Download or read book Enhanced Seismic Resiliency for Buildings Via Base Isolation written by Michelle Carolyn Chen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Base isolation is an effective technology for reducing seismic damage to both structural and nonstructural components, as well as to building contents, allowing buildings to remain functional during and in the aftermath of a rare and strong intensity earthquake. This makes it an ideal seismic response modification system for hospitals and buildings of high importance. Despite the enhanced seismic resiliency of buildings incorporating base isolation, many countries have been slow to adopt it in building designs prior to experiencing the devastating effects of a major earthquake, often embracing the technology as an outcome. The goal of the research in this dissertation is to advance the understanding of base isolation, in order to diminish some of the barriers that impede its widespread use. This dissertation uses data collected from a shake table experiment of a full-scale five-story building outfitted with nonstructural components and systems to analyze the structural response of the building in both base isolated and fixed base configurations. By simulating a realistic environment, this project documents the destructive effects of an earthquake with and without base isolation, ultimately demonstrating the technology's effectiveness in minimizing structural demands. Another test that was conducted addressed the specific response of an isolator in realistic earthquake conditions. One of the barriers that prevents the use of base isolation in certain scenarios is because of gaps in knowledge due to lack of testing. To address this, a comprehensive multiaxial testing program of a high damping rubber bearing was performed, fully characterizing the bearing in six degrees of freedom, to understand the impact of realistic loading conditions on the isolator response. Finally, base isolation is often implemented in buildings specifically to protect nonstructural components and ensure functionality of the building after an earthquake. Despite this, current design codes do not specifically address nonstructural components within base isolated buildings. This dissertation proposes a framework for designing inertia-sensitive nonstructural components within base isolated buildings. The framework is demonstrated through a case study using experimental structural response data in conjunction with simulated nonstructural responses generated by relative displacement floor response spectra for inelastic response.

Download or read book Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings written by Izuru Takewaki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers are always interested in the worst-case scenario. One of the most important and challenging missions of structural engineers may be to narrow the range of unexpected incidents in building structural design. Redundancy, robustness and resilience play an important role in such circumstances. Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings: The worst case approach discusses the importance of worst-scenario approach for improved earthquake resilience of buildings and nuclear reactor facilities. Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings: The worst case approach consists of two parts. The first part deals with the characterization and modeling of worst or critical ground motions on inelastic structures and the related worst-case scenario in the structural design of ordinary simple building structures. The second part of the book focuses on investigating the worst-case scenario for passively controlled and base-isolated buildings. This allows for detailed consideration of a range of topics including: A consideration of damage of building structures in the critical excitation method for improved building-earthquake resilience, A consideration of uncertainties of structural parameters in structural control and base-isolation for improved building-earthquake resilience, and New insights in structural design of super high-rise buildings under long-period ground motions. Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings: The worst case approach is a valuable resource for researchers and engineers interested in learning and applying the worst-case scenario approach in the seismic-resistant design for more resilient structures.

Download or read book Evaluation of Building Resilience under Earthquake Input Using Single Double and Multiple Impulses written by Izuru Takewaki and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is the third in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes four original research papers which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering in ‘Frontiers in Built Environment’. Several extensions of the first eBook and the second eBook are included here. The first article is on the earthquake resilience of residential houses after repeated ground motions with high intensity. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake brought a significant impact on the earthquake resilience of residential houses under repeated ground motions with high intensity in a few days. The necessary strength upgrade withstanding two repeated high-intensity ground motions was found to be 1.5. The second article is concerned with the smart enhancement of earthquake resilience of building structures under both near-fault and long-duration ground motions. A hybrid system of base-isolation and building connection control was proposed and its earthquake resilience to near-fault and long-duration ground motions was evaluated by a double impulse and a multiple impulse. It was demonstrated that the base-isolation is effective for near-fault ground motions and the building connection system using passive dampers is effective for long-duration ground motions. The third article is related to the robustness evaluation of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings under resonant near-fault ground motions. The robustness function was introduced to evaluate quantitatively the robustness of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings. The fourth article is an extension of the previously proposed energy balance approach to a bilinear elastic-plastic single-degree-of-freedom system under a long-duration sinusoidal ground motion. A historical difficulty in nonlinear vibration posed by Caughey (1960) and Iwan (1961) has been overcome in a smart manner after half a century. The approach presented in this eBook, together with the previous eBooks, is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability and resilience of built environments in the elastic-plastic and nonlinear range.

