Download or read book Energy Efficient Computing with the Low Power Energy Aware Processing LEAP Architecture written by Dustin Hale McIntire and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, a broad range of ENS applications have appeared for large-scale systems, introducing new requirements leading to new embedded architectures, associated algorithms, and supporting software systems. These new requirements include the need for diverse and complex sensor systems that present demands for energy and computational resources as well as for broadband communication. To satisfy application demands while maintaining critical support for low energy operation, a new multiprocessor node hardware and software architecture, Low Power Energy Aware Processing (LEAP), has been developed. In this thesis we described the LEAP design approach, in which the system is able to adaptively select the most energy efficient hardware components matching an application's needs. The LEAP approach supports highly dynamic requirements in sensing fidelity, computational load, storage media, and network bandwidth. It focuses on episodic operation of each component and considers the energy dissipation for each platform task by integrating fine-grained energy dissipation monitoring and sophisticated power control scheduling for all subsystems, including sensors. In addition to LEAP's unique hardware capabilities, its software architecture has been designed to provide an easy to use power management interface, a robust, fault tolerant operating environment, and to enable remote upgrade of individual software components. Current research topics such as mobile computing and embedded networked sensing (ENS) have been addressing energy efficiency as a cornerstone necessity, due to their requirement for portability and long battery life times. This thesis discusses one such related project that, while currently directed toward ENS computing applications, is generally applicable to a wide ranging set of applications including both mobile and enterprise computing. While relevant to many applications, it is focuses on ENS environments necessitating high performance computing, networking, and storage systems while maintaining low average power operations.
Download or read book Energy Efficient High Performance Processors written by Jawad Haj-Yahya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores energy efficiency techniques for high-performance computing (HPC) systems using power-management methods. Adopting a step-by-step approach, it describes power-management flows, algorithms and mechanism that are employed in modern processors such as Intel Sandy Bridge, Haswell, Skylake and other architectures (e.g. ARM). Further, it includes practical examples and recent studies demonstrating how modem processors dynamically manage wide power ranges, from a few milliwatts in the lowest idle power state, to tens of watts in turbo state. Moreover, the book explains how thermal and power deliveries are managed in the context this huge power range. The book also discusses the different metrics for energy efficiency, presents several methods and applications of the power and energy estimation, and shows how by using innovative power estimation methods and new algorithms modern processors are able to optimize metrics such as power, energy, and performance. Different power estimation tools are presented, including tools that break down the power consumption of modern processors at sub-processor core/thread granularity. The book also investigates software, firmware and hardware coordination methods of reducing power consumption, for example a compiler-assisted power management method to overcome power excursions. Lastly, it examines firmware algorithms for dynamic cache resizing and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for memory sub-systems.
Download or read book Transactions on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers I written by Mike O'Boyle and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-07-21 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transactions on HiPEAC is a new journal which aims at the timely dissemination of research contributions in computer architecture and compilation methods for high-performance embedded computer systems. It publishes original research on systems targeted at specific computing tasks as well as systems with broad application bases. Its scope covers all aspects of computer architecture, code generation and compiler optimization methods.
Download or read book Programming Languages written by Fernando Castor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-17 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th Brazilian Symposium on Progamming Languages, SBLP 2016, held in Maringá, Brazil, in September 2016. The 12 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. They deal with fundamental principles and innovations in the design and implementation of programming languages and systems.
Download or read book Power Aware Computing written by Robert Graybill and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of portable and autonomous computing systems, power con sumption has emerged as a focal point in many research projects, commercial systems and DoD platforms. One current research initiative, which drew much attention to this area, is the Power Aware Computing and Communications (PAC/C) program sponsored by DARPA. Many of the chapters in this book include results from work that have been supported by the PACIC program. The performance of computer systems has been tremendously improving while the size and weight of such systems has been constantly shrinking. The capacities of batteries relative to their sizes and weights has been also improv ing but at a rate which is much slower than the rate of improvement in computer performance and the rate of shrinking in computer sizes. The relation between the power consumption of a computer system and it performance and size is a complex one which is very much dependent on the specific system and the technology used to build that system. We do not need a complex argument, however, to be convinced that energy and power, which is the rate of energy consumption, are becoming critical components in computer systems in gen eral, and portable and autonomous systems, in particular. Most of the early research on power consumption in computer systems ad dressed the issue of minimizing power in a given platform, which usually translates into minimizing energy consumption, and thus, longer battery life.
Download or read book Embedded Computer Systems Architectures Modeling and Simulation written by Stamatis Vassiliadis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-08-30 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers and professionals in the appropriate subject areas will find this book an essential update on where research has got to in what is, after all, a hugely important area. It constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Systems, Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, held in Samos, Greece, in July 2007. The 44 revised full papers presented together with 2 keynote talks were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 116 submissions
Download or read book Power Efficient Computer Architectures written by Magnus Själander and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Moore's Law and Dennard scaling trends have slowed, the challenges of building high-performance computer architectures while maintaining acceptable power efficiency levels have heightened. Over the past ten years, architecture techniques for power efficiency have shifted from primarily focusing on module-level efficiencies, toward more holistic design styles based on parallelism and heterogeneity. This work highlights and synthesizes recent techniques and trends in power-efficient computer architecture. Table of Contents: Introduction / Voltage and Frequency Management / Heterogeneity and Specialization / Communication and Memory Systems / Conclusions / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies
Download or read book Computer Architecture Techniques for Power efficiency written by Stefanos Kaxiras and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few years, power dissipation has become an important design constraint, on par with performance, in the design of new computer systems. Whereas in the past, the primary job of the computer architect was to translate improvements in operating frequency and transistor count into performance, now power efficiency must be taken into account at every step of the design process. While for some time, architects have been successful in delivering 40% to 50% annual improvement in processor performance, costs that were previously brushed aside eventually caught up. The most critical of these costs is the inexorable increase in power dissipation and power density in processors. Power dissipation issues have catalyzed new topic areas in computer architecture, resulting in a substantial body of work on more power-efficient architectures. Power dissipation coupled with diminishing performance gains, was also the main cause for the switch from single-core to multi-core architectures and a slowdown in frequency increase. This book aims to document some of the most important architectural techniques that were invented, proposed, and applied to reduce both dynamic power and static power dissipation in processors and memory hierarchies. A significant number of techniques have been proposed for a wide range of situations and this book synthesizes those techniques by focusing on their common characteristics.
Download or read book Wireless Sensor Networks written by Gian Pietro Picco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-24 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks, EWSN 2012, held in Trento, Italy, in Februar 2012. The 16 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 78 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on communication and security, system issues, reliability, localization and smart cameras, and hardware and sensing.
Download or read book Morphable Computer Architectures for Highly Energy Aware Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve a revolutionary reduction in overall power consumption, computing systems must be constructed out of both inherently low-power structures and power-aware or energy-aware hardware and software subsystems. Today's most prevalent practices involve simple frequency scaling and modes where subsystems are merely powered on or off as needed. The energy expended per computational event is not as adjustable, even when lower than peak performance is acceptable. This is true as we move towards memory intensive hierarchical systems (such as register files, caches, SRAM, DRAM, Flash memory) where placement of data within the hierarchy has as much effect on energy expenditures as lowering the logic power. As modern processing systems begin to incorporate bigger and more complex storage hierarchies, it becomes imperative to incorporate techniques for managing such storage hierarchies in a manner that reduces the energy dissipation in the system as a whole. Power Aware architectures will provide a wide dynamic range in adjustable performance/energy settings, run-time software to dynamically manage these settings against real-time constraints, compilation techniques, programmer hints and run-time systems to control these settings or gears . In essence, we need a system that morphs to meet the performance needs of the systems with the least amount of energy.
Download or read book Energy Harvesting for Autonomous Systems written by Stephen Beeby and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique resource provides a detailed understanding of the options for harvesting energy from localized, renewable sources to supply power to autonomous wireless systems. You are introduced to a variety of types of autonomous system and wireless networks and discover the capabilities of existing battery-based solutions, RF solutions, and fuel cells. The book focuses on the most promising harvesting techniques, including solar, kinetic, and thermal energy. You also learn the implications of the energy harvesting techniques on the design of the power management electronics in a system. This in-depth reference discusses each energy harvesting approach in detail, comparing and contrasting its potential in the field.
Download or read book Energy efficient Computing with Fine grained Many core Systems written by Bin Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past half century, Moore's Law has been the fundamental driver of high-performance computing. The continued CMOS technology scaling doubles the transistor density of VLSI systems and had provided a predictable 40% performance improvement of single-core processors for every 18 to 24 months. However, as Dennard Scaling ends, the era of scaling frequency and performance without increasing power density is over. Since 2005, the semiconductor industry shifted to multi-core and many-core processors in order to sustain the proportional scaling of performance along with transistor count increases. One of the critical challenges for many-core system design is to reduce the power dissipation and improve the energy efficiency of the chip. Researchers are eager to seek innovative low power architectures and techniques to relieve the ``dark silicon" problem and effectively convert transistors to performance. To demonstrate that many-core processors with network-on-chip interconnects is a promising architecture for high-performance energy-efficient computing, 16 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) engines are proposed on a fine-grained many-core system by exploring different granularities of data-level and task-level parallelism. The smallest design utilizes only six cores for offline key expansion and eight cores for online key expansion, while the largest requires 107 cores and 137 cores, respectively. In comparison with published AES cipher implementations on general purpose processors, the designs have has 3.5--15.6 times higher throughput per unit of chip area and 8.2--18.1 times higher energy efficiency. Moreover, the design shows 2.0 times higher throughput than the TI DSP C6201, and 3.3 times higher throughput per unit of chip area and 2.9 times higher energy efficiency than the GeForce 8800 GTX. Next, a scalable joint local and global dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) scheme is proposed to further improve the energy efficiency for many-core systems by monitoring on-line workload variations. The local algorithms selects the voltage and frequency pair for each individual core based on its FIFO occupancy and stall information, while the global algorithm tunes the global voltage supplies based on the workload of all active processors. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, a suite of benchmarks are tested on a many-core globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) platform. The experiment results show that the proposed approach can achieve near-optimal power saving under performance constraints. Different local algorithms are compared in terms of power saving, voltage switching frequency and response delay to workload variation. The impact of the number of voltage supplies and global voltage tuning resolution on the global algorithm is also investigated. To further improve the energy efficiency beyond traditional DVFS, core scaling is proposed by introducing an extra dimension beyond supply voltage and clock frequency scaling. This dissertation addresses the problem of minimizing the power dissipation of many-core systems under performance constraints by choosing an appropriate number of active cores and per-core voltage/frequency levels. A genetic algorithm based solution is proposed to solve the problem. Experiments with real applications show that (1) dynamically scaling the number of active cores can improve the energy efficiency by 5% to 42% compared with per-core DVFS for different performance requirements; (2) core scaling favors systems with more global voltage supplies and high-performance leaky process when the performance requirement is loose, while it favors systems with fewer global voltage supplies and low-power less-leaky process when the performance requirement is tight; (3) increasing the number of global voltage supplies or leakage ratio can reduce the optimal core count by 22% and 50%, respectively.
Download or read book Energy Systems Design for Low Power Computing written by Rathishchandra Ramachandra Gatti and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advancement in computing technologies, the need for power is also increasing. Approximately 3% of the total power consumption is spent by data centers and computing devices. This percentage will rise when more internet of things (IoT) devices are connected to the web. The handling of this data requires immense power. Energy Systems Design for Low-Power Computing disseminates the current research and the state-of-the-art technologies, topologies, standards, and techniques for the deployment of energy intelligence in edge computing, distributed computing, and centralized computing infrastructure. Covering topics such as electronic cooling, stochastic data analysis, and energy consumption, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for data center designers, VLSI designers, network developers, students and teachers of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.
Download or read book Energy aware Synchronization in Shared memory Multiprocessors written by Jian Li and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Efficient Computing Through Compiler Assisted Dynamic Specialization written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the failure of threshold voltage scaling, per-transistor switching power is not scaling down at the pace of Moore's Law, causing the power density to rise for each successive generation. Consequently, computer architects need to improve the energy efficiency of microarchitecture designs to sustain the traditional performance growth. Hardware specialization or using accelerators is a promising direction to improve the energy efficiency without sacrificing performance. However, it requires disruptive changes in hardware and software including the programming model, applications, and operating systems. Moreover, specialized accelerators cannot help with the general purpose computing. Going forward, we need a solution that avoids such disruptive changes and can accelerate or specialize even general purpose workloads. This thesis develops a hardware/software co-designed solution called Dynamically Specialized Execution, which uses compiler assisted dynamic specialization to improve the energy efficiency without radical changes to microarchitecture, the ISA or the programming model. This dissertation first develops a decoupled access/execute coarse-grain reconfigurable architecture called DySER: Dynamically Specialized Execution Resources, which achieves energy efficiency by creating specialized hardware at runtime for hot code regions. DySER exposes a well defined interface and execution model, which makes it easier to integrate DySER with an existing core microarchitecture. To address the challenges of compiling for a specialized accelerator, this thesis develops a novel compiler intermediate representation called the Access/Execute Program Dependence Graph (AEPDG), which accurately models DySER and captures the spatio-temporal aspects of its execution. This thesis shows that using this representation, we can implement a compiler that generates highly optimized code for a coarse-grain reconfigurable architecture without manual intervention for programs written in the traditional programming model. Detailed evaluation shows that automatic specialization of data parallel workloads with DySER provides a mean speedup of 3.8x with 60% energy reduction when compared to a 4-wide out-of-order processor. On irregular workloads, exemplified by SPECCPU, DySER provides on average speedup of 11% with 10% reduction in energy consumption. On a highly relevant application, database query processing, which has a mix of data parallel kernels and irregular kernels, DySER provides an 2.7x speedup over the 4-wide out-of-order processor.
Download or read book Handbook of Information Security Key Concepts Infrastructure Standards and Protocols written by Hossein Bidgoli and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-20 with total page 1122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Information Security is a definitive 3-volume handbook that offers coverage of both established and cutting-edge theories and developments on information and computer security. The text contains 180 articles from over 200 leading experts, providing the benchmark resource for information security, network security, information privacy, and information warfare.
Download or read book Design of Stochastic Computing Architectures Using Integrated Optics written by Hassnaa El-Derhalli and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximate computing (AC) is an emerging computing approach that allows to trade off design energy efficiency with computing accuracy. It targets error resilient applications, such as image processing, where energy consumption is of major concern. Stochastic computing (SC) is an approximate computing paradigm that leads to energy efficient and reduced hardware complexity designs. In this approach, data is represented as probabilities in bit streams format. The main drawback of this computing paradigm is the intrinsic serial processing of bit streams, which negatively impacts the processing time. Nanophotonics technology is characterized by high bandwidth and high signals propagation speed, which has the potential to support the electrical domain in computations to speed up the processing rate. The major issues in optical computing (OC) remain the large size of silicon photonics devices, which impact the design scalability. In this thesis, we propose, for the first time, an optical stochastic computing (OSC) approach, where we aim to design SC architectures using integrated optics. For this purpose, we propose a methodology that has libraries for optical processing and interfaces, e.g., bit stream generator. We design all-optical gates for the computation and develop transmission models for the architectures. The methodology allows for design space exploration of technological and system-level parameters to optimize design performance, i.e., energy efficiency, computing accuracy, and latency, for the targeted application. This exploration leads to multiple design options that satisfy different design requirements for the selected application. The optical processing libraries include designing a polynomial architecture that can execute any arbitrary single input function. We explore the design parameters by implementing a Gamma correction application for image processing. Results show a 4.5x increase in the errors, which leads to 47x energy saving and 16x faster processing speed. We propose a reconfigurable polynomial architecture to adapt design order at run-time. The design allows the execution of high order polynomial functions for better accuracy or multiple low order functions to increase throughput and energy efficiency. Finally, we propose the design of combinational filters. The purpose is to investigate the design of cascaded gates architectures using photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities. We use this device to design a Sobel edge detection filter for image processing. The resulting architecture shows 0.85nJ/pixel energy consumption and 51.2ns/pixel processing time. The optical interface libraries include designing different architectures of stochastic number generators (SNG) that are either electrical-optical or all-optical to generate the bit streams. We compare these SNGs in terms of computing accuracy and energy efficiency. The results show that all implementations can lead to the same level of computing accuracy. Moreover, using an all-optical SNG to design a fully optical 8-bit adder results in 98% reduction in hardware complexity and 70% energy saving compared to a conventional optical design.
