Download or read book Energy and World Trade Organisation written by M. Lakshmi Narasaiah and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2006 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Energy and Sustainability, Energy, Population Growth and Energy, Turning on the Heat, Between Wish and Reality, Not Yet Fossil Fuel, The Marrakesh Declaration, What is the WTO?, The WTO is Born, New Agenda of the WTO, High World Trade Growth Vs. Output, Overview of WTO s First Year, Overview of WTO s First Two Years, WTO Has Delivered , The Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement and the Developing Countries, Defining the Singapore Message of WTO, WTO Negotiations on Basic Telecommunications, Developing Countries and the Uruguay Round, The WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism, The WTO and the Developing Countries, World s Trade The Next Challenge, International Trade with the Consumer s Money, Developing Countries After the Uruguay Round, The Uruguay Round, Africa to Gain More, Winners and Losers, Few Signs of Hope in Africa, Trading Towards Peace, The Uruguay Round and Agricultural Reform, WTO Agricultural Negotiations, Give Developing Countries A More Favourable Deal, Beyond the Uruguay Round, Trade and Labour Standards, The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, Opening Markets for Agriculture, The Future of Agricultural Trade.
Download or read book Regulation of Energy in International Trade Law written by Yulia Selivanova and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from the premise that a multilateral legal framework is the surest way to achieve predictability and transparency under conditions of increasing reliance on internationally traded energy, the essays gathered in this book treat the many complex interlocking issues raised by examining that desideratum in the light of current reality. Concentrating on the application of WTO agreements to energy trade – as well as energy-related issues addressed in the current WTO negotiations – the authors offer in-depth discussion and analysis of such issues as the following: the effectiveness of existing WTO agreements in addressing issues pertinent to energy trade how restrictive practices of energy endowed countries can be tackled under existing international trade rules; existing frameworks for investment in highly capital-intensive energy infrastructure projects;and conditions for access to pipelines and transmission grids; regulation of energy services; bioenergy development and trade; energy issues addressed in the WTO accession negotiations of energy endowed countries; international instruments of resolution of energy-related disputes.
Download or read book Energy Security and Green Energy written by Angelica Rutherford and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how the links between energy security and national and international law and policies on green energy pose challenges to a transition towards a green energy system. Based on empirical work carried out in two very different country case studies – Great Britain and Brazil – this book attempts to foster a better understanding of the role played by energy security in constructing and deconstructing green energy policy initiatives. The broad range of views raised in national contexts leads to legal disputes in international forums when attempts are made to address the issues of this energy security/green energy interplay. As such, building on the findings of the case studies, this book then analyses the interplay between energy security and green energy development in international trade law as encapsulated in the law of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Finally, the author proposes a way forward in creating the legal space in the law of the WTO for trade restrictive measures aimed at ensuring green energy security.
Download or read book Energy in International Trade Law written by Anna-Alexandra Marhold and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of energy regulation in international trade law against the backdrop of energy markets that have undergone radical change.
Download or read book Liberalizing Global Trade in Energy Services written by Peter C. Evans and published by American Enterprise Institute. This book was released on 2002 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Liberalizing Global Trade in Energy Services is one in a series of new AEI studies on negotiations to liberalize trade in services. Each study focuses on a particular service sector, identifies the major obstacles to liberalization in that area, and presents policy options for trade negotiators and interested private-sector participants."--Jacket.
