Download or read book Enforcement of Mandatory Sanctions in Virginia Traffic Courts written by David I. Greenberg and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mandatory Traffic Law Sanctions written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Improving the Enforcement of Driver License Denials Suspensions and Revocations Part 2 Technical Report Final Report written by O. Bryk and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Annual Report Virginia Highway Research Council written by Virginia Highway Research Council and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bryson on Virginia Civil Procedure written by W. Hamilton Bryson and published by . This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Pound of Flesh written by Alexes Harris and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over seven million Americans are either incarcerated, on probation, or on parole, with their criminal records often following them for life and affecting access to higher education, jobs, and housing. Court-ordered monetary sanctions that compel criminal defendants to pay fines, fees, surcharges, and restitution further inhibit their ability to reenter society. In A Pound of Flesh, sociologist Alexes Harris analyzes the rise of monetary sanctions in the criminal justice system and shows how they permanently penalize and marginalize the poor. She exposes the damaging effects of a little-understood component of criminal sentencing and shows how it further perpetuates racial and economic inequality. Harris draws from extensive sentencing data, legal documents, observations of court hearings, and interviews with defendants, judges, prosecutors, and other court officials. She documents how low-income defendants are affected by monetary sanctions, which include fees for public defenders and a variety of processing charges. Until these debts are paid in full, individuals remain under judicial supervision, subject to court summons, warrants, and jail stays. As a result of interest and surcharges that accumulate on unpaid financial penalties, these monetary sanctions often become insurmountable legal debts which many offenders carry for the remainder of their lives. Harris finds that such fiscal sentences, which are imposed disproportionately on low-income minorities, help create a permanent economic underclass and deepen social stratification. A Pound of Flesh delves into the court practices of five counties in Washington State to illustrate the ways in which subjective sentencing shapes the practice of monetary sanctions. Judges and court clerks hold a considerable degree of discretion in the sentencing and monitoring of monetary sanctions and rely on individual values—such as personal responsibility, meritocracy, and paternalism—to determine how much and when offenders should pay. Harris shows that monetary sanctions are imposed at different rates across jurisdictions, with little or no state government oversight. Local officials’ reliance on their own values and beliefs can also push offenders further into debt—for example, when judges charge defendants who lack the means to pay their fines with contempt of court and penalize them with additional fines or jail time. A Pound of Flesh provides a timely examination of how monetary sanctions permanently bind poor offenders to the judicial system. Harris concludes that in letting monetary sanctions go unchecked, we have created a two-tiered legal system that imposes additional burdens on already-marginalized groups.

Download or read book Alcohol Safety Action Projects Ch 2 Evaluation of the enforcement countermeasure activities Ch 3 Evaluation of the judicial and legislative countermeasure activities Ch 4 Evaluation of the presentence investigation and probation countermeasure activities Ch 5 Evaluation of the rehabilitation countermeasure activities written by United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Office of Driver and Pedestrian Programs and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photographic Enforcement of Traffic Laws written by Robert R. Blackburn and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis will be of interest to state and local highway agency administrative and executive officers, enforcement agency personnel, attorneys, traffic engineers, and others concerned with managing and enforcing traffic laws at all levels of government. It will also be of interest to manufacturers and marketers of automated speed enforcement (ASE) technology. The synthesis describes the requirements, applications, effectiveness, and issues related to the use of ASE technology. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the various types of ASE technology as applied in several localities, including descriptions of operational requirements and performance characteristics of these technologies. The synthesis also discusses how citations are processed, and examines the legal and acceptability issues related to ASE technology and public views on these actions. The various technologies on the market at the time of preparation of this synthesis are also described. It should be noted that, as with any application of public surveillance technology, officials are well advised to exercise proper cautions when employing such enforcement procedures.

Download or read book Enforcement of Judgments and Liens in Virginia written by Doug Rendleman and published by LexisNexis. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increasing emphasis on consumers' rights & developments in federal debtor-creditor law, Enforcement of Judgments & Liens in Virginia helps the practicing lawyer solve frequently-occurring collection problems.

Download or read book National Highway Safety Advisory Committee Annual Report 1974 written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.

Download or read book NIJ Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Jailing Drunk Drivers written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Model Code of Judicial Conduct written by American Bar Association and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Beyond the Limits written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography on Driver Licensing Final Report written by D. C. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.