Download or read book Engineering Properties of Pile Rebound Soils Based on Cone Penetration Testing written by Hadeel Dekhn and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High pile rebound (HPR) has been identified by Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) to occur during the installation of square prestressed concrete piles at many sites in Florida. Significant pile rebound values of up to 1.5 inch/blow were measured resulting in increased blow counts. Pile refusal is a common occurrence when blow count exceeds 240 blow/ft; leading to pile redesign and economic consequences. The overall objective of this research is to identify the engineering properties of soil deposits which may cause HPR and develop improved correlations that may be used to predict HPR during the design process. Seven sites were studied in this research. Pile driving analyzer (PDA) data was used to identify the rebound zones. Cone penetration tests (CPT) and Standard penetration tests (SPT) were conducted near the associated test piles. The SPT data was used to develop soil profile for each site. The CPT data was used to estimate profiles of engineering soil properties. An existing correlation between the CPT pore pressure and pile rebound was evaluated and improved. High CPT pore pressures measured at the rebound zones were found to correlate linearly with pile rebound. Using the CPT the rebound soils were classified as dense silty sands and highly overconsolidated or cemented silty clays. These soils are dilative under shear loading increasing the shear strength of the surrounding soil and the pile skin friction. As a result higher blow counts are required to reach pile penetration. The HPR soils have very low permeability; therefore, high compression-induced pore pressures may be generated near the pile tip during driving. These pore pressures at the pile tip may provide upward forces leading to rebound. The SPT data showed that cemented silty fine sand (SM) and clayey fine sand (SC) with trace phosphate and shell with fines content of 25 % to 40 % were found in the rebound zones. The CPT data superimposed on soil behavior type (SBT) charts provides an engineering method to predict pile rebound soils.

Download or read book Reevaluating Engineering Properties of Pile Rebound Soils Based on Standard Penetration Testing written by Brian Frederick Wisnom and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pile rebound has been identified by Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) to occur during the installation of square prestressed concrete piles. High Pile Rebound (HPR) has been identified from Brevard County to the panhandle. At times observed up to 3 inches, rebound and HPR result in excessive blow counts, an increased potential for damaged piles, early refusal conditions, decreased capacities, and even pile redesigns during construction. The objective of this research was to verify correlations developed by Cosentino, Kalajian, and Jarushi (2011) and Jarushi (2013), who previously identified uncorrected Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blow counts and soil fines content (FC) as pile rebound indicators. Both proposed that denser sand and harder clay soils, along with higher FC's that result in high excess pore water pressures, would resist permanent pile set and result in HPR. Eleven sites and twenty-five test piles were reviewed as part of this research. Raw PDA files were manipulated to identify rebound which was then correlated to safety hammer equivalent SPT N blow counts (Nsafe). Common empirical SPT correlations, relating N to the engineering properties of soil deposits, and soil relationships with respect to liquefaction potential were reviewed. Maximum rebound was found to occur when Nsafe was less than 20 blows per foot, and generally decreased as Nsafe increased, though SPT refusal conditions did produce excessive rebound in silty and clayey sands. In addition, it was found that rebound magnitudes were influenced by the presence of fines up to a FC of 40%, at which any further increase in fines produced less rebound. These findings did not match or verify the proposed correlations by Cosentino et al. (2011) and Jarushi (2013). Additional soil engineering properties were reviewed, but it became apparent that direct review of SPT and rebound data did not account for all variables as it only considered conditions beneath the pile toe. Review of PDA total skin friction (SFT) found that maximum pile rebound only occurred when SFT resistances were negligible. As SFT increased, the corresponding rebound decreased, and excessive SFT resulted in negligible rebound for all soils. In addition, laboratory testing results on post construction SPT borings, and pile rebound identified within test pile driving logs were reviewed together. Though the analysis was limited to only four test piles, it showed that liquefaction resistant soils were present when rebound occurred.