Download or read book Renewable Energy Disputes in the World Trade Organization written by Rafael Leal-Arcas and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article analyzes renewable energy disputes in the World Trade Organization (WTO), explores the specific WTO norms that have been, and are likely to be, engaged by trade-distortive measures that WTO Members may seek to argue have been taken to promote renewables, and advocates implementing stronger governance of energy trade and provides an analysis of the WTO's treatment of renewable energy. It also discusses the impact of subsidies on different forms of energy and whether feed-in tariffs count as subsidies in the WTO context. Our conclusion is that the main obstacles to the scale-up and take-up of renewable energy are not normative/institutional per se. Rather, they are economic. The only systemic 'obstacle' that the WTO presents is its requirement that measures not be disguised mercantilism and that they be applied even-handedly. The WTO system, as it stands, could, and does, accommodate bona fide non-discriminatory measures that promote the scale-up and take-up of renewable energy. After all, we see that it tolerates conventional energy subsidies, which certainly are not predicated on the general exceptions to WTO rules or other dispensations, as these appear in the covered agreements. That said, while the system, as it stands, is considerably flexible towards externalities such as environmental protection objectives, further trade liberalization remains the system's principal objective.
Download or read book Explaining Energy Disputes at the World Trade Organization written by Timothy Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WTO and the broader international trade regime have seen an explosion of challenges to government support for renewable energy in the last seven years, while no country has brought a formal dispute challenging fossil fuel subsidies in the GATT/WTO's history. This pattern is puzzling because global fossil fuel subsidies dwarf global renewable energy subsidies. Moreover, it suggests that WTO rules may slow the transition to clean energy. Renewable energy technology must compete with highly subsidized fossil fuels, while trade disputes effectively restrict subsidization only for the former. Existing explanations for the absence of trade challenges to fossil fuels support policies have focused primarily on the lack of a mandate within the WTO. Major fossil fuel exporters have not historically been GATT/WTO members; WTO rules allegedly do not apply to energy or are inadequate to deal with the specifics of energy trade; or even if they do, nations have developed separate institutions, such as the IEA or the Energy Charter Treaty, to govern energy. This article argues that, although these explanations have some explanatory power, they cannot fully or satisfactorily account for the pattern of WTO energy disputes in light of the recent focus on some forms of energy in the WTO but not others. Instead, I hypothesize that the economic diversification of energy-producing countries plays a major role in driving challenges to renewable energy support policies, but not fossil fuel support policies. It does so in two ways. First, states challenging energy support policies expect to have greater success in changing the respondent's behavior when the respondent has diversified exports. Renewable energy technologies tend to be produced in countries with diversified economies, while fossil fuel reserves are located overwhelmingly in countries with little diversification in their exports. Second, under what I term the loss aversion hypothesis, states may be more likely to challenge new trade restrictions, rather than similar but long-standing trade restrictions. The loss-aversion hypothesis suggests that trade challenges will arise more in sectors of the economy in which innovation leads to competition, as opposed to in mature sectors of the economy. Economic diversification, in turn, is a good predictor of innovation. As applied to energy, economic diversification contributes to innovation and competition in the renewables sector - and hence triggers demand for new trade restrictions - but not the fossil fuel sector, even though trade restrictions have a long history in that sector as well.
Download or read book Energy Subsidies and the World Trade Organization written by Timothy Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent months the World Trade Organization (WTO) has seen increasing conflict over the rules for government support of the energy sector. Government subsidies for particular forms of energy have long influenced producers' investment choices and consumers' consumption patterns in ways that affect both international trade and the environment. Trade and environmental lawyers have thus closely watched the WTO's efforts to develop rules on government support for the energy sector. This essay outlines recent activity in the WTO on subsidies for both traditional fossil fuels and the renewable energy sector. It also discusses the difficulties posed by the increased application of WTO subsidies rules to renewable energy subsidies at a time in which fossil fuel subsidies programs continue to elude significant WTO scrutiny. This discrepancy - caused in part by WTO rules on subsidies and in part by energy politics in a number of countries that have shifted support for renewable energy subsidies to local governments less skilled in drafting WTO-compliant programs - threatens to undermine the WTO's ability to develop an environmentally-friendly jurisprudence on energy trade issues.
Download or read book The Law and Economics of a Sustainable Energy Trade Agreement written by Gary C. Hufbauer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the case for a Sustainable Energy Trade Agreement (SETA) and the move from fossil fuels to renewable energy.
