Download or read book Energy Consumption Optimization of a Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis System written by Leili Abkar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean water and energy are two key concerns in today's world, and climate change is making both of these issues even of more significant importance. Desalination, a process that removes salt from saline water to produce fresh water, is a solution for the worsening water scarcity issues. Many different desalination technologies are available and applied around the world, including thermal-based technologies, which include multi-stage flash (MSF) and multiple effect distillation (MED), as well as membrane-based technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO) and also electrodialysis reversal (EDR). Reverse osmosis is the most commonly used membrane-based technology, capable of eliminating a wide range of contaminants to produce clean water. There are two different types of RO systems, Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) and Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO), which are applied based on the characteristics of the feedwater. In inland regions, groundwater, surface water, and river water are considered brackish water. In the state of New Mexico for instance, brackish water is the available feedwater source, and therefore BWRO is applied to provide fresh water. Due to a water shortage crisis in the Southwest USA, one of the major goals is to optimize the BWRO process to minimize energy consumption and simultaneously increase the water recovery rate. By increasing the recovery rate, a higher percentage of the feedwater is converted into fresh water; therefore, less feedwater is required to produce a given quantity of fresh water, conserving water resources. In this research, energy consumption optimization for BWRO systems has been investigated. The key control factors for minimizing BWRO energy consumption include feed flow rate, pressure, and temperature, as operating conditions, feed concentrations, and membrane type (representing membrane permeability). The effect of each of these control factors on energy consumption is evaluated, and presented. A full factorial design has been done with mixed level for different factors. In this research, pressure has six level in the range of 50-175 psi by the 25 psi step, Flow rate 3-6 LPM with the step of 1 LPM, temperature has two level of 30 and 40 centigrade, and salinity varies from 2,000, 2,500, 3,000 ppm to cover the middle range of brackish water. Each experiment has three replication. Using linear regression method makes it possible to determine relation between input variable (feed flowrate, salinity, pressure and temperature) and response variable (energy, recovery and specific energy consumption). The empirical model developed to predict the energy, recovery and specific energy consumption of the reverse osmosis system in the specified range and finding the sweet spot to run the system to produce the minimum energy cost for 1 cubic meter of water.
Download or read book Hybrid Inter stage Design of Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis to Improve Efficiency of Hydraulic Energy written by Masoud Aghajani and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water scarcity and shortage are becoming serious issues for many countries worldwide. These problems inspire new methods of water management and one of common approaches in resource management is increasing production and availability to prevent crisis. Water is not an exception and many sources are considered for this purpose. Water with high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) gradually gained attention of researchers, decision makers and investors. It is mainly thanks to the non-ending seawater source and also saline brackish and surface waters. Reverse Osmosis is the leading technology to desalinate the water and numerous advances have been carried out to more optimize this process. A lot of attention has paid to seawater reverse osmosis and modification and optimization of brackish water reverse osmosis has not been carried out comprehensively. Hybrid membrane inter-stage design (HID) was one of the most recent advancement in seawater reverse osmosis but no report or experimental study has been done on using this novel design for brackish water reverse osmosis. In this study HID design was compared with regular design of brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) through experimental work and data collection from a pilot scale reverse osmosis system. Collected data was analyzed through statistical procedures and multiple regression was also carried out on the data to develop predictive models of the system energy consumption. Those models were also used to compare these two different designs of BWRO for recovery rates. Results show that HID design significantly reduces the specific energy consumption of the BWRO system and also at constant energy consumption of the high pressure pump HID designed system can produce more permeate and gives higher recovery rate.