Download or read book Innovative Methodologies for Resilient Buildings and Cities written by Izuru Takewaki and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resilient buildings and cities are in the center of common interests in modern academic communities for science and engineering related to built environment. Resilience of buildings and cities against multidisciplinary risks, e.g. earthquakes, strong winds, floods, etc., is strongly related to the sustainability of buildings and cities in which reduction of damage during a disaster and fast recovery from the damage are key issues. The reduction of damage is related to the level of resistance of buildings and the time of recovery is affected by the amount of supply of damaged members, assurance of restoration work, etc. Robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity are four key factors for supporting the full realization of design and construction of resilient buildings and cities. This research topic gathers cutting-edge and innovative research from various aspects, e.g. robustness of buildings and cities against earthquake risk, structural control and base-isolation for controlling damage risks, quantification of resilience measures, structural health monitoring, innovative structural engineering techniques for higher safety of buildings, resilience actions and tools at the urban scale, etc.

Download or read book Seismic Resilience of Tall Buildings Benchmarking Performance and Quantifying Improvements written by Jennisie Tipler and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern tall buildings are generally not considered to be a large contributor to the seismic risk of cities, based on the presumption that they are designed and built with sufficient safeguards to ensure good performance. This is in spite of the fact that current building code provisions have few, if any, provisions to ensure that tall buildings have better performance than other low-rise structures. This implies that a 40-story building is not expected, or designed, to perform any better than a one-story building following a large seismic event, despite the huge differences in the consequences of collapse and/or damage to these type of structures. The performance of a 42-story couple core wall building located in downtown San Francisco, designed using a state-of-the-practice performance-based approach, is evaluated. Two additional structural schemes, damped outriggers and base isolation, and one additional non-structural scheme are investigated. Non-linear response history analysis is conducted on each of the three structural building designs in order to assess the structural performance at five different seismic hazard levels. Subsequently, the expected building repair cost and downtime are estimated for each scheme; there are six schemes in total when considering the additional non-structural design scheme. The baseline building is expected to suffer financial losses exceeding 15% of the total building cost and functional downtime of almost 2 years (84 weeks) following a design level earthquake. The damped outrigger and base isolation schemes are found to reduce financial losses and downtime, with an expected loss of 14% and 10% of the building cost, respectively and an expected functional downtime of 62 weeks and 43 weeks, respectively following a design-level earthquake. The non-structural design alternative, which also includes provisions to reduce building downtime, was found to reduce loss and downtime in all cases. The best performing building is the base-isolated building with enhanced non-structural design, expected to experience losses of 2.4% of the building value and functional downtime of only 6 weeks following a design-level earthquake. A cost-benefit analysis reveals that all schemes are preferable to the baseline building. The payback period for the two structural design alternatives is found to be 4.6 years and 6.6 years for the damped outrigger and the base isolation schemes, respectively, and the payback period for the non-structural design alternatives are 5.3 years, 9.0 years and 8.7 years for the fixed base, damped outrigger and the base isolation schemes, respectively.

Download or read book Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys written by T W Duerig and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys provides an understanding of shape memory by defining terms, properties, and applications. It includes tutorials, overviews, and specific design examples—all written with the intention of minimizing the science and maximizing the engineering aspects. Although the individual chapters have been written by many different authors, each one of the best in their fields, the overall tone and intent of the book is not that of a proceedings, but that of a textbook. The book consists of five parts. Part I deals with the mechanism of shape memory and the alloys that exhibit the effect. It also defines many essential terms that will be used in later parts. Part II deals primarily with constrained recovery, but to some extent with free recovery. There is an introductory paper which defines terms and principles, then several specific examples of products based on constrained recovery. Both Parts III and IV deal with actuators. Part III introduces engineering principles while Part IV presents several of the specific examples. Finally, Part V deals with superelasticity, with an introductory paper and then several specific examples of product engineering.

