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Book Biochemical Changes in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Thunberg 1795 During Larval Development and Metamorphosis

Download or read book Biochemical Changes in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Thunberg 1795 During Larval Development and Metamorphosis written by Bruce Robert Bartlett and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The energy strategies of early development of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were examined. Changes in proteins, total carbohydrates, free reducing sugars and total and neutral lipids were determined for the unfertilized egg and larval stages through 13 days post-settlement. During early larval stages neutral lipid levels decreased and provided the principle source of energy for development. Subsequently they remained unchanged throughout settlement and metamorphosis. Protein levels increased during larval stages and remained largely unchanged after settlement. Total carbohydrate levels were unchanged during larval development and through settlement and metamorphosis. Phospholipid values rose slightly during early larval stages and remained unchanged through settlement and metamorphosis. Starvation experiments confirmed the aforementioned findings that neutral lipid was an important source of energy during early larval life. Protein, however, contributed more energy than neutral lipid in late larval life. This study has shown that in C. gigas development, contrary to the European oyster Ostrea edulis, neutral lipid was not accumulated during larval feeding nor utilized during settlement and metamorphosis relative to other organic fractions.

Book Pathways of Energy Metabolism During the Early Phases of Anoxia in Isolated Ventricles of the Oyster C r a s s o s t r e a V i r g i n i c a

Download or read book Pathways of Energy Metabolism During the Early Phases of Anoxia in Isolated Ventricles of the Oyster C r a s s o s t r e a V i r g i n i c a written by Richard Alonzo Foreman and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Dissertation Abstracts International

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Molecular Physiology in Molluscs Volume II

Download or read book Molecular Physiology in Molluscs Volume II written by Xiaotong Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-12 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Spawning Mediated Responses of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas

Download or read book Spawning Mediated Responses of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas written by Yan Li and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2009-11 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oyster mortality in summer is a global concern for the aquaculture industry. This issue can be getting worse and worse with global warming. Yan investigated the synergetic effect of spawning, food supply, pathogen and temperature on oyster morality in the laboratory and field. The results demonstrate that energy depletion during spawning compromises the metabolic and health status of oysters, leading to a possible mortality in summer for post-spawning oysters. This research contributes to our understanding of the mechanism of oyster mass mortality, and the results can be applied to the management and development of oyster aquaculture in Australia and overseas.

Book The Effects of Ocean Acidification on Multiple Life History Stages of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas

Download or read book The Effects of Ocean Acidification on Multiple Life History Stages of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas written by Emma B. Timmins-Schiffman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As global climate change accelerates, due in large part to increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use, agriculture, and large-scale changes in land use, natural ecosystems bear the consequences. For marine systems these include increased mean seawater temperature, changes in carbonate chemistry equilibria, and increased pollutant loading due to non-point run-off, among other effects. Human-induced environmental changes will not have the same magnitude of effect in all regions, but on average the changes occurring are rapid and significant. Natural populations will either need to acclimatize and/or adapt, or shift their ranges to enable continued existence. This dissertation explores the effects of ocean acidification on the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Oysters are sedentary and inhabit a naturally variable environment (the intertidal zone) and thus may be pre-adapted to withstand rapid environmental change. Oysters and similarly sedentary organisms are ideal for investigating the effects of environmental change on biology because they are not able to escape these changes, but must respond physiologically (acclimatize) if they are to survive. Due to this ecological history, oysters provide a model that allows us to explore potential physiological mechanisms that are needed in a response to specific environmental changes as well as the limits of these mechanisms. In the first chapter, the effects of elevated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2, a major driver of ocean acidification) on oyster larvae are explored. Larvae were exposed to low pH during early development, a period that included the transition from energetic dependence on maternally derived lipids to dependence on exogenous resources. Larvae were found to experience a developmental delay at elevated pCO2, manifested as smaller size and slower rate of shell deposition. These significant effects of ocean acidification on early larval development may indicate a bottleneck in the oyster life cycle as the pH of marine waters decreases. Subsequent research has shown that these effects at early larval stages can carry over into later stages after settlement in another oyster species (Hettinger et al. 2012). In order to better understand the effects of environmental change on oyster physiology, we developed proteomic tools to explore changes in protein pathways in oyster gill (ctenidia) tissue. The second chapter explores the gill proteome (suite of expressed proteins) of adult oysters. Characterization of the proteome provides insight into the physiological mechanisms that may be available to the oyster during response to an environmental stress. The results revealed that the ctenidia proteome includes a diverse array of proteins that accomplish many functions and that it is a metabolically active tissue. The proteome sequencing lays the groundwork for exploring how ocean acidification affects various proteomic pathways in the tissue that acts as the interface between the oyster and its environment. Lastly, the adult oyster response to ocean acidification and a second stress are explored via proteomics, fatty acid profiles, glycogen content, shell microstructure, and mortality in response to heat shock. There was a significant impact of ocean acidification on oyster shell integrity, but no effects after one month of exposure on relative amounts of fatty acid, glycogen or response to acute heat shock. Through the proteomic analysis, we revealed an active and significant proteomic response to ocean acidification exposure, uncovering some of the mechanisms behind the observed macro-phenotypic changes. Additionally, the proteomic response to mechanical stimulation was largely altered between low and high pCO2, suggesting that ocean acidification can fundamentally change how oysters respond to a second stress.

Book The Effects of Temperature and Food Availability on Energy Partitioning and Growth in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Thunberg

Download or read book The Effects of Temperature and Food Availability on Energy Partitioning and Growth in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Thunberg written by Robert E. Malouf and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Insights from Stable Isotope Dynamics Into the Sensitivity of Larval Pacific Oysters to Ocean Acidification

Download or read book Insights from Stable Isotope Dynamics Into the Sensitivity of Larval Pacific Oysters to Ocean Acidification written by Elizabeth Lev Brunner and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Larvae of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, at Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery (WCH) in Netarts Bay, Oregon, are negatively impacted by high-CO2 water and exposure during the initial shell formation period appears to be particularly damaging. To investigate the mechanism of this early susceptibility, several cohorts of larvae at WCH were monitored for stable isotope incorporation and biochemical composition: one in May 2011 and two in August 2011. The observations presented here focus on the isotopic shifts associated with initiation and rate of feeding, and the catabolism of C-rich (lipid) and N-rich (protein) pools. Persistent ontological patterns in bulk composition among the cohorts suggest that the creation of the initial shell is energetically expensive, and that the major energetic source during this period is maternally-derived egg lipids. The May cohort did not isotopically reflect their food source as rapidly as the August cohorts, indicating slower feeding, higher metabolic demand or lower maternal energy investments. All cohorts turned over organic carbon faster than organic nitrogen. Shell carbon isotopes of all cohorts show a decreasing dependence on ambient dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) carbon with time and subtle differences in this trend between the May and August cohorts are explored. Patterns in shell [delta]13C suggest greater exposure to ambient conditions during initial shell development, which could be an important process linking ambient carbonate chemistry and larval susceptibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are used to document the initial shell formation. Kinetic isotope fractionation, dissolved organic matter (DOM) utilization, and the dissolvability of shell microstructures are also briefly considered in the context of larval susceptibility.

Book Effects of Ocean Acidification on Early Developmental Stages of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas in an Aquaculture Setting

Download or read book Effects of Ocean Acidification on Early Developmental Stages of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas in an Aquaculture Setting written by Manon Picard and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Influence of the Trophic Environment and Metabolism on the Dynamics of Stable Isotopes in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas

Download or read book Influence of the Trophic Environment and Metabolism on the Dynamics of Stable Isotopes in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas written by Antoine Marie Emmery and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Fitness of Marine Calcifiers in the Future Acidifying Ocean

Download or read book Fitness of Marine Calcifiers in the Future Acidifying Ocean written by Jonathan Y. S. Leung and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: