation, forward osmosis and membrane biofilm reactors Includes recent developments of more consolidated membrane processes, e.g., membrane biological reactors, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, etc., either for water treatment or desalination Includes interesting and instructive case studies on the application of membrane technologies to various wastewater sources, e.g., municipal, dairy, olive mill, refinery, pulp and paper

Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater written by Frank R. Spellman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a balanced discussion about the wastewater generated by hydraulic fracturing operations, and how to manage it. It includes an in-depth discussion of the hydraulic fracturing process, the resulting water cycle, and the potential risks to groundwater, soil, and air. The “fracking” process involves numerous chemicals that could potentially harm human health and the environment, especially if they enter and contaminate drinking water supplies. Treatment, reuse, and disposal options are the focus, and several case studies will be presented. The book also discusses the issues of the large amounts of water required for drilling operations, the impacts on water-sensitive regions.

Download or read book Desalination Sustainability written by Hassan Arafat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desalination Sustainability: A Technical, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Approach presents a technical, socioeconomical, and environmental approach that guides researchers and technology developers on how to quantify the energy efficiency of a proposed desalination process using thermodynamics-based tools. The book offers the technical reader an understanding of the issues related to desalination sustainability. For example, technology users, such as public utility managers will gain the ability and tools to assess whether or not desalination is a good choice for a city or country. Readers will learn new insights on a clear and practical methodology on how to probe the economic feasibility of desalination using simple and effective tools, such as levelized cost of water (LCOW) calculation. Decision-makers will find this book to be a valuable resource for the preliminary assessment of whether renewable-powered desalination is a good choice for their particular setting. Presents the issues related to desalination sustainability Guides researchers and technology developers on how to quantify the energy efficiency of a proposed desalination process using thermodynamics-based tools Outlines a clear and practical methodology on how to probe the economic feasibility of desalination using simple and effective tools Provides a roadmap for decision-makers on the applicability of a desalination process at a particular setting

Download or read book Salinity and Drainage in San Joaquin Valley California written by Andrew C. Chang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents the history of irrigated agriculture and drainage in the San Joaquin Valley, and describes the hydrology and biogeochemical processes of salts and selenium, remediation technologies for salts and trace elements and policy and management options. The contents are comprised of fourteen chapter-length independent treatises, each depicting with fresh perspective a distinctive salinity drainage topic. The opening chapters detail the evolution of irrigated agriculture, and depict the geochemical and hydrological processes that define the San Joaquin Valley, including the physics, chemistry, and biology attributes that impact water management policies and strategies. Next, the contributors address the biogeochemistry of selenium, the role of plants in absorbing it from soils, and the processes involved in retaining and concentrating dissolved salts in drainage water. Further chapters describe on-farm and plot-level irrigation provisions to reduce agricultural drainage outputs and examine their effects on plant performance. This volume offers realistic policy analysis of water management options for irrigated agriculture in the Valley and assesses their respective outcomes, if implemented. Also included is an international perspective on the sustainability of irrigated agriculture there.