Download or read book Trade and Environment Governance at the World Trade Organization Committee on Trade and Environment written by Manuel Teehankee and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the opinion of many, the most crucial issue confronting the world today lies in achieving a sustainable nexus among global trade, economic development, and the environment. This book, written by a prominent diplomat with extensive direct experience in this field, presents a much-needed critical perspective on the conflict of norms among the three policy regimes, focusing on the dilemma of reconciling approaches regarding harmonized global governance and a more diverse community-based approach. It is the first and only in-depth treatment to systematically study a series of deliberations in the World Trade Organization’s Committee on Trade and Environment (CTE), highlighting perspectives taken by both developed and developing economies. The book demonstrates that the CTE’s contributions to the evolving trade and environment policy framework have been, contrary to popular perception, both substantial and relevant. In his review of how the particular characteristics of twenty key work outputs of the CTE impact current practice in trade and environment policy discussions, the author discusses such key issues and topics as the following: a singular harmonized global governance framework versus the centrifugal force of community-based, localized or regional solutions that emphasize diversity and multifaceted institution building; drawbacks and continuing relevance of the CTE Work Agenda; issues related to carbon, intellectual property rights, and services; market access for environmental goods; requirements for environmental purposes relating to products, including standards and technical regulations, packaging, labeling, and recycling; and ways forward for combining global regimes with local solutions in an environmental context. Given the urgent need for making economic policies more coherent with sustainability and environmental goals, and for overcoming the ongoing stalemate between developed and developing countries on this matter, this book is sure to be warmly welcomed by policy makers and negotiators in the areas of both trade and environment, as well as by academics, theorists, and experts in the field of global governance interested in formulating practical approaches to trade and environment governance and minimizing potential policy conflicts.
Download or read book China and the WTO written by Petros C. Mavroidis and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-05 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "China's accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001 was hailed as the natural conclusion of a long march that started with the reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping in the 1970s. However, China's participation in the WTO since joining has been anything but smooth, and its self-proclaimed "socialist market economy" system has alienated many of its global trading partners - as recent tensions with the United States exemplify. Prevailing diplomatic attitudes tend to focus on two diametrically opposing approaches to dealing with the emerging problems: the first is to demand that China completely overhaul its economic regime; the second is to stay idle and accept that the WTO must accommodate different economic regimes, no matter how idiosyncratic and incompatible. In this book, Mavroidis and Sapir propose a third approach. They point out that, while the WTO (as well as its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade [GATT]) has previously managed the accession of socialist countries or of big trading nations, it has never before dealt with a country as large or as powerful as China. Therefore, in order to simultaneously uphold its core principles and accommodate China's unique geopolitical position, the authors argue that the WTO needs to translate some of its implicit legal understanding into explicit treaty language. Focusing on two core complaints - that Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) benefit from unfair trade advantages, and that domestic companies (both private as well as SOEs) impose forced technology transfer on foreign companies as a condition for accessing the Chinese market - they lay out their specific proposals for successful legislative amendment"--.
Download or read book Emerging Issues in Sustainable Development written by Mitsuo Matsushita and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to answer the questions: how do the rules of international treaties on trade and investment apply to the new laws and policies relating to energy-related trade, and do the rules of the multilateral system contribute to or detract from sustainable development? An emerging set of new problems in the law of international trade is how to reconcile the rules of the multilateral trading system with shortages of certain natural resources and the necessity to develop renewable energy resources. The chapters in this book provide a comprehensive analysis of the international trade issues presented by national trade laws and policies with regard to natural resources and energy. This book is about the extent to which we are interpreting existing rules to cover emerging problems and how the rules of the multilateral trading system can be adapted to achieve sustainable development in natural resources and energy. The book begins with a survey of selected national laws relating to recent restrictions on the export of natural resources, both resources used to produce energy as well as natural resources essential for industrial production. After examining the range of such laws in selected important countries, we turn to the application of the rules of the multilateral trading system to such export restrictions. We discuss the major rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as well as the natural resources rules in selected regional preferential free trade agreements. While there is not a comprehensive global legal regime on competition law, we believe it is also important to examine how selected national competition laws impact export restrictions on natural resources. This book will be a major contribution to the international dialogue on international economic law issues with respect to trade in natural resources and energy.
Download or read book Fit for Purpose Toward trade rules that support fossil fuel subsidy reform and the clean energy transition written by van Asselt, Harro and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2020-539/ Estimated at USD 478 billion in 2019, fossil fuel subsidies strain the public purse, contribute to climate change, slow the uptake of renewable energy, and lead to local air pollution and associated impacts on public health. Their reform could thus lead to a wide range of socioeconomic and environmental benefits. Despite its binding rules to regulate subsidies, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has so far failed to play any significant role in constraining government support to fossil fuels. Against this backdrop, this report explores whether WTO rules and practices are fit for purpose in addressing fossil fuels subsidies and supporting the clean energy transition, and how they could be reformed to more effectively contribute to these key objectives. It also offers practical recommendations for WTO members and other stakeholders interested in moving this agenda forward.
Download or read book Essentials of WTO Law written by Peter Van den Bossche and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-02 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when developments in WTO law have made this field increasingly complex, this concise and non-technical introduction provides a timely and carefully considered overview of the substantive rules and institutional arrangements of the WTO. A variety of text features enables a rich understanding of the law: illustrative examples clarify important issues of the law and demonstrate the law's practical application; boxed summaries of key rulings in WTO case law highlight the interpretation of the relevant provisions and lead readers to a deep understanding of the meaning and application of legal rules; and recommendations for further reading allow readers to engage with current debates. Online resources include links to useful sources of information for work and research within the field. Co-written by a leading authority in the field, this is essential reading for anyone who wants to get to grips with this fascinating yet challenging field of law.
Download or read book Energy Trade as a Special Sector in the WTO written by Rafael Leal-Arcas and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The law of the World Trade Organization (WTO) governs and regulates trade relationships among WTO members. Within the scope of the WTO, energy trade is one of the most significant trade sectors, as it constitutes the largest primary commodity of global trade in terms of volume and value. For decades, the energy trade sector has been treated as a special case because of the unique features attached to the energy sector in general and energy trade in particular. This special treatment should continue due to a combination of crucial factors: firstly, the uniqueness and importance of energy; secondly, the unprecedented challenges and concerns that confront global energy industries in general and energy trade in particular; and thirdly, certain legal debates and unresolved issues that emerge from the intersection between WTO law and energy trade. This article aims to examine the various factors that distinguish energy trade from other trade sectors, highlighting those significant factors and analyzing in depth their components.
Download or read book The World Trade Organization written by Steven Shrybman and published by James Lorimer & Company. This book was released on 2001-02-19 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acknowledgements Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Introduction Chapter 1:The Big Picture The WTO and International Trade The Institution The WTO and the Global Eco
Download or read book The World Trade Organization and Energy written by Anna-Alexandra Marhold and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WTO can no longer afford to neglect energy. While out of focus for many decades, the realization that the Organization needs a discourse on energy has finally sounded through to the WTO itself. During the first ever workshop on the issue at the WTO headquarters in Geneva, former Director-General Pascal Lamy emphasized the necessity of a dialogue on energy trade in the WTO.1 Questions pertaining to the legal aspects of energy trade in the WTO can be expected to emerge with increasing frequency. But is the WTO ready and capable of addressing these issues and provide clear answers? This ESIL Reflection will first briefly show that the GATT/WTO legal framework has in fact always - at least de jure - covered trade in energy. Then, it will discuss some of the major legal challenges that the regulation of energy trade poses to the WTO legal framework. It will also touch upon the relevance of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) for solving some of these problems.
