Download or read book Energy Costs Taxes and the Impact of Government Interventions on Investments written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This summary report presents the key results from the study on 'Energy costs, taxes and the impact of government interventions on investments in the energy sector' which brings together the findings of detailed task reports addressing: (1) the cost of energy (LCOE); (2) network costs; (3) external costs of energy; (4) energy taxes; (5) energy subsidies; and, (6) energy investments. This summary report also introduces three new synthesis analyses. The first analysis sums the results from (1)+(2)+(3) above to estimate a 'total cost of energy' per electricity technology. This shows that in the EU, wind energy, hydropower and nuclear power are the lowest cost technologies, whilst the fossil fuel technologies and biomass have the highest costs. The second analysis addresses energy taxes (4) and subsidies (5) and shows that subsidies to renewable energy are largely recovered through charges to consumers, and that tax revenues and their linked subsidies tend to move in tandem. The third analysis, compares the results of (3) and (4) to analyse the extent to which energy taxation compares to (internalises) the external costs identified in this work, it shows that for the EU27, consumption taxes for electricity are equivalent to around 50-60% of the external costs of electricity.
Download or read book Energy Investments written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching objective of this report is to analyse the impact of subsidies on investments in power generation, extraction, transport, and heating. The report gives a comprehensive overview of the evolution of energy investments across the economy and provides an analysis of how fossil fuel and renewable subsidies impacted the take-up of renewables in the EU and Non-EU G20 countries over 2008-2018. Section 2 presents the key trends in energy investments for the countries in scope with a special focus on fossil fuel extraction and power generation subsidies. Section 3 analyses the role of subsidies in the observed dynamics of investments. Section 3.1 describes the power sector analysis and shows how fossil fuel and renewable subsidies affected the take-up of different technologies using a bottom-up energy sector model, FTT: Power. Section 3.2 to 3.5 present sector case studies using descriptive and econometric analysis. The first case study explores how fossil fuel subsidies impacted extraction investments. The second case study focuses on the electrification of transport and investigates the effect of subsidies on electric vehicle sales. The last case study analysis the buildings heating sector and the impact of buildings energy efficiency subsidies on heat pump sales.
Download or read book External Costs written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report chapter identifies the external costs in the energy sector in power and heating and also make a first estimate of the externalities of energy consumption. The external costs are disaggregated by the environmental impact and are presented at technology and country level. Within the results the sensitivities of the external cost estimates are examined and the extent to which externality costs are internalised is also explored. This provides the most comprehensive analysis of the external costs of energy to date, building upon the previous version of this work published in 2014.
Download or read book Energy Taxes written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this task was to develop a detailed inventory and analysis of energy-related taxes, levies and other fiscal measures in European Union ('EU') Member States ('MS') and G20 countries. Tax data was collected from national sources (e.g., finance and energy ministries) and assembled into a database. Tax rates and revenues were analysed and benchmarked by sector and by product (fuel) across countries.
Download or read book Energy Subsidies written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aims of this task are to provide an analysis of the evolution of the energy subsidies in the EU27 since 2008 and a comparison with non-EU27 G20 countries. We have also provided a detailed inventory that will be used for methodological support to the EC in future reporting on energy subsidy accounting and Member States' policy measures addressing the phasing-out of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies. Chapter 2 analyses the evolution of energy subsidy amounts across several dimensions: their purposes, including the energy efficiency related subsidies, the energy carriers and sources, their categories and instruments, and the economic sectors. Chapter 3 provides a cross-country benchmarking with the EU27 and the G20 countries.
Download or read book Network Costs written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this report is to present electricity and gas network cost data split into three components (investments, operation & maintenance - O&M, and system service costs) for the EU27 Member States and non-EU G20 countries, for 2010, 2014 and 2018 (chapter 1). The report also provides a high-level analysis regarding the regulatory frameworks used for setting the allowed revenues of system operators for 2018 and discusses possible structural under- or over-recovery of network costs (chapter 1). Then, network cost allocation parameters to network users are assessed for the EU27 Member States for the three years of focus (chapter 1), and some specific cost allocation practices applied in non-EU27 countries are presented (chapter 0).
Download or read book Cost of Energy LCOE written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report estimates the costs of producing electricity and heat from different technologies using the methodology of levelised cost of electricity and heat (LCOE&LCOH). The scope of this report includes all EU27 and non-EU G20 countries (including the UK). The timespan covered is: 2008, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2018 for renewable energy sources and domestic energy systems; and 2008, 2013, and 2018 for non-domestic thermal energy sources and nuclear. For results reporting, we present graphs using a discount rate of 3% for domestic systems and of 7% for all other technologies (large scale renewables, nuclear and thermal). Furthermore, all values (unless otherwise indicated) are in € of 2018 (real values). Investment costs used for LCOE estimates were overnight capital costs that already take into consideration costs related to the construction period of the power plants. Furthermore, LCOE results represent costs from the power plant's commissioning date and costs related to its operational lifetime (operational and fuel costs, when pertinent for the technology).
Download or read book Energy Subsidy Reform written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy subsidies are aimed at protecting consumers, however, subsidies aggravate fiscal imbalances, crowd out priority public spending, and depress private investment, including in the energy sector. This book provides the most comprehensive estimates of energy subsidies currently available for 176 countries and an analysis of “how to do” energy subsidy reform, drawing on insights from 22 country case studies undertaken by the IMF staff and analyses carried out by other institutions.
Download or read book A Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies written by Walter Short and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies provides guidance on economic evaluation approaches, metrics, and levels of detail required, while offering a consistent basis on which analysts can perform analyses using standard assumptions and bases. It not only provides information on the primary economic measures used in economic analyses and the fundamentals of finance but also provides guidance focused on the special considerations required in the economic evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable energy systems.
Download or read book Fiscal Policies for Development and Climate Action written by Miria A. Pigato and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides actionable advice on how to design and implement fiscal policies for both development and climate action. Building on more than two decades of research in development and environmental economics, it argues that well-designed environmental tax reforms are especially valuable in developing countries, where they can reduce emissions, increase domestic revenues, and generate positive welfare effects such as cleaner water, safer roads, and improvements in human health. Moreover, these reforms need not harm competitiveness. New empirical evidence from Indonesia and Mexico suggests that under certain conditions, raising fuel prices can actually increase firm productivity. Finally, the report discusses the role of fiscal policy in strengthening resilience to climate change. It provides evidence that preventive public investments and measures to build fiscal buffers can help safeguard stability and growth in the face of rising climate risks. In this way, environmental tax reforms and climate risk-management strategies can lay the much-needed fiscal foundation for development and climate action.
Download or read book The Power of Renewables written by Chinese Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States and China are the world's top two energy consumers and, as of 2010, the two largest economies. Consequently, they have a decisive role to play in the world's clean energy future. Both countries are also motivated by related goals, namely diversified energy portfolios, job creation, energy security, and pollution reduction, making renewable energy development an important strategy with wide-ranging implications. Given the size of their energy markets, any substantial progress the two countries make in advancing use of renewable energy will provide global benefits, in terms of enhanced technological understanding, reduced costs through expanded deployment, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to conventional generation from fossil fuels. Within this context, the U.S. National Academies, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), reviewed renewable energy development and deployment in the two countries, to highlight prospects for collaboration across the research to deployment chain and to suggest strategies which would promote more rapid and economical attainment of renewable energy goals. Main findings and concerning renewable resource assessments, technology development, environmental impacts, market infrastructure, among others, are presented. Specific recommendations have been limited to those judged to be most likely to accelerate the pace of deployment, increase cost-competitiveness, or shape the future market for renewable energy. The recommendations presented here are also pragmatic and achievable.
Download or read book OECD Environmental Performance Reviews Poland 2015 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the third OECD review of Poland’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on forestry and biodiversity, as well as waste and materials management.
Download or read book Fiscal Regimes for Extractive Industries Design and Implementation written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Better designed and implemented fiscal regimes for oil, gas, and mining can make a substantial contribution to the revenue needs of many developing countries while ensuring an attractive return for investors, according to a new policy paper from the International Monetary Fund. Revenues from extractive industries (EIs) have major macroeconomic implications. The EIs account for over half of government revenues in many petroleum-rich countries, and for over 20 percent in mining countries. About one-third of IMF member countries find (or could find) resource revenues “macro-critical” – especially with large numbers of recent new discoveries and planned oil, gas, and mining developments. IMF policy advice and technical assistance in the field has massively expanded in recent years – driven by demand from member countries and supported by increased donor finance. The paper sets out the analytical framework underpinning, and key elements of, the country-specific advice given. Also available in Arabic: ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????: ??????? ???????? Also available in French: Régimes fiscaux des industries extractives: conception et application Also available in Spanish: Regímenes fiscales de las industrias extractivas: Diseño y aplicación
Download or read book The Distributional Implications of the Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Inflation written by Mr. Kangni R Kpodar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries.
Download or read book Electricity from Renewable Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A component in the America's Energy Future study, Electricity from Renewable Resources examines the technical potential for electric power generation with alternative sources such as wind, solar-photovoltaic, geothermal, solar-thermal, hydroelectric, and other renewable sources. The book focuses on those renewable sources that show the most promise for initial commercial deployment within 10 years and will lead to a substantial impact on the U.S. energy system. A quantitative characterization of technologies, this book lays out expectations of costs, performance, and impacts, as well as barriers and research and development needs. In addition to a principal focus on renewable energy technologies for power generation, the book addresses the challenges of incorporating such technologies into the power grid, as well as potential improvements in the national electricity grid that could enable better and more extensive utilization of wind, solar-thermal, solar photovoltaics, and other renewable technologies.
Download or read book Taxation and the Green Growth Challenge written by Alberto Comelli and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-08-14 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxation and the Green Growth Challenge addresses the pressing issue of how economic growth can be compatible with the fight against climate change, while protecting the environment as much as possible. The book shows how decision-makers must account for the legal value of the environment as being of benefit to future generations.
Download or read book Green Buildings and Renewable Energy written by Ali Sayigh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-30 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights selected papers presented during the bi-annual World Renewable Energy Network’s 2019 Med Green Forum. This international forum highlights the importance of growing renewable energy applications in two main sectors: Electricity Generation and Sustainable Building. The papers highlight the most current research and technological breakthroughs illustrating the viability of using renewable energy to satisfy energy needs. Coverage includes a broad range of renewable energy technologies and applications in all sectors – electricity production, heating and cooling, agricultural applications, water desalination, industrial applications, and transport. Presents leading-edge research in green building, sustainable architecture, and renewable energy; Covers a broad range of renewable energy technologies and applications in all sectors; Contains case studies and examples to enhance practical application of the technologies presented.