Download or read book Evaluation of Building Resilience Under Earthquake Input Using Single Double and Multiple Impulses written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is the third in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes four original research papers which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering in 'Frontiers in Built Environment'. Several extensions of the first eBook and the second eBook are included here. The first article is on the earthquake resilience of residential houses after repeated ground motions with high intensity. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake brought a significant impact on the earthquake resilience of residential houses under repeated ground motions with high intensity in a few days. The necessary strength upgrade withstanding two repeated high-intensity ground motions was found to be 1.5. The second article is concerned with the smart enhancement of earthquake resilience of building structures under both near-fault and long-duration ground motions. A hybrid system of base-isolation and building connection control was proposed and its earthquake resilience to near-fault and long-duration ground motions was evaluated by a double impulse and a multiple impulse. It was demonstrated that the base-isolation is effective for near-fault ground motions and the building connection system using passive dampers is effective for long-duration ground motions. The third article is related to the robustness evaluation of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings under resonant near-fault ground motions. The robustness function was introduced to evaluate quantitatively the robustness of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings. The fourth article is an extension of the previously proposed energy balance approach to a bilinear elastic-plastic single-degree-of-freedom system under a long-duration sinusoidal ground motion. A historical difficulty in nonlinear vibration posed by Caughey (1960) and Iwan (1961) has been overcome in a smart manner after half a century. The approach presented in this eBook, together with the previous eBooks, is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability and resilience of built environments in the elastic-plastic and nonlinear range.

Download or read book Vibration Control for Building Structures written by Aiqun Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the field of structural vibration reduction control, but may also be used as a reference source for more advanced topics. The content is divided into four main parts: the basic principles of structural vibration reduction control, structural vibration reduction devices, structural vibration reduction design methods, and structural vibration reduction engineering practices. As the book strikes a balance between theoretical and practical aspects, it will appeal to researchers and practicing engineers alike, as well as graduate students.

Download or read book National Earthquake Resilience written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States will certainly be subject to damaging earthquakes in the future. Some of these earthquakes will occur in highly populated and vulnerable areas. Coping with moderate earthquakes is not a reliable indicator of preparedness for a major earthquake in a populated area. The recent, disastrous, magnitude-9 earthquake that struck northern Japan demonstrates the threat that earthquakes pose. Moreover, the cascading nature of impacts-the earthquake causing a tsunami, cutting electrical power supplies, and stopping the pumps needed to cool nuclear reactors-demonstrates the potential complexity of an earthquake disaster. Such compound disasters can strike any earthquake-prone populated area. National Earthquake Resilience presents a roadmap for increasing our national resilience to earthquakes. The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) is the multi-agency program mandated by Congress to undertake activities to reduce the effects of future earthquakes in the United States. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-the lead NEHRP agency-commissioned the National Research Council (NRC) to develop a roadmap for earthquake hazard and risk reduction in the United States that would be based on the goals and objectives for achieving national earthquake resilience described in the 2008 NEHRP Strategic Plan. National Earthquake Resilience does this by assessing the activities and costs that would be required for the nation to achieve earthquake resilience in 20 years. National Earthquake Resilience interprets resilience broadly to incorporate engineering/science (physical), social/economic (behavioral), and institutional (governing) dimensions. Resilience encompasses both pre-disaster preparedness activities and post-disaster response. In combination, these will enhance the robustness of communities in all earthquake-vulnerable regions of our nation so that they can function adequately following damaging earthquakes. While National Earthquake Resilience is written primarily for the NEHRP, it also speaks to a broader audience of policy makers, earth scientists, and emergency managers.

