Download or read book Endogenous Inhibitors of Angiogenesis TSP1 and PEDF as Potential Targets for Treatment of Exudative AMD written by Mitra Farnoodian and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major causes of visual impairment in the elderly population worldwide. The increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as an essential factor in development and progression of AMD, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Intravitreal injection of VEGF antagonists is effective in delaying CNV and pathological progression of the disease. However, safety concerns are emerging regarding long term blockade of VEGF, and loss of ocular integrity due to multiple intravitreal injections and systemic complications. Thus, safe and effective new treatments are needed. Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) are major endogenous inhibitors of ocular angiogenesis which are deficient in vascular retinopathies including human AMD. Small peptides derived from their active fragments are potently anti-angiogenic in models of ocular diseases and tumors. Our preliminary results indicated that these peptides attenuate CNV in pre-clinical models of exudative AMD. Although the pathogenesis of AMD has been associated with retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) impairment and choroidal vascular dysfunction, the detailed mechanisms remain unresolved. Choroidal endothelial cells (ChEC) have a crucial role in maintaining the health of outer retina and photoreceptor function. RPE cells also play a key role in the development and stabilization of retinal structure, and maintenance of the ocular vascular hemostasis. They assist in the maintenance of the ocular angiogenic balance by production of positive and negative regulatory factors including VEGF, TSP1, and PEDF. The altered production of PEDF and TSP1, as endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis and inflammation, has been linked to pathogenesis of AMD and CNV. The molecular pathways affected by ChEC and RPE cells impairment leading to clinically relevant AMD changes need further investigation. These studies are hampered by the lack of availability of methods to readily culture ChEC and RPE cells from wild type and transgenic mice retina. In the present study, using our unique method for routine culturing of ChEC and RPE cells from wild type and transgenic mice, I examined, for the first time, the cell autonomous impact of PEDF and TSP1 on ChEC and RPE cell function. I proposed a novel approach to investigate the potential effect of TSP1 and PEDF expression on ChEC and RPE cell function and their contribution in AMD pathologies. In addition, I used small peptides mimicking the action of these endogenous inhibitors, TPS1 and PEDF, to investigate if they utilize similar mechanisms of action as the whole molecules on ChEC and RPE function. Replacing this inhibitory function should provide beneficial effects for ocular neovascular disease including AMD where the natural inhibitors level is low or absent. The results of these studies showed that the expression of PEDF and/ or TSP1 by ChEC and RPE cells has a crucial role not only in modulation of ocular vascular homeostasis but also have significant influence on their cellular function and their alteration may contribute to pathogenesis of AMD. Furthermore, PEDF and TSP1 mimetic peptides could be potential therapeutics for treatment of AMD.
Download or read book Endogenous Inhibitors of Angiogenesis TSP1 and PEDF as Potential Targets for Treatment of Exudative AMD written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major causes of visual impairment in the elderly population worldwide. The increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as an essential factor in development and progression of AMD, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Intravitreal injection of VEGF antagonists is effective in delaying CNV and pathological progression of the disease. However, safety concerns are emerging regarding long term blockade of VEGF, and loss of ocular integrity due to multiple intravitreal injections and systemic complications. Thus, safe and effective new treatments are needed. Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) are major endogenous inhibitors of ocular angiogenesis which are deficient in vascular retinopathies including human AMD. Small peptides derived from their active fragments are potently anti-angiogenic in models of ocular diseases and tumors. Our preliminary results indicated that these peptides attenuate CNV in pre-clinical models of exudative AMD. Although the pathogenesis of AMD has been associated with retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) impairment and choroidal vascular dysfunction, the detailed mechanisms remain unresolved. Choroidal endothelial cells (ChEC) have a crucial role in maintaining the health of outer retina and photoreceptor function. RPE cells also play a key role in the development and stabilization of retinal structure, and maintenance of the ocular vascular hemostasis. They assist in the maintenance of the ocular angiogenic balance by production of positive and negative regulatory factors including VEGF, TSP1, and PEDF. The altered production of PEDF and TSP1, as endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis and inflammation, has been linked to pathogenesis of AMD and CNV. The molecular pathways affected by ChEC and RPE cells impairment leading to clinically relevant AMD changes need further investigation. These studies are hampered by the lack of availability of methods to readily culture ChEC and RPE cells from wild type and transgenic mice retina. In the present study, using our unique method for routine culturing of ChEC and RPE cells from wild type and transgenic mice, I examined, for the first time, the cell autonomous impact of PEDF and TSP1 on ChEC and RPE cell function. I proposed a novel approach to investigate the potential effect of TSP1 and PEDF expression on ChEC and RPE cell function and their contribution in AMD pathologies. In addition, I used small peptides mimicking the action of these endogenous inhibitors, TPS1 and PEDF, to investigate if they utilize similar mechanisms of action as the whole molecules on ChEC and RPE function. Replacing this inhibitory function should provide beneficial effects for ocular neovascular disease including AMD where the natural inhibitors level is low or absent. The results of these studies showed that the expression of PEDF and/ or TSP1 by ChEC and RPE cells has a crucial role not only in modulation of ocular vascular homeostasis but also have significant influence on their cellular function and their alteration may contribute to pathogenesis of AMD. Furthermore, PEDF and TSP1 mimetic peptides could be potential therapeutics for treatment of AMD.
