Download or read book Enhanced Geothermal Systems EGS Using CO2 as Working Fluid Anovelapproach for Generating Renewable Energy with Simultaneoussequestration of Carbon written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to the need to reduce atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide, Donald Brown (2000) proposed a novel enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) concept that would use CO2 instead of water as heat transmission fluid, and would achieve geologic sequestration of CO2 as an ancillary benefit. Following up on his suggestion, we have evaluated thermophysical properties and performed numerical simulations to explore the fluid dynamics and heat transfer issues in an engineered geothermal reservoir that would be operated with CO2. We find that CO2 is superior to water in its ability to mine heat from hot fractured rock. CO2 also has certain advantages with respect to wellbore hydraulics, where larger compressibility and expansivity as compared to water would increase buoyancy forces and would reduce the parasitic power consumption of the fluid circulation system. While the thermal and hydraulic aspects of a CO2-EGS system look promising, major uncertainties remain with regard to chemical interactions between fluids and rocks. An EGS system running on CO2 has sufficiently attractive features to warrant further investigation.
Download or read book Enhanced Geothermal Systems EGS written by Dornadula Chandrasekharam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-02 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter Meisen, Past President, Global Energy Network Institute, asked in 1997, “What if there was an existing, viable technology, that when developed to its highest potential could increase everyone’s standard of living, cut fossil fuel demand and the resultant pollution?” After 23 years of sustained effort by the global scientific community, this is becoming a reality. The technology to extract heat from granite has been revolutionized in the last few years. The classical method of creating fracture networks by hydrofracturing is being replaced by a closed-loop method where fluids are not in contact with the hot granite. Supercritical CO2 is replacing water as a circulating fluid. Certainly, the future energy road is going to be led by highly radiogenic granites. While hydrothermal sources are site-specific and have their limitations, EGS can be initiated anywhere on earth. EGS is removing all such obstacles and, in the future, will provide uninterrupted electricity for all. Energy-deficient countries can have surplus electricity; water-stressed countries can have a perennial freshwater supply; and countries can become food-secure and rise above poverty levels. Countries need not depend on energy imports and can independently evolve into carbon neutral or low carbon societies. The contributions made by experts will help researchers and investors to close the energy demand and supply gap in the very near future by tapping the unlimited energy of the Earth. Opportunities available for investors in Turkey are well documented with field, geophysical, and geochemical data and information on the energy generating capacity of the granite intrusive spread over a cumulative area of 6,910 km2 in western Anatolia. With the signing of the Global Geothermal Alliance (GGA) by several countries during the December 2015 CoP 21 (Conference of Parties) summit in Paris, countries are obliged to reduce CO2 emissions by increasing the footprint of renewable energy in the primary source mix. Information provided in this book will lead the way to establishing a clean energy future for millions of people for sustainable development and help to mitigate crises arising due to food, water, and energy shortage issues. Academic and research institutes will benefit to a large extent from the expertise of the top contributors in this book. This information provided in this book will help to lay the foundation for super-hot EGS research in future.
Download or read book Enhanced Geothermal Systems EGS with CO2 as Heat Transmission Fluid A Scheme for Combining Recovery of Renewable Energy with Geologic Storage of CO2 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been suggested that enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) may be operated with supercritical CO2 instead of water as heat transmission fluid (D.W. Brown, 2000). Such a scheme could combine recovery of geothermal energy with simultaneous geologic storage of CO2, a greenhouse gas. At geothermal temperature and pressure conditions of interest, the flow and heat transfer behavior of CO2 would be considerably different from water, and chemical interactions between CO2 and reservoir rocks would also be quite different from aqueous fluids. This paper summarizes our research to date into fluid flow and heat transfer aspects of operating EGS with CO2. (Chemical aspects of EGS with CO2 are discussed in a companion paper; Xu and Pruess, 2010.) Our modeling studies indicate that CO2 would achieve heat extraction at larger rates than aqueous fluids. The development of an EGS-CO2 reservoir would require replacement of the pore water by CO2 through persistent injection. We find that in a fractured reservoir, CO2 breakthrough at production wells would occur rapidly, within a few weeks of starting CO2 injection. Subsequently a two-phase water-CO2 mixture would be produced for a few years, followed by production of a single phase of supercritical CO2. Even after single-phase production conditions are reached, significant dissolved water concentrations will persist in the CO2 stream for many years. The presence of dissolved water in the production stream has negligible impact on mass flow and heat transfer rates.
Download or read book Low Temperature Enhanced Geothermal System Using Carbon Dioxide as the Heat Transfer Fluid written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work toward a supercritical CO2-based EGS system at the St. Johns Dome in Eastern Arizona, including a comprehensive literature search on CO2-based geothermal technologies, background seismic study, geological information, and a study of the possible use of metal oxide heat carriers to enhance the heat capacity of sCO2. It also includes cost estimates for the project, and the reasons why the project would probably not be cost effective at the proposed location.
Download or read book Technical Feasibility of Utilization of Carbon Dioxide as a Heat Transfer Medium for Geothermal Energy Extraction in Indonesia Based on Simulation Studies written by Fabiola Pardede and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a need to generate clean, sustainable power to meet the current demand in Indonesia. The current capacity only meets 86.4% of population demand even though Indonesia is ranked 10th in global coal reserves and 4th in geothermal potential. According to Indonesias 35,000 MW power plan, the government is making an effort to increase energy consumption from coal and renewable energy by 2025. Coal and biomass power plants play an important role in the generation of electricity in Indonesia. Approximately 25% of Indonesias energy consumption is from coal, and power generation is continually moving towards cleaner methods, such as gasification and utilization of renewable energy. Due to high volcanic and tectonic activities, it is predicted that more than 27,000 MW of potential untapped geothermal energy is available in Indonesia. Combining several of the most advanced clean technologies could change the foreseeable focus of power generation methods. Coal-based, gasification combined cycle power plants integrated with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2)-based geothermal systems could potentially generate electricity with high efficiency and low carbon emissions, without the intermittency associated with solar and wind power.There is an increased need for carbon dioxide sequestration from fossil fuel plants, due to rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 levels. Ready-to-sequester carbon dioxide is available from a coal based, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plant with high efficiency. This CO2, while being sequestered, can also be used as a heat transfer medium in a geothermal power generation system in Indonesia. This thesis examines the novel concept of utilizing CO2 from a coal-based IGCC power plant as a heat transfer medium to extract renewable geothermal energy in order to offset the energy required for compression in the CO2 sequestration process. The Darajat geothermal field in Indonesia has a high reservoir temperature that is available at relatively shallow depths. Based on earlier work, it is assumed that 10% of the carbon dioxide is sequestered within the reservoir while drawing thermal energy from a 2.6 km depth, to generate power using a direct CO2 turbine and a binary power plant. All 680 kg/s of supercritical CO2 are distributed evenly among 10 injection wells in the reservoir to be used as a heat transfer medium, and for partial sequestration. The carbon dioxide stream from the 10 production wells and the compressed supercritical CO2 from the IGCC plant are recirculated back to the injection wells. Heat rejection from the CO2 produced is accepted by the Organic Rankine Cycle to generate power. The IGCC plant CO2 output from the pre-combustion and post-combustion processes is matched with the amount of CO2 sequestered to maintain constant circulation for the geothermal plant. ASPEN Plus software was used to simulate the geothermal power plant, circulation system, carbon dioxide heat extraction from the reservoir, and each fluid necessary to drive a closed loop Organic Rankine Cycle.Among the working fluids examined, isobutane, n-butane, R134a, and R245fa, the most suitable for the Darajat system, which has a 200C reservoir temperature, was isobutane. This study also discusses the energy generated from a carbon dioxide turbine and a recuperated Organic Rankine Cycle by varying the temperatures and pressures of carbon dioxide injection based on an existing Darajat geothermal reservoir located in Indonesia. Power generated by a direct CO2 turbine and a binary power plant is compared with the 17.4 MW of power required to compress the CO2 for sequestration. CO2 utilization in the supercritical phase is found to be more advantageous than subcritical CO2 for power generation when using a direct CO2 turbine. A deeper, 3.6 km injection point for the Darajat-Enhanced Geothermal System yields 18.3 MW with approximately 15 years of lifetime, while a natural Darajat geothermal system with the existing wells can potentially improve the technical feasibility with a larger CO2 flow rate for additional power generation.
Download or read book Numerical Studies of Fluid rock Interactions in EnhancedGeothermal Systems EGS with CO2 as Working Fluid written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing interest in the novel concept of operating Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) with CO2 instead of water as heat transmission fluid. Initial studies have suggested that CO2 will achieve larger rates of heat extraction, and can offer geologic storage of carbon as an ancillary benefit. Fluid-rock interactions in EGS operated with CO2 are expected to be vastly different in zones with an aqueous phase present, as compared to the central reservoir zone with anhydrous supercritical CO2. Our numerical simulations of chemically reactive transport show a combination of mineral dissolution and precipitation effects in the peripheral zone of the systems. These could impact reservoir growth and longevity, with important ramifications for sustaining energy recovery, for estimating CO2 loss rates, and for figuring tradeoffs between power generation and geologic storage of CO2.
Download or read book Enhanced Geothermal Systems EGS written by D. Chandrasekharam and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Peter Meisen, Past President, Global Energy Network Institute in 1997 stated "What if there was an existing, viable technology, that when developed to its highest potential could increase everyone's standard of living, cut fossil fuel demand and the resultant pollution". After 23 three years of sustained effort by the global scientific community, this is becoming true. Technology to extract heat from granites is being revolutionized during last few years. The classical method of creating fracture network by hydrofraturing is being replaced by closed loop method where fluids are not in contact with the hot granite. Supercritical CO2 is replacing water as a circulating fluid. Certainly, the future energy road is going to be led by high radiogenic granites. While hydrothermal source is site specific and has its limitations, EGS can be initiated anywhere on earth. EGS is removing all such obstacles and in future will provide uninterrupted electricity for all. Energy deficient countries can have surplus electricity, water stressed countries can have perennial freshwater supply and countries can become food secured and rise above poverty level. Countries need not depend on energy imports and independently evolve into carbon neutral or low carbon societies. The contributions made by experts will help the researchers and investors to close the energy demand and supply gap in the very near future by tapping the unlimited energy from the Earth. Opportunities available for investors in Turkey is well documented with field, geophysical and geochemical data and information on energy generating capacity of the granite intrusives spread over a cumulative area of 6910 sq.km in western Anatolia. With the signing of GGA (Global Geothermal Alliance) by several countries during the December 2015 CoP 21 (Conference of Parties) summit in Paris, countries are obliged to reduce CO2 emissions by increasing the footprint of renewable energy in the primary source mix. Information provided in this book will lead the road to establish clean energy future for the millions for sustainable development and help to mitigate crisis arising due to food, water, and energy shortage issues. Academic and research institutes will benefit to a large extent from the expertise of top contributors in this book. This information provided in this book will help to lay foundation to super-hot EGS research in future"--
Download or read book On the Production Behavior of Enhanced Geothermal Systems with CO2as Working Fluid written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical simulation is used to evaluate mass flow and heatextraction rates from enhanced geothermal injection-production systemsthat are operated using either CO2 or water as heat transmission fluid. For a model system patterned after the European hot dry rock experimentat Soultz, we find significantly greater heat extraction rates for CO2 ascompared to water. The strong dependence of CO2 mobility (=density/viscosity) upon temperature and pressure may lead to unusualproduction behavior, where heat extraction rates can actually increasefor a time, even as the reservoir is subject to thermal depletion. Wepresent the first-ever three-dimensional simulations of CO2injection-production systems. These show strong effects of gravity onmass flow and heat extraction, due to the large contrast of CO2 densitybetween cold injection and hot production conditions. The tendency forpreferential flow of cold, dense CO2 along the reservoir bottom can leadto premature thermal breakthrough. The problem can be avoided byproducing from only a limited depth interval at the top of thereservoir.
Download or read book Geothermal Energy written by Kriti Yadav and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the usage of geothermal energy in countries with low-enthalpy reservoirs. It begins with the fundamentals of geothermal energy and classification of geothermal resources and their importance, including enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Further, it discusses the creation, production, potential assessment, perspective analysis, life cycle, and environmental assessments of EGS. It describes applications in the field of geothermal energy with relevant case studies and introduces the application of machine learning techniques in the field of geothermal sectors. Features: Focuses on the development of low- to moderate-enthalpy geothermal resources Introduces machine learning tools and artificial intelligence as applied to geothermal energy Provides an understanding of geothermal energy resources and EGS Discusses the possibility of EGS using spallation and laser drilling Includes stimulation methods (thermal, hydraulic, chemical, and explosive) and case studies This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in geology, clean energy, geothermal energy, and thermal engineering.
Download or read book Enhanced Geothermal Systems EGS Comparing Water with CO2 as Heattransmission Fluids written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper summarizes our research to date into operatingEGS with CO2. Our modeling studies indicate that CO2 would achieve morefavorable heat extraction than aqueous fluids. The peculiarthermophysicalproperties of CO2 give rise to unusual features in the dependence ofenergy recovery on thermodynamic conditions and time. Preliminarygeochemical studies suggest that CO2 may avoid unfavorable rock-fluidinteractions that have been encountered in water-basedsystems. To morefully evaluate the potential of EGS with CO2 will require an integratedresearch programme of model development, and laboratory and fieldstudies.
Download or read book Geothermal Energy written by Marc A. Rosen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensively covers geothermal energy systems that utilize ground energy in conjunction with heat pumps to provide sustainable heating and cooling The book describes geothermal energy systems that utilize ground energy in conjunction with heat pumps and related technologies to provide heating and cooling. Also discussed are methods to model and assess such systems, as well as means to determine potential environmental impacts of geothermal energy systems and their thermal interaction. The book presents the most up-to-date information in the area. It provides material on a range of topics, from thermodynamic concepts to more advanced discussions of the renewability and sustainability of geothermal energy systems. Numerous applications of such systems are also provided. Geothermal Energy: Sustainable Heating and Cooling Using the Ground takes a research orientated approach to provide coverage of the state of the art and emerging trends, and includes numerous illustrative examples and case studies. Theory and analysis are emphasized throughout, with detailed descriptions of models available for vertical and horizontal geothermal heat exchangers. Key features: Explains geothermal energy systems that utilize ground energy in conjunction with heat pumps to provide heating and cooling, as well as related technologies such as thermal energy storage. Describes and discusses methods to model and analyze geothermal energy systems, and to determine their potential environmental impacts and thermal interactions. Covers various applications of geothermal energy systems. Takes a research orientated approach to provide coverage of the state of the art and emerging trends. Includes numerous illustrative examples and case studies. The book is key for researchers and practitioners working in geothermal energy, as well as graduate and advanced undergraduate students in departments of mechanical, civil, chemical, energy, environmental, process and industrial engineering.
Download or read book Geothermal Energy written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Parameters Affecting Optimal Heat Extraction from CO2 based Enhanced Geothermal Systems Using a Single Stage Fracture Unit of a Horizontal Doublet written by Chizee Morgan Omodu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the realities of climate change, the need for renewable energy solutions to meet our growing demands has increased. Carbon dioxide (CO2) based Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) are capable of meeting both clean energy demand as well as removing CO2 from our atmosphere. However, the development of CO2 heat mining has been slow due to both financial and technological reasons. An important aspect of optimizing heat mining generally is identifying the parameters or areas that need to be adjusted. In this study, we investigate the parameters that have the greatest influence on CO2-based EGS heat extraction. To achieve this, we employ a simple single stage vertical fracture unit of a horizontal doublet. Our study unfolds in two parts. Firstly, we evaluate the heat extraction efficiency of CO2 vs water in our proposed reservoir model. Secondly, we examine the CO2 system in more detail to determine what parameter has the greatest impact on CO2 mining. Results from our base case (T = 200oC, P = 330 bar) solution agree that with simple injection bottom-hole pressure controls, CO2 net heat extraction exceeds that of water by about 50%. The cumulative heat extracted in this system is about 400 MW-yr and 116 MW-yr for the CO2 and water systems, respectively. A higher injection rate or lower injection temperature will generally improve the net heat extraction rate. We perform a sensitivity analysis on the cumulative heat produced in the CO2-based EGS utilizing parameters like injector and producer bottom-hole pressure, reservoir rock heat capacity and thermal conductivity, fracture properties (permeability, porosity, and width), injection mass flow rate and temperature, and well radius of injector and producer. Our findings are displayed with Morris and Sobol analyses which show that the injection mass flow rate has the greatest influence (46%) on CO2 heat mining. This is closely followed by the reservoir rock thermal conductivity (38.84%), moderately by injection temperature (12.87%), and to a lesser extent by the reservoir rock heat capacity (1.83%), fracture properties (permeability: 0.203%, width: 0.16%, and porosity: 0.052%), injector bottom-hole pressure (0.021%), well radius (0.0158% each), and producer bottom-hole pressure (0.0071%) for producer bottom-hole pressure less than average reservoir pressure
Download or read book What is an Enhanced Geothermal System EGS Fact Sheet written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Geothermal Technologies Office fact sheet explains how engineered geothermal reservoirs called Enhanced Geothermal Systems are used to produce energy from geothermal resources that are otherwise not economical due to a lack of fluid and/or permeability.
Download or read book Geothermal Technologies Program Enhanced Geothermal Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This general publication describes enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) and the principles of operation. It also describes the DOE program R&D efforts in this area, and summarizes several projects using EGS technology.
Download or read book Enhanced Geothermal Systems Demonstration Projects written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) demonstration projects are highlighted on this Geothermal Technologies Office Web page.
Download or read book Role of Fluid Pressure in the Production Behavior of EnhancedGeothermal Systems with CO2 as Working Fluid written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical simulation is used to evaluate mass flow and heatextraction rates from enhanced geothermal injection-production systemsthat are operated using either CO2 or water as heat transmission fluid. For a model system patterned after the European hot dry rock experimentat Soultz, we find significantly greater heat extraction rates for CO2 ascompared to water. The strong dependence of CO2 mobility (=density/viscosity) upon temperature and pressure may lead to unusualproduction behavior, where heat extraction rates can actually increasefor a time, even as the reservoir is subject to thermaldepletion.