Download or read book Reverse Osmosis Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seawater Reverse Osmosis SWRO Desalination Energy consumption in plants advanced low energy technologies and future developments for improving energy efficiency written by Seungkwan Hong and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2023-05-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-energy consumption is a critical issue associated with seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination, although the SWRO has been regarded as one of the most energy-efficient processes for seawater desalination. This means that SWRO involves a larger amount of fossil fuel and other energy sources for water production, which imposes a negative impact on the environment such as greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, the high-energy consumption of SWRO should be addressed to minimize environmental impacts and to allow for sustainable exploitation of seawater. However, the recent trend of energy consumption in SWRO seems to have reached a saturation point, which is still higher than theoretical minimum energy. To find new and innovative strategies for lowering current energy consumption, a comprehensive understanding of energy use in SWRO plants from theoretical analysis to actual energy consumption in real SWRO plants is required. This book can provide readers with information about the current state of energy consumption in actual SWRO plants, the fundamental understanding of energy use of SWRO plants from theoretical point of view, and advanced technologies and processes that could be applied for future energy reduction. In addition, this book will offer a detailed methodology for analyzing energy issues in seawater desalination. Through this book, readers will obtain an insight into how to deal with and analyze the energy issues in SWRO desalination.
Download or read book Energy Optimization of Brackish Groundwater Reverse Osmosis Desalination written by John P. MacHarg and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emerging Contaminants Vol 2 written by Nadia Morin-Crini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging contaminants are chemical and biological agents for which there is growing concern about their potential health and environmental effects. The threat lies in the fact that the sources, fate and toxicology of most of these compounds have not yet been studied. Emerging contaminants, therefore, include a large number of both recently discovered and well-known compounds such as rare earth elements, viruses, bacteria, nanomaterials, microplastics, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, hormones, personal care products, cosmetics, pesticides, surfactants and industrial chemicals. Emerging contaminants have been found in many daily products, and some of them accumulate in the food chain. Correlations have been observed between aquatic pollution by emerging contaminants and discharges from wastewater treatment plants. Most actual remediation methods are not effective at removing emerging contaminants. This second volume presents comprehensive knowledge on emerging contaminants with a focus on remediation.
Download or read book Autonomous Control and Membrane Maintenance Optimization of Photovoltaic Reverse Osmosis Systems written by Aditya Sarvanand Bhujle and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The supply of clean water in remote and off-grid areas has been a major global challenge for humanity. Over 780 million people lack access to clean water [1]. However, a significant fraction of these people have access to undrinkable surface, brackish or sea water. A promising solution to this problem is to use photovoltaic powered reverse osmosis (PVRO) systems to purify this unsafe water to produce clean drinking water. However, high initial capital costs and a lack of commercial viability have prohibited these systems for commercial and daily use. For this approach to be feasible and reach large-scale commercial viability, PVRO systems need to be energy efficient and cost-competitive compared with reverse osmosis systems powered by conventional sources, such as diesel engines or electricity from the grid. The costs and energy consumption in a PVRO system can be significantly decreased by maximizing water production and minimizing the effects of membrane degradation to extend system life. The membrane degradation considered here is the fouling phenomenon in which suspended solids and dissolved substances collect on the surface and within the pores of the membrane thereby reducing its permeability This thesis describes an innovative approach to autonomously controlling and optimizing community scale PVRO systems by controlling membrane degradation due to fouling, using a self-optimizing condition based maintenance algorithm. Additionally, by exploiting the energy compliance of PVRO elements and actively controlling the individual components of the system, water production can be maximized. The compliance in a PVRO system has been found to significantly affect PVRO performance by reducing system efficiency and resulting in long startup delays in producing clean water. In this thesis, a controllable recovery ratio concept system has been presented. By actively controlling the PVRO system, an improvement of 47% over the existing performance of a fixed recovery ratio system has been shown in simulations. Use of condition based maintenance strategies show an improvement of over 10% in cumulative clean water production compared to scheduled quarterly maintenance and 58% over 1 year in cumulative clean water production compared to the case without any maintenance. This is interesting since typical community scale and point of use systems can be and are operated without periodic maintenance [2]. Combining the optimal power control and condition-based maintenance strategies, an improvement in water production of 85 % is shown for a July day in Boston over the MIT PVRO system. Finally, a self-optimizing condition based maintenance algorithm is proposed as the optimal solution to control membrane degradation due to fouling.
Download or read book Analysis and Optimization of a Reverse Osmosis Water Purification System written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reverse Osmosis Systems written by Syed Javaid Zaidi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse Osmosis Systems: Design, Optimization and Troubleshooting Guide describes in depth knowledge of designing and operating reverse osmosis (RO) systems for water desalination, and covers issues which will effect the probability for the long-standing success of the application. It also provides guidelines that will increase the performance of seawater RO desalination systems by avoiding errors in the design and operation and suggest corrective measures and troubleshooting of the problems encountered during RO operation. This book also provides guidelines for the best RO design and operational performance. In the introductory section, the book covers the history of RO along with the fundamentals, principles, transport models, and equations. Following sections cover the practical areas such as pretreatment processes, design parameters, design software programs (WAVE, IMSDesign, TORAYDS2, Lewaplus, ROAM Ver. 2.0, Winflows etc.), RO performance monitoring, normalization software programs (RODataXL and TorayTrak), troubleshooting as well as system engineering. Simplified methods to use the design software programs are also properly illustrated and the screenshots of the results, methods etc. are also given here along with a video tutorial.The final section of the book includes the frequently asked questions along with their answers. Moreover, various case studies carried out and recent developments related to RO system performance, membrane fouling, scaling, and degradation studies have been analyzed. The book also has several work out examples, which are detailed in a careful as well as simple manner that help the reader to understand and follow it properly. The information presented in some of the case studies are obtained from existing commercial RO desalination plants. These topics enable the book to become a perfect tool for engineers and plant operators/technicians, who are responsible for RO system design, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting. With the right system design, proper operation, and maintenance program, the RO system can offer high purity water for several years. - Provides guidelines for the optimum design and operational performance of reverse osmosis desalination plants - Presents step-by-step procedure to design reverse osmosis system with the latest design software programs along with a video tutorial - Analyzes some of the issues faced during the design and operation of the reverse osmosis desalination systems, suggest corrective measures and its troubleshooting - Discusses reverse osmosis desalination pretreatment processes, design parameters, system performance monitoring, and normalization software programs - Examines recent developments related to system performance, membrane fouling, and scaling studies - Presents case studies related to commercial reverse osmosis desalination plants - Perfect training guide for engineers and plant operators, who are responsible for reverse osmosis system design, operation and maintainance
Download or read book Systems Analysis and Optimization of Reverse Osmosis Processes written by Kansas State University. Institute for Systems Design and Optimization and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling and Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems written by Arzu Şencan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-05-11 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes solar energy, wind energy, hybrid systems, biofuels, energy management and efficiency, optimization of renewable energy systems and much more. Subsequently, the book presents the physical and technical principles of promising ways of utilizing renewable energies. The authors provide the important data and parameter sets for the major possibilities of renewable energies utilization which allow an economic and environmental assessment. Such an assessment enables us to judge the chances and limits of the multiple options utilizing renewable energy sources. It will provide useful insights in the modeling and optimization of different renewable systems. The primary target audience for the book includes students, researchers, and people working on renewable energy systems.
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process written by Mudhar Al-Obaidi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process provides a one-stop-shop for reverse osmosis (RO), outlining its scope and limitations for the removal of organic compounds from wastewater. This book covers the state-of-the-art on RO processes and describes ten RO process models of different features and complexities. It also covers the advanced model-based techniques for RO process operations, including various rigorous methods for process modelling, simulation, and optimization at the lowest energy cost, as well as advanced tools such as genetic algorithms for achieving the same. • Highlights different types of physico–chemical and biological wastewater treatment methods including hybrid systems • Provides an overview of membrane processes, focuses on different types of membrane processes for water treatment and explains characteristics of membrane modules • Introduces the importance and challenges of process modelling for simulation, design, and optimization and offers examples across various industries •Describes the concept of different types of genetic algorithms for process optimisation and provides the state-of-the art of the GA method in terms of its application in water desalination and wastewater treatment •Emphasizes economic aspects of RO processes for wastewater treatment With its focus on the challenges posed by an increasing demand for fresh water and the urgent need to recycle wastewater at minimum cost, this work is an invaluable resource for engineers and scientists working within the field of wastewater treatment.
Download or read book 30th European Symposium on Computer Aided Chemical Engineering written by Sauro Pierucci and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 2119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 30th European Symposium on Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Volume 47 contains the papers presented at the 30th European Symposium of Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) event held in Milan, Italy, May 24-27, 2020. It is a valuable resource for chemical engineers, chemical process engineers, researchers in industry and academia, students, and consultants for chemical industries. - Presents findings and discussions from the 30th European Symposium of Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) event - Offers a valuable resource for chemical engineers, chemical process engineers, researchers in industry and academia, students, and consultants for chemical industries
Download or read book Digital Computer Simulation and Optimization of a Reverse Osmosis System for Desalination of Brackish Water written by Gordon Blaine Hatfield and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reverse Osmosis Optimization written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This technology evaluation was prepared by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy's Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). The technology evaluation assesses techniques for optimizing reverse osmosis (RO) systems to increase RO system performance and water efficiency. This evaluation provides a general description of RO systems, the influence of RO systems on water use, and key areas where RO systems can be optimized to reduce water and energy consumption. The evaluation is intended to help facility managers at Federal sites understand the basic concepts of the RO process and system optimization options, enabling them to make informed decisions during the system design process for either new projects or recommissioning of existing equipment. This evaluation is focused on commercial-sized RO systems generally treating more than 80 gallons per hour.
Download or read book Process Optimization for an Integrated Reverse Osmosis pressure Retarded Osmosis Pilot scale System Operated on Humboldt Bay CA written by Galen O'Toole and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is an emerging osmotic power technology that could mitigate the major challenges faced by seawater reverse osmosis desalination (RO): brine disposal and high energy consumption. The primary focus of this paper is process optimization for a linked seawater reverse osmosis (RO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) water purification system. PRO generates power by using osmosis to “pump” water through a membrane from low pressure and low concentration to high pressure and high concentration (RO brine). This commercial-scale pilot effort explores process optimization for pressure retarded osmosis as an industrial process rather than theoretical or experimental process. To achieve this purpose, a linked seawater desalination and pressure-retarded osmosis system was built on Humboldt Bay, CA, with assistance from Cal Poly Humboldt, CA DWR, and the Humboldt Bay Harbor Commission. This study explored the lowest net specific energy consumption (SECnet) for producing freshwater from seawater in the first U.S. RO-PRO pilot-scale facility employing commercially-available components. The lowest SECnet was found by adjusting and testing six operating variables: RO yield rate, PRO operating pressure, PRO dilution rate, PRO feed solution flow rate, and PRO draw solution flow rate. Each variable was tested independently to narrow the range of optimal values. Findings conclude that energy losses in the RO-PRO system approximately equal the amount of potential energy that can be gained using PRO membranes available in 2017. Increasing membrane performance and optimizing module membrane spacers for PRO could significantly increase potential energy recovered by PRO in an RO-PRO system.
Download or read book Treatise on Water Science written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 2131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality and management are of great significance globally, as the demand for clean, potable water far exceeds the availability. Water science research brings together the natural and applied sciences, engineering, chemistry, law and policy, and economics, and the Treatise on Water Science seeks to unite these areas through contributions from a global team of author-experts. The 4-volume set examines topics in depth, with an emphasis on innovative research and technologies for those working in applied areas. Published in partnership with and endorsed by the International Water Association (IWA), demonstrating the authority of the content Editor-in-Chief Peter Wilderer, a Stockholm Water Prize recipient, has assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Topics related to water resource management, water quality and supply, and handling of wastewater are treated in depth