Download or read book Evaluating Geotechnical Engineering Properties Associated with High Pile Rebound written by Fauzi H. M. Jarushi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1078 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At certain depths during driving of large diameter displacement piles, rebound greater than 0.25 inches occurs, followed by a small permanent-set after each hammer blow. This phenomenon is called high pile rebound (HPR). HPR soils may stop the pile driving and result in a limited pile capacity. The overburden depth at which HPR occurs is typically greater than 50 ft. In some cases, rebound leads to pile damage, delaying of the construction project and foundations redesign. The objective of this research was to develop a geotechnical engineering protocol that would allow the geotechnical engineer to identify soil properties and strata which might cause HPR before pile driving begins (i.e., during the design phase of the project). A total of 172 test piles at 138 pier locations, including 102 large prestressed concrete piles (PCP) and 70 low displacement steel H-Piles, were evaluated so as to select the HPR sites where geotechnical data could be collected. Based on available geotechnical data, 21 PCP piles at eleven sites were chosen for this investigation. The H-piles did not experience any HPR problems and thus were not studied. All HPR piles were driven into saturated, fine silty to clayey sands and sandy clays or fat clays. A complete subsurface investigation was conducted after all HPR piles were installed. It included Standard Penetration Testing (SPT), retrieval of disturbed samples, lab testing to produce basic geotechnical index properties, plus Cone Penetrometer Testing (CPT) with pore water pressure measurements. A total of 43 SPT test borings and 27 CPT soundings were performed and evaluated. Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) data from all the test piles was reduced to a deflection versus time to enable both the maximum and final displacements per blow to be used in calculating rebound. Maximum displacement and inspector set (iSet), recorded during installation of the test piles, was used to develop several promising correlations between pile rebound, or inspector set and SPT blow counts (NSPT), fines content, and CPT. In soil conditions where the NSPT values were 15 blows/ft or less with a fines content of 25 percent (i.e., analyses include 21 piles at eleven sites), the rebound was less then 0.25 inches and yielded an acceptable pile permanent-iSet of up to 3 inches. When the NSPT values were between 15 and 40 blows/ft with a fines content of 25 to 40 percent, the pile rebound varied between 0.25 and 0.6 inches but still produced an acceptable permanent-iSet. As the NSPT exceeded 40 blows/ft with a fines content greater than 40 percent, the pile rebound was greater than 0.6 inch accompanied by a small or zero (i.e., unacceptable) permanent i-Set. Where piles experienced excessive HPR with zero or minimal permanent-iSet at 8 piles, the CPTu pore water pressure (u2) yielded very high positive values of more than 20 tsf. However, at the two sites (i.e., 4 piles) where the pile rebounded, and was followed by an acceptable permanent-iSet, the measured CPTu u2 ranged between 5 and 20 tsf, the u2 exhibited values of less than 5 tsf at two piles where no rebound detected. Direct linear correlations between CPTu u2 and rebound were produced with strong linear correlations with regression coefficients R2 of 0.6 or higher. In these cases, the permanent-iSet decreased and rebound increased as u2 increased. Rebound versus u2 or u2/hydrostatic pressure (u0) pressure produced a linear plot through the origin, indicating rebound would equal approximately 2.5% of the CPTu u2 or 5.5% of the u2/u0. Therefore, these correlations between CPTu pore pressure and rebound allow identification of soils that produce HPR. In order to improve the knowledge about the soil types producing HPR, Piezocone data at HPR sites were interpreted using CPT and CPTu soil behavior type (SBT) charts developed by 1) Schmertmann (1978), 2) Eslami and Fellenius (2004), 3) Robertson (1990), and 4) Schneider et al. (2008). SBT charts allow geotechnical engineers to fully utilize the behavior of HPR soils. HPR soils are classified as dense or stiff by Schmertmann (1978); and categorized as silty sand or silty clay to clay silt by the Eslami-Fellenius (2004) chart, where [CPT sleeve friction] is greater then 0.80 tsf and [CPT Cone resistance] is greater than 200 tsf. The Robertson (1990) SBT chart showed that most HPR soils were in zone 4 (i.e., clayey silty to silty clay), with a [pore pressure] ratio of greater than 0.4 and a friction ratio of greater than 1.5%. Most non-HPR soils on these charts were in zone 6 (clean sand to silty sand). The most promising chart was developed by Schneider et al. (2008), and classified HPR layers as 1a and 1b (silt and clays) with [excess pore pressure] of greater than 1, while non-HPR soils were plotted in transitional soils, zone 3 (sand), with [excess pore pressure] of less than 1. Comparison of these results with classifications from laboratory tests were in excellent agreement with CPT soil type, and therefore the CPT can be a useful tool in evaluation of HPR soils. Statistical analyses were performed on the geotechnical data using SPSS software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Equations and a nomograph to predict pile rebound were developed which then were investigated for the adequacy of fit. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine if there was any significant relationship between rebound, NSPT and fines content or friction ratio and CPTu pore pressure. The applicability of equations and the nomograph was evaluated by plotting the predicted rebound versus actual rebound. The actual rebound data was from sites which were not used to develop the equations and the nomograph. The performance of both the equation and the design chart produced R2 values of 0.70 or higher. Statistical logistic regression modeling was also carried out on the geotechnical data using SPSS software. As a result, the models showed that the probabilities of HPR increased as either the fines content or NSPT increased and the regression coefficient R2 approached 1.0. The probability of the HPR was greater than 50 percent when the NSPT exceeded 30 blows/ft and the fines content exceeded 35 percent. The probability of HPR using CPTu pore pressure was greater than 50 percent when the pore pressure was greater than 16 tsf. The relationship between HPR and CPTu pore pressure produced a strong correlation coefficient of R2 approaching 1.0. The statistical logistic regression modeling and equations showed promise in predicting rebound. This methodology may lead to a simpler evaluation process which allows engineers to predict HPR during the design phase. A variety of methods were shown to be effective in predicting HPR and the correlations developed in this study allow the geotechnical engineer to predict if HPR will occur at a proposed site, where high displacement piles are to be driven using a single-acting diesel hammer. The correlations showed that permanent-iSet and rebound were a direct function of NSPT and fines content or friction ratio R[f] and pore pressure u2 of the soil at the pile tip. The design equations and corresponding nomograph developed provide a methodology that allows for the prediction of HPR during the design phase.

Download or read book Cone Penetration Testing written by Paul W. Mayne and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2007 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NCHRP synthesis 368 explores the current practices of departments of transportation associated with cone penetration testing (CPT). The report examines cone penetrometer equipment options; field testing procedures; CPT data presentation and geostratigraphic profiling; CPT evaluation of soil engineering parameters and properties; CPT for deep foundations, pilings, shallow foundations, and embankments; and CPT use in ground modifications and difficult ground conditions.

Download or read book Cone Penetration Testing written by A. C. Meigh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cone Penetration Testing: Methods and Interpretation discusses the history, applications, and development of the cone penetration test procedures and related test procedures. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1 deals with the cone penetration test proper – its general and historical outline, equipment and their accuracy and calibration, the use of the test results, and its parameters in different kinds of soils and materials. Part 2 covers the role and use of piezocones and its use for the assessment of soil. The text is recommended for engineers and geologists who would like to know more about the applications of the pressuremeter and the interpretation of its results.

Download or read book Cone Penetration Testing in Geotechnical Practice written by T. Lunne and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides guidance on the specification, performance, use and interpretation of the Electric Cone Penetration Test (CPU), and in particular the Cone Penetration Test with pore pressure measurement (CPTU) commonly referred to as the "piezocone test".

Download or read book Interpretation of Cone Penetration Tests in Cohesive Soils written by Kwangkyum Kim and published by . This book was released on 2006-12-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Large Diameter Bored Piles in Non cohesive Soils written by Kazimierz Gwizdala and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Bearing Capacity of Piles from Cone Penetration Test Data written by Hani H. Titi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents an evaluation of the performance of eight cone penetration test (CPT) methods in predicting the ultimate load carrying capacity of square precast prestressed concrete (PPC) piles driven into Louisiana soils. Sixty piles were identified, collected, and analyzed. The following methods were used to predict the load carrying capacity of the collected piles using the CPT data: Schmertmann, Bustamante and Gianeselli (LCPC/LCP), de Ruiter and Beringen, Tumay and Fakhroo, Price and Wardle, Philipponnat, Aoki and De Alencar, and the penpile method. The ultimate load carrying capacity for each pile was also predicted using the static method, which is used by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development for pile design and analysis.

Download or read book Cone Penetration Testing and Experience written by Gary M. Norris and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Guidelines for Cone Penetration Test written by United States. Federal Highway Administration. Implementation Division and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual presents procedures and guidelines applicable to the use of the cone penetration test. It represents the author's interpretation of the state-of-the-art in Dutch static cone testing as of February 1977. Its contents should provide assistance and uniformity to engineers concerned with the interpretation of the data obtained from such testing. Only geotechnical engineers familiar with the fundamentals of soil mechanics and foundation engineering should use this manual. The manual includes: Introduction and review of the general principals concerning cone penetrometer testing. Individual design chapters which address topics such as: pile design, shear strength estimation, settlement calculation and compaction control; and Appendices which present previously published, pertinent information on cone penetrometer testing.

Download or read book Cone Penetration Testing 2018 written by Michael A. Hicks and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cone Penetration Testing 2018 contains the proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT’18, Delft, The Netherlands, 21-22 June 2018), and presents the latest developments relating to the use of cone penetration testing in geotechnical engineering. It focuses on the solution of geotechnical challenges using the cone penetration test (CPT), CPT add-on measurements and companion in-situ penetration tools (such as full flow and free fall penetrometers), with an emphasis on practical experience and application of research findings. The peer-reviewed papers have been authored by academics, researchers and practitioners from many countries worldwide and cover numerous important aspects, ranging from the development of innovative theoretical and numerical methods of interpretation, to real field applications. This is an Open Access ebook, and can be found on www.taylorfrancis.com.

Download or read book Determination of P y Curves by Direct Use of Cone Penetration Test CPT Data written by SHAWN SHAHRIAR ARIANNIA and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current best practice in geotechnical engineering in determining lateral capacity of piles is to replace the soil reaction with a series of independent springs. Basically, the model uses beam theory to represent the pile and uncoupled, non-linear load transfer functions, called p-y curves to represent the soil. Most of the existing methods for determining p-y curves are highly empirical, based on a limited number of cases of laterally loaded piles, which were instrumented, enabling to measure the pile deflection in discrete depth intervals subject to different lateral load (i.e. Matlock 1970, Reese 1975). In essence, these methods have their own limitations, and are mainly applicable for the conditions similar to the tested conditions. Although later, more detailed investigations by different people addressed some of the problems, still the basis of the existing design programs such as LPILE, or procedures introduced in applicable codes such as API (American Petroleum Institute), is the same original recommendations made by Matlock and Reese during seventies. In recent era, demand in employment of in-situ direct-pushed based methods using multi-measurement in-situ devices, such as the seismic cone penetration test with pore water measurement (SCPTu) and Seismic Flat Dilatometer Test (SDMT) is significantly increased. The main objective of this research is to introduce a unified CPT-based approach for determining p-y curves and pile responses to lateral loads. The suggested approach will provide explicit and defined steps/criteria to develop p-y curves for piles subjected to lateral loads using CPT data. CPT data will be used to determine soil strength parameters. Recent developments in relating CPT data to soil basic parameters using Critical State Soil Mechanics (CSSM) framework will be implemented in the suggested model. In all current common models, pre-determination of the soil behavior and the model to be used (e.g. Matlock clay, 1970 or Reese sand, 1975), will become warranted even before commencement of the analysis. On the contrary, in the proposed model, the need for the said pre-determination of soil behavior is eliminated. As discussed in Section 2.3.5, soil behavior in the model is being classified into four broad and general groups: drained-dilative, drained- contractive, undrained-dilative and undrained-contractive The main factor driving the suggested analytical approach is Soil Behavior Type Index, Ic. In the proposed approach, the SBT index, Ic, will be used to determine the in-situ characteristics and behavior of the soil. Based on the value of Ic calculated from CPT data, it could be determined that the soil behaves as a sand-like or a clay-like soil, and during the shearing would behave in undrained or drained condition. The measured shear wave velocity during field test using seismic cone penetration test or other methods such as SASW (Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves) or Cross-Hole logging, may be used to determine the small strain shear modulus, G0, which corresponds to the initial stiffness of the linear part of the p-y curve. In this research, the proposed model will be verified using collected case histories of laterally loaded piles with available CPT data at the same site. The p-y curves, and pile force-head displacements determined from the model will be compared to the field-resulted p-y curves and pile head displacement measurements available from the case histories.

Download or read book Comparison of Measured Pile Capacity to Pile Capacity Predictions Made Using Electronic Cone Penetration Data written by Ronald L. Richman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Improving Design Phase Evaluations for High Pile Rebound Sites Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A testing program performed to help determine typical soils properties encountered during pile installation when high rebound occurs produced a decision matrix for geotechnical engineers. High pile rebound (HPR) occurred at numerous sites in Florida. Samples from standard penetration test (SPT) borings and thin-walled tube sample borings were used in addition to cone penetrometer with pore pressure (CPTu) data to determine soil properties trends.

Download or read book Cone Penetration Testing 2022 written by Guido Gottardi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-11-11 with total page 1205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This abstracts volume (including full keynote and invited papers) contains the proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT’22), held in Bologna, Italy, 8-10 June 2022. More than 500 authors - academics, researchers, practitioners and manufacturers – contributed to the peer-reviewed papers included in this book, which includes three keynote lectures, four invited lectures and 169 technical papers. The contributions provide a full picture of the current knowledge and major trends in CPT research and development, with respect to innovations in instrumentation, latest advances in data interpretation, and emerging fields of CPT application. The paper topics encompass three well-established topic categories typically addressed in CPT events: - Equipment and Procedures - Data Interpretation - Applications. Emphasis is placed on the use of statistical approaches and innovative numerical strategies for CPT data interpretation, liquefaction studies, application of CPT to offshore engineering, comparative studies between CPT and other in-situ tests. Cone Penetration Testing 2022 contains a wealth of information that could be useful for researchers, practitioners and all those working in the broad and dynamic field of cone penetration testing.

Download or read book Bearing Capacity of Piles from Cone Penetration Test Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: