Download or read book Energy Efficient Domain Specific Architectures written by Anish Nallamur Krishnakumar and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The saturation of Moore's Law has stalled the improvement in performance and energy efficiency obtained with conventional homogeneous processors over technology nodes. Homogeneous processors cannot cater to the contrasting performance and energy requirements of different applications, leading to the rise of heterogeneous computing architectures. While heterogeneous processors provide programming flexibility, there is still a steep performance and energy-efficiency gap compared to special-purpose solutions. However, combining all kinds of processing elements in a single chip leads to a severe penalty in design cost, chip area, and poor utilization at runtime. To address all the above challenges, domain-specific architectures (DSAs) judiciously combine processing elements such as general-purpose cores, special-purpose cores, and hardware accelerators to maximize the energy efficiency of domain applications and provide programming flexibility. The major challenge in DSAs is to optimally utilize the diverse processing elements at runtime to exploit their potential. Mapping tasks to the processing elements (task scheduling) and controlling their voltage and frequencies are critical aspects of resource management. To this end, we pose task scheduling as a classification problem and propose a novel offline imitation learning framework and decision tree (DT) classifiers. Our imitation learning-based scheduling policy achieves performance that is within 1% of an Oracle for multiple optimization objectives and SoC configurations. The offline-trained scheduling policies become ineffective when new applications or processing clusters are introduced in the workload; hence, they must be updated online. DTs pose an additional challenge in online training since they use the entire dataset. To address this challenge, we propose an incremental and online lightweight training framework for DTs that achieves a performance within 5% of a baseline DT by storing only 1-8% of the original dataset. To support the rapid exploration and evaluation of resource management algorithms, we developed a high-level discrete-event full-system simulation framework that models the processing elements, scheduling pipeline, and other components of the system. We also developed an FPGA-based prototyping and emulation framework to enable functional validation and early software development. This dissertation addresses critical challenges in DSA runtime resource management and evaluation frameworks that accelerate their design and development for mainstream adoption.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Communication Processors written by Robert Fasthuber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a new design approach for energy-efficient, Domain-Specific Instruction set Processor (DSIP) architectures for the wireless baseband domain. The innovative techniques presented enable co-design of algorithms, architectures and technology, for efficient implementation of the most advanced technologies. To demonstrate the feasibility of the author’s design approach, case studies are included for crucial functionality of advanced wireless systems with increased computational performance, flexibility and reusability. Designers using this approach will benefit from reduced development/product costs and greater scalability to future process technology nodes.

Download or read book The Feasibility of Domain Specific Compilation for Spatially Programmable Architectures written by Curtis Mackay and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated circuits must be energy efficient. This efficiency affects all aspects of chip design, from the battery life of embedded devices to thermal heating on high performance servers. As technology scaling slows, future generations of transistors will lack the energy efficiency gains as it has had in previous generations. Therefore, other sources of energy efficiency will be much more important. Many computations have the potential to be executed for extreme energy efficiency but are not instigated because the platforms they run on are not optimized for efficient execution. ASICs improve energy efficiency by reducing flexibility and leveraging the properties of a specific computation. However, ASICs are fixed in function and therefore have incredible opportunity cost. FPGAs offer a reconfigurable solution but are 25x less energy efficient than ASIC implementation. Spatially programmable architectures (SPAs) are similar in design and structure to ASICs and FPGAs but are able bridge the ASIC-FPGA energy efficiency gap by trading flexibility for efficiency. However, SPAs are difficult to program because they do not share the same programming model as normal architectures that execute in time. This work addresses compiler challenges for coarse grained, locally interconnected SPA for domain efficiency (SPADE). A novel SPADE topology, called the wave pipeline, is introduced that is designed for the image signal processing domain that is both efficient and simple to compile to. A compiler for the wave pipeline is created that solves for maximum energy and area efficiency using low complexity, greedy methods. The wave pipeline topology and compiler allow for us to investigate and experiment with image signal processing applications to prove the feasibility of SPADE compilers.

Download or read book Domain Specific Computer Architectures for Emerging Applications written by Chao Wang and published by . This book was released on 2024-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With the end of Moore's Law, Domain-Specific Architectures (DSA) have become a crucial mode of implementing future computing architectures. This book discusses the system-level design methodology of DSAs and their applications, providing a unified design process that guarantees functionality, performance, energy efficiency and real-time responsiveness for the target application. DSAs often start from the domain-specific algorithms or applications, analyzing the characteristics of algorithmic applications such as computation, memory access, communication and proposing the heterogeneous accelerator architecture suitable for that particular application. This book places particular focus on accelerator hardware platforms and distributed systems for various novel applications such as machine learning, data mining, neural networks, graph algorithms, and also covers RISC-V open-source instruction sets. It briefly describes the system design methodology based on DSAs and presents the latest research results in academia around domain-specific acceleration architectures. Providing cutting-edge discussion of big data and artificial intelligence scenarios in contemporary industry and typical DSA applications, this book appeals to industry professionals as well as academicians researching the future of computing in these areas"--

Download or read book Ultra Low Energy Domain Specific Instruction Set Processors written by Francky Catthoor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-05 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern consumers carry many electronic devices, like a mobile phone, digital camera, GPS, PDA and an MP3 player. The functionality of each of these devices has gone through an important evolution over recent years, with a steep increase in both the number of features as in the quality of the services that they provide. However, providing the required compute power to support (an uncompromised combination of) all this functionality is highly non-trivial. Designing processors that meet the demanding requirements of future mobile devices requires the optimization of the embedded system in general and of the embedded processors in particular, as they should strike the correct balance between flexibility, energy efficiency and performance. In general, a designer will try to minimize the energy consumption (as far as needed) for a given performance, with a sufficient flexibility. However, achieving this goal is already complex when looking at the processor in isolation, but, in reality, the processor is a single component in a more complex system. In order to design such complex system successfully, critical decisions during the design of each individual component should take into account effect on the other parts, with a clear goal to move to a global Pareto optimum in the complete multi-dimensional exploration space. In the complex, global design of battery-operated embedded systems, the focus of Ultra-Low Energy Domain-Specific Instruction-Set Processors is on the energy-aware architecture exploration of domain-specific instruction-set processors and the co-optimization of the datapath architecture, foreground memory, and instruction memory organisation with a link to the required mapping techniques or compiler steps at the early stages of the design. By performing an extensive energy breakdown experiment for a complete embedded platform, both energy and performance bottlenecks have been identified, together with the important relations between the different components. Based on this knowledge, architecture extensions are proposed for all the bottlenecks.

Download or read book Domain Specific Computer Architectures for Emerging Applications written by Chao Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-04 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the end of Moore’s Law, domain-specific architecture (DSA) has become a crucial mode of implementing future computing architectures. This book discusses the system-level design methodology of DSAs and their applications, providing a unified design process that guarantees functionality, performance, energy efficiency, and real-time responsiveness for the target application. DSAs often start from domain-specific algorithms or applications, analyzing the characteristics of algorithmic applications, such as computation, memory access, and communication, and proposing the heterogeneous accelerator architecture suitable for that particular application. This book places particular focus on accelerator hardware platforms and distributed systems for various novel applications, such as machine learning, data mining, neural networks, and graph algorithms, and also covers RISC-V open-source instruction sets. It briefly describes the system design methodology based on DSAs and presents the latest research results in academia around domain-specific acceleration architectures. Providing cutting-edge discussion of big data and artificial intelligence scenarios in contemporary industry and typical DSA applications, this book appeals to industry professionals as well as academicians researching the future of computing in these areas.

Download or read book Energy Efficient High Performance Processors written by Jawad Haj-Yahya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores energy efficiency techniques for high-performance computing (HPC) systems using power-management methods. Adopting a step-by-step approach, it describes power-management flows, algorithms and mechanism that are employed in modern processors such as Intel Sandy Bridge, Haswell, Skylake and other architectures (e.g. ARM). Further, it includes practical examples and recent studies demonstrating how modem processors dynamically manage wide power ranges, from a few milliwatts in the lowest idle power state, to tens of watts in turbo state. Moreover, the book explains how thermal and power deliveries are managed in the context this huge power range. The book also discusses the different metrics for energy efficiency, presents several methods and applications of the power and energy estimation, and shows how by using innovative power estimation methods and new algorithms modern processors are able to optimize metrics such as power, energy, and performance. Different power estimation tools are presented, including tools that break down the power consumption of modern processors at sub-processor core/thread granularity. The book also investigates software, firmware and hardware coordination methods of reducing power consumption, for example a compiler-assisted power management method to overcome power excursions. Lastly, it examines firmware algorithms for dynamic cache resizing and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for memory sub-systems.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Hardware Software Co Synthesis Using Reconfigurable Hardware written by Jingzhao Ou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-10-14 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid energy estimation for energy efficient applications using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) remains a challenging research topic. Energy dissipation and efficiency have prevented the widespread use of FPGA devices in embedded systems, where energy efficiency is a key performance metric. Helping overcome these challenges, Energy Efficient

Download or read book Architecture Support for Customizable Domain specific Computing written by Chunyue Liu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the power-efficient high-performance architecture support for customizable domain-specific computing at both memory and communication levels in a customizable heterogeneous platform (CHP). In domain-specific computing, the memory access pattern can be obtained through offline analysis. With this knowledge, the cores and the accelerators in the CHP can use on-chip scratchpad memory (SPM) and buffers to directly manage the data replacement in order to save off-chip memory bandwidth. We propose efficient schemes to hybrid the SPM and primary caches, and to also hybrid buffers and the shared last-level cache (LLC). In the hybrid primary cache, due to its low associativity, the problem of balancing the cache set utilization when the SPM is allocated in the cache is critical. We propose an adaptive hybrid cache (AH-Cache) to dynamically remap SPM blocks from high-demand cache sets to low-demand cache sets. In the hybrid LLC (typically designed as a nonuniform cache architecture, NUCA), the problem of resource contention and fragmentation becomes crucial. We propose a buffer-in-NUCA (BiN) scheme to assign shared buffer spaces to accelerators that can best utilize the additional buffer space, and use flexible paged buffer allocation to limit the impact of buffer fragmentation. In domain-specific computing, the communication pattern can be also obtained through offline analysis. With this knowledge, the topology and routing scheme in the CHP communication subsystem can be customized to dynamically adapt to the known communication pattern. For the topology customization, we propose application-specific shortcuts and multicast realized by radio frequency interconnects (RF-I) overlaid network-on-chip (NoC). At runtime, we can flexibly allocate RF-I bandwidth to adapt the NoC topology to the known communication requirement of an application. For the routing customization, we propose an power-efficient application-specific cycle elimination and splitting (ACES) routing scheme to avoid restricting the critical routes of an application while achieving deadlock-free for irregular NoCs. To further demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of these techniques, we develop a FPGA prototype of the proposed CHP with shared accelerators and buffers. The buffer sharing is achieved through a cost-efficient partial-crossbar to reduce the sharing overhead on timing and area.

Download or read book High Energy Efficiency Neural Network Processor with Combined Digital and Computing in Memory Architecture written by Jinshan Yue and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Architecture Exploration for Embedded Processors with LISA written by Andreas Hoffmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today more than 90% of all programmable processors are employed in embedded systems. The LISA processor design platform presented in this book addresses recent design challenges and results in highly satisfactory solutions, covering all major high-level phases of embedded processor design.

