Download or read book Energy Spectrum of Neutrons from Fissions Induced by Thermal Neutrons written by B. E. Watt and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fission Spectrum written by Felix Bloch and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements of the spectrum of the fission neutrons of 25 are described, in which the energy of the neutrons is determined from the ionization produced by individual hydrogen recoils. The slow neutrons producing fission are obtained by slowing down the fast neutrons from the Be-D reaction of the Stanford cyclotron. In order to distinguish between fission neutrons and the remaining fast cyclotron neutrons both the cyclotron current and the pusle amplifier are modulated. A hollow neutron container, in which slow neutrons have a lifetime of about 2 milliseconds, avoids the use of large distances. This method results in much higher intensities than the usual modulation arrangement. The results show a continuous distribution of neutrons with a rather wide maximum at about 0.8 MV falling off to half of its maximum value at 2.0 MV. The total number of netrons is determined by comparison with the number of fission fragments. The result seems to indicate that only about 30% of the neutrons have energies below .8 MV. Various tests are described which were performed in order to rule out modification of the spectrum by inelastic scattering.
Download or read book Mean Fission Neutron Spectrum Energies for 252Cf and Fissile Nuclides 233U 235U 239Pu and 241Pu written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international standard for a neutron spectrum is that produced from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf, while the thermal neutron induced fission neutron spectra for the four fissile nuclides, 233U, 235U, 239Pu and 241Pu, are of interest from the standpoint of nuclear reactors. There have been many data sets produced in recent years which deal with the shape of these spectra, particularly at both the low energy and the high energy portions of the curve. However, our interest here is in the average neutron energies of these spectra. We have tabulated all measurements for the five nuclides of interest. The individual measurements are recorded with the neutron energy range measured, the method of detection as well as the average neutron energy for each author. Fortunately, the measurements have been performed with a number of techniques, which allows one to estimate the systematic error from the spread in the results for the different techniques. An attempt has been made to renormalize results when the neutron spectrum used for normalization purposes has been given. In addition to the tables of mean energy measurements, we have also tabulated the measurements of the ratio of mean energies for pairs of fission neutron spectra. The following items were considered, where possible, in the analysis of the mean energies of the neutron spectra: the energy scale of the measurement, the determination of the detector efficiency, the sample size and the sample thickness and the scattering corrections made. The recommended mean energies for the spectra considered are shown. The uncertainty listed attempts to estimate the systematic error as well as merely the precision in each of the experiments. The recommended values for /sup 233,235/U, /sup 239,241/Pu, and 252Cf are 2.02 +- 0.03 MeV, 1.98 +- 0.03 MeV, 2.06 +- 0.04 MeV, 2.05 +- 0.05 MeV, and 2.14 +- 0.03 MeV, respectively. 73 refs.
Download or read book Fission Neutrons written by Nikolay Kornilov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the fission of heavy nuclei was discovered over 75 years ago, many problems and questions still remain to be addressed and answered. The reader will be presented with an old, but persistent problem of this field: The contradiction between Prompt Fission Neutron (PFN) spectra measured with differential (microscopic) experiments and integral (macroscopic and benchmark) experiments (the Micro-Macro problem). The difference in average energy is rather small ~3% but it is stable and we cannot explain the difference due to experimental uncertainties. Can we measure the PFN spectrum with high accuracy? How may we compare results of different experiments to provide better accuracy? Are our traditional theoretical models correct? What can be done to solve the Micro-Macro problem in future? These questions are discussed in this monograph for the reader. The current work will be of interest to graduate students and researchers, particularly those working in nuclear and neutron physics.
Download or read book Study of Fission Neutron Spectra with High energy Activation Detectors written by J. A. Grundl and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prompt Neutron Fission Spectrum Mean Energies for the Fissile Nuclides and 252Cf written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international standard for a neutron spectrum is that produced from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf, while the thermal neutron induced fission neutron spectra for the four fissile nuclides, 233U, 235U, 239Pu, and 241Pu are of interest from the standpoint of nuclear reactors. The average neutron energies of these spectra are tabulated. The individual measurements are recorded with the neutron energy range measured, the method of detection as well as the average neutron energy for each author. Also tabulated are the measurements of the ratio of mean energies for pairs of fission neutron spectra. 75 refs., 9 tabs. (LEW).
Download or read book Neutron Energy Spectra from Neutron Induced Fission of 124U at 0 95 MeV and of 127U at 1 35 and 2 02 MeV written by E. Almén and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neutron Induced Reactions written by J. Kristiak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium, Smolenice, June 17-21, 1985
Download or read book The Energy Spectrum of Leakage Neutrons from a Homogeneous Reactor written by R. C. Rohr and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neutron Physics written by Karl-Heinrich Beckurts and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based upon a series of lectures I have occasionally given at the University of Gottingen since 1951. They were meant to introduce the students of experimental physics to the work in a neutron physics laboratory dealing with the problem of measuring neutron flux, diffusion length, Fermi age, effective neutron temperature, absorption cross sections and similar problems. Moreover, these lectures were intended to prepare the students for a subsequent lecture covering the physics of nuclear reactors. The original character of this series of lectures has been retained in the book. It is intended for use by students as well as anyone desiring to work on neutron physics measurements. The first half mainly covers the theory of neutron fields, i. e. essentially diffusion and slowing down theory. The second half is largely concerned with measurements in neutron fields. The appendix contains information and data which, in our experience, are frequently required in a neutron laboratory. The field of nuclear physics proper is briefly touched upon in the first two chapters, but only to the extent necessary for the understanding of the following chapters. The multitude of applications of neutron radiation has not been covered. The conclusion of this manuscript coincided with the end of my long period of activity with the Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik at Gottingen. To Professor HEISENBERG lowe thanks for his advice and suggestions for many of the subjects treated here.
Download or read book A Study of the Spectrum of the Neutrons of Low Energy from the Fission of U235 written by T. W. Bonner and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calculation of the Energy Spectrum of Fission Neutrons written by I. Nebenzahl and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics in nuclear energy written by International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. 2nd Geneva, 1958 and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Status of the Dosimetry for the Radiation Effects Research Foundation DS86 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-10-04 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee on Dosimetry for the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) was set up more than a decade ago at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy. It was charged with monitoring work and experimental results related to the Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86) used by RERF to reconstruct the radiation doses to the survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At the time it was established, DS86 was believed to be the best available dosimetric system for RERF, but questions have persisted about some features, especially the estimates of neutrons resulting from the Hiroshima bomb. This book describes the current situation, the gamma-ray dosimetry, and such dosimetry issues as thermal-neutron discrepancies between measurement and calculation at various distances in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It recommends approaches to bring those issues to closure and sets the stage for the recently convened U.S. and Japan Working Groups that will develop a new dosimetry for RERF. The book outlines the changes relating to DS86 in the past 15 years, such as improved numbers that go into, and are part of, more sophisticated calculations for determining the radiations from bombs that reach certain distances in air, and encourages incorporation of the changes into a revised dosimetry system.
Download or read book Measurement of Neutron Flux and Spectra for Physical and Biological Applications written by National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is written by experts in the measurement of radioactivity. The book describes the broad scope of analytical methods available and instructs the reader on how to select the proper technique. It is intended as a practical manual for research which requires the accurate measurement of radioactivity at all levels, from the low levels encountered in the environment to the high levels measured in radioisotope research. This book contains sample preparation procedures, recommendations on steps to follow, necessary calculations, computer controlled analysis, and high sample throughput techniques. Each chapter includes practical techniques for application to nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, environmental analysis, weapons disarmament, and assays required for research in biomedicine and agriculture. The fundamentals of radioactivity properties, radionuclide decay, and methods of detection are included to provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures described in the book. Therefore, the Handbook can also be used as a teaching text. Includes sample preparation techniques for matrices such as soil, air, plant, water, animal tissue, and surface swipes Provides procedures and guidelines for the analysis of commonly encountered na