Download or read book Earthquake Resilient Tall Reinforced Concrete Buildings at Near Fault Sites Using Base Isolation and Rocking Core Walls written by Vladimir Calugaru and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation pursues three main objectives: (1) to investigate the seismic response of tall reinforced concrete core wall buildings, designed following current building codes, subjected to pulse type near-fault ground motion, with special focus on the relation between the characteristics of the ground motion and the higher-modes of response; (2) to determine the characteristics of a base isolation system that results in nominally elastic response of the superstructure of a tall reinforced concrete core wall building at the maximum considered earthquake level of shaking; and (3) to demonstrate that the seismic performance, cost, and constructability of a base-isolated tall reinforced concrete core wall building can be significantly improved by incorporating a rocking core-wall in the design. First, this dissertation investigates the seismic response of tall cantilever wall buildings subjected to pulse type ground motion, with special focus on the relation between the characteristics of ground motion and the higher-modes of response. Buildings 10, 20, and 40 stories high were designed such that inelastic deformation was concentrated at a single flexural plastic hinge at their base. Using nonlinear response history analysis, the buildings were subjected to near-fault seismic ground motions as well as simple close-form pulses, which represented distinct pulses within the ground motions. Euler-Bernoulli beam models with lumped mass and lumped plasticity were used to model the buildings. The response of the buildings to the close-form pulses fairly matched that of the near-fault records. Subsequently, a parametric study was conducted for the buildings subjected to three types of close-form pulses with a broad range of periods and amplitudes. The results of the parametric study demonstrate the importance of the ratio of the fundamental period of the structure to the period of the pulse to the excitation of higher modes. The study shows that if the modal response spectrum analysis approach is used--considering the first four modes with a uniform yield reduction factor for all modes and with the square root of sum of squares modal combination rule--it significantly underestimates bending moment and shear force responses. A response spectrum analysis method that uses different yield reduction factors for the first and the higher modes is presented. Next, this dissertation investigates numerically the seismic response of six seismically base-isolated (BI) 20-story reinforced concrete buildings and compares their response to that of a fixed-base (FB) building with a similar structural system above ground. Located in Berkeley, California, 2 km from the Hayward fault, the buildings are designed with a core wall that provides most of the lateral force resistance above ground. For the BI buildings, the following are investigated: two isolation systems (both implemented below a three-story basement), isolation periods equal to 4, 5, and 6 s, and two levels of flexural strength of the wall. The first isolation system combines tension-resistant friction pendulum bearings and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers (NFVDs); the second combines low-friction tension-resistant cross-linear bearings, lead-rubber bearings, and NFVDs. The designs of all buildings satisfy ASCE 7-10 requirements, except that one component of horizontal excitation is used in the two-dimensional nonlinear response history analysis. Analysis is performed for a set of ground motions scaled to the design earthquake (DE) and to the maximum considered earthquake (MCE). At both the DE and the MCE, the FB building develops large inelastic deformations and shear forces in the wall and large floor accelerations. At the MCE, four of the BI buildings experience nominally elastic response of the wall, with floor accelerations and shear forces being 0.25 to 0.55 times those experienced by the FB building. The response of the FB and four of the BI buildings to four unscaled historical pulse-like near-fault ground motions is also studied. Finally, this dissertation investigates the seismic response of four 20-story buildings hypothetically located in the San Francisco Bay Area, 0.5 km from the San Andreas fault. One of the four studied buildings is fixed-base (FB), two are base-isolated (BI), and one uses a combination of base isolation and a rocking core wall (BIRW). Above the ground level, a reinforced concrete core wall provides the majority of the lateral force resistance in all four buildings. The FB and BI buildings satisfy requirements of ASCE 7-10. The BI and BIRW buildings use the same isolation system, which combines tension-resistant friction pendulum bearings and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers. The rocking core-wall includes post-tensioning steel, buckling-restrained devices, and at its base is encased in a steel shell to maximize confinement of the concrete core. The total amount of longitudinal steel in the wall of the BIRW building is 0.71 to 0.87 times that used in the BI buildings. Response history two-dimensional analysis is performed, including the vertical components of excitation, for a set of ground motions scaled to the design earthquake and to the maximum considered earthquake (MCE). While the FB building at MCE level of shaking develops inelastic deformations and shear stresses in the wall that may correspond to irreparable damage, the BI and the BIRW buildings experience nominally elastic response of the wall, with floor accelerations and shear forces which are 0.36 to 0.55 times those experienced by the FB building. The response of the four buildings to two historical and two simulated near-fault ground motions is also studied, demonstrating that the BIRW building has the largest deformation capacity at the onset of structural damage.

Download or read book Improvement Technology on Building Seismic Toughness written by Bo Wang and published by . This book was released on 2024-03-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Reprint focuses on recent studies on the seismic performance evaluation and improvement of infrastructures, including buildings and bridges. The development and application of base isolators and dampers to enhance the seismic resilience of structures is of particular interest. In addition, multi-hazard assessment considering earthquakes and other hazards such as fire and pedestrian-induced vibration is another interest. The adopted research techniques include the traditional finite element method, experimental tests, and the up-to-date machine learning-based approach.

Download or read book Response Control and Seismic Isolation of Buildings written by Masahiko Higashino and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2006 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state of the art report from an internationally-based task group (TG44) of CIB presents a highly authoritative guide to the application of innovative technologies on response control and seismic isolation of buildings to practice worldwide.

Download or read book Earthquake Resistant and Resilient Tall Reinforced Concrete Buildings Using Base Isolation and Rocking Core walls written by Vladimir Calugaru and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NEHRP Recommended Provisions National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures Commentary written by United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance of Innovative Controlled Buildings Under Resonant and Critical Earthquake Ground Motions written by Izuru Takewaki and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-11-23 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is the fourth in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes six original research papers which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering in ‘Frontiers in Built Environment’. Several extensions of the first eBook, the second eBook and the third eBook are included here. The first article is on the comparison of earthquake resilience of various building structures including innovative base-isolation systems and control systems. Pulse-type ground motions and resonant harmonic ground motions are used for investigating the earthquake resilience of those innovative building structures. The second article is concerned with the performance of an innovative seismic response controlled system with shear walls and concentrated dampers in lower stories. The resonant one-cycle sine waves and resonant harmonic waves are used as the input ground motions. The third article is related to the robustness evaluation of a base-isolation building-connection hybrid controlled building structure under the critical long-period and long-duration ground motion. The multi impulse is used as a substitute for a long-period and long-duration ground motion and the model reduction to a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system is conducted to propose a simple response evaluation method. The fourth article is an extension of the previously proposed energy balance approach to a damped bilinear hysteretic SDOF system under a double impulse as a substitute for a near-fault ground motion. The energy absorption through viscous damping is incorporated appropriately in the energy balance and the application of the proposed method to actual recorded ground motions is presented. The fifth article is on the robustness evaluation of base-isolation building-connection hybrid controlled building structures considering uncertainties in deep ground. The earthquake ground motion amplitude at the earthquake bedrock is evaluated by the Boore’s stochastic method in 1983 including the fault rupture and the wave propagation into the earthquake bedrock. Then the phase angle property at the earthquake bedrock is investigated by introducing the concept of phase difference which is defined for each earthquake type. A wave at the ground surface nearly resonant to the base-isolation building-connection hybrid controlled building structure is produced by considering uncertainties in deep ground. The sixth article is concerned with the critical response of nonlinear base-isolated buildings considering soil-structure interaction under a double impulse as a substitute for a near-fault ground motion. The complicated model of a nonlinear base-isolated building on ground is modeled into an SDOF system after a few model reduction processes. The approach presented in this eBook, together with the previous eBooks, is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability and resilience of built environments in the elastic-plastic and nonlinear range.

Download or read book Earthquake Resistant Design with Rubber written by James M. Kelly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Base isolation technology offers a cost-effective and reliable strategy for mitigating seismic damage to structures. The effectiveness of this new technology has been demonstrated not only in laboratory research, but also in the actual response of base-isolated buildings during earthquakes. Increasingly, new and existing buildings in earthquake-prone regions throughout the world are making use of this innovative strategy. In this expanded and updated edition, the design methods and guidelines associated with seismic isolation are detailed. The main focus of the book is on isolation systems that use a damped natural rubber. Topics covered include coupled lateral-torsional response, the behavior of multilayer bearings under compression and bending, and the buckling behavior of elastomeric bearings. Also featured is a section covering the recent changes in building code requirements.

Download or read book Seismic Isolation for Architects written by Andrew Charleson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic isolation offers the highest degree of earthquake protection to buildings and their inhabitants. Modern applications of the technology are less than 50 years old and uptake in seismically active regions continues to soar. Seismic Isolation for Architects is a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice in this field. Based on the latest research findings and the authors’ extensive experience, coverage includes the application, effectiveness, benefits, and limitations of seismic isolation, as well as the architectural form, design aspects, retrofitting, economics, construction, and maintenance related to this method. The book is written for an international audience: the authors review codes and practices from a number of countries and draw on examples from eleven territories including the US, Chile, Argentina, Italy, Japan, and New Zealand. Aimed at readers without prior knowledge of structural engineering, the book provides an accessible, non-technical approach without using equations or calculations, instead using over 200 drawings, diagrams and images to support the text. This book is key reading for students on architecture and civil engineering courses looking for a clear introduction to seismic-resistant design, as well as architects and engineers working in seismically active regions.