Download or read book Blocks Towards Energy efficient Coarse grained Reconfigurable Architectures written by Mark Wijtvliet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-08-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a new, coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA), called Blocks, and puts it in the context of computer architectures, and in particular of other CGRAs. The book starts with an extensive evaluation of historic and existing CGRAs and their strengths and weaknesses. This also leads to a better understanding and new definition of what distinguishes CGRAs from other architectural approaches. The authors introduce Blocks as unique due to its separate programmable control and data paths, allowing light-weight instruction decode units to be arbitrarily connected to one or more functional units (FUs) over a statically configured interconnect. The discussion includes an explanation of how to model architectures, resulting in an area and energy model for Blocks. The accuracy of this model is evaluated against fully implemented architectures, showing that although it is three orders of magnitude faster than synthesis the error margin is very acceptable. The book concludes with a case study on a real System-on-Chip, including a RISC architecture, the Blocks CGRA and peripherals.

Download or read book Domain Specific High Level Synthesis for Cryptographic Workloads written by Ayesha Khalid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an in-depth study of the design and challenges addressed by a high-level synthesis tool targeting a specific class of cryptographic kernels, i.e. symmetric key cryptography. With the aid of detailed case studies, it also discusses optimization strategies that cannot be automatically undertaken by CRYKET (Cryptographic kernels toolkit. The dynamic nature of cryptography, where newer cryptographic functions and attacks frequently surface, means that such a tool can help cryptographers expedite the very large scale integration (VLSI) design cycle by rapidly exploring various design alternatives before reaching an optimal design option. Features include flexibility in cryptographic processors to support emerging cryptanalytic schemes; area-efficient multinational designs supporting various cryptographic functions; and design scalability on modern graphics processing units (GPUs). These case studies serve as a guide to cryptographers exploring the design of efficient cryptographic implementations.

Download or read book Handbook of 3D Integration Volume 4 written by Paul D. Franzon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-06 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth volume of the landmark handbook focuses on the design, testing, and thermal management of 3D-integrated circuits, both from a technological and materials science perspective. Edited and authored by key contributors from top research institutions and high-tech companies, the first part of the book provides an overview of the latest developments in 3D chip design, including challenges and opportunities. The second part focuses on the test methods used to assess the quality and reliability of the 3D-integrated circuits, while the third and final part deals with thermal management and advanced cooling technologies and their integration.

Download or read book Sustainability in Digital Transformation Era Driving Innovative Growth written by Dr Rajeev Agrawal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-08-29 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few weeks, OpenAI has released ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer). ChatGPT emerges as a formidable chatbot, surpassing various iterations of the GPT model, and plays a transformative role in user interactions with AI systems. In the dynamic realm of AI technologies, influential applications like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, mir□ror the transformative consideration of the simplicity on multiple facets of our daily lives. This potent technology holds the potential for significant positive changes, particularly in healthcare where the introduction of GPT and chatbot models opens promising avenues for disease treatment and technological innovation.

Download or read book On Chip Training NPU Algorithm Architecture and SoC Design written by Donghyeon Han and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike most available sources that focus on deep neural network (DNN) inference, this book provides readers with a single-source reference on the needs, requirements, and challenges involved with on-device, DNN training semiconductor and SoC design. The authors include coverage of the trends and history surrounding the development of on-device DNN training, as well as on-device training semiconductors and SoC design examples to facilitate understanding.

Download or read book Software Engineering and Computer Systems Part I written by Jasni Mohamad Zain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Three-Volume-Set constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Software Engineering and Computer Systems, ICSECS 2011, held in Kuantan, Malaysia, in June 2011. The 190 revised full papers presented together with invited papers in the three volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on software engineering; network; bioinformatics and e-health; biometrics technologies; Web engineering; neural network; parallel and distributed; e-learning; ontology; image processing; information and data management; engineering; software security; graphics and multimedia; databases; algorithms; signal processing; software design/testing; e- technology; ad hoc networks; social networks; software process modeling; miscellaneous topics in software engineering and computer systems.