Download or read book Retinal and Choroidal Angiogenesis written by John Penn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-19 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, in-depth review of our current understanding of the growth of blood vessels within the eye. Novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ocular angiogenesis are discussed, as are the unique challenges presented by delivery of drugs to the eye. The book emphasizes basic principles rather than specific experimental results, although recently acquired data is frequently cited to illustrate points of broader theoretical significance.
Download or read book Targeted Drug Delivery Concepts and Design written by Padma V. Devarajan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative volume explores the fundamental concepts and numerous applications of targeted delivery of drugs to the body. This compilation has been divided into eight sections comprised of the basic principles of drug targeting, disease and organ/organelle-based targeting, passive and active targeting strategies, and various advanced drug delivery tools such as functionalized lipidic, polymeric and inorganic nanocarriers. Together, the twenty-three chapters cover a wide range of topics in the field, including tumor and hepatic targeting, polymer-drug conjugates, nanoemulsion, physical and biophysical characteristics of nanoparticles, and in vivo imaging techniques, among others. The book also examines advanced characterization techniques, regulatory hurdles and toxicity-related issues that are key features for successful commercialization of targeted drug delivery system products. Targeted Drug Delivery is a comprehensive reference guide for drug delivery researchers, both beginners and those already working in the field.
Download or read book Retinal Vascular Disease written by A.M. Joussen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-29 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vascular diseases of the retina are a major cause of blindness among all age groups. Edited and written by internationally well-known experts, this state-of-the-art comprehensive overview of basic and clinical science will enhance the understanding of retinal vascular disease and help in the evaluation of current and future treatment approaches for the clinician. The well-structured and highly illustrated text is divided into three easy-to-follow sections. This unique textbook-atlas also includes topics which are not currently found in other retinal disease textbooks, such as case reports and clinical follow-ups.
Download or read book Age related Macular Degeneration written by Emily Y. Chew and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), combining epidemiology and clinical diagnosis, with genetics and immunological aspects as well as the role of proteostasis and mitochondria before diving into new therapies including stem cell based approaches. AMD is a leading cause of largely incurable blindness worldwide and projected to double from 2.07 million to 5.44 million individuals by 2050 in the United States. Globally, 288 million individuals are projected to have AMD by 2040. The disease has enormous socioeconomic impact on the affected individuals, their families and the society. This book will bring together the state of the art basic science knowledge with clinically relevant findings and address the challenges for future research in AMD. The intersection of different disciplines will provide potential areas for further investigations to reduce the burden of blindness from AMD. This book offers an appealing and insightful resource for clinicians, scientists, students and fellows.
Download or read book Vascular Development written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of blood vessels is an essential aspect of embryogenesis in vertebrates. It is a central feature of numerous post-embryonic processes, including tissue and organ growth and regeneration. It is also part of the pathology of tumour formation and certain inflammatory conditions. In recent years, comprehension of the molecular genetics of blood vessel formation has progressed enormously and studies in vertebrate model systems, especially the mouse and the zebrafish, have identified a common set of molecules and processes that are conserved throughout vertebrate embryogenesis while, in addition, highlighting aspects that may differ between different animal groups. The discovery in the past decade of the crucial role of new blood vessel formation for the development of cancers has generated great interest in angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones), with its major implications for potential cancer-control strategies. In addition, there are numerous situations where therapeutic treatments either require or would be assisted by vasculogenesis (the de novo formation of blood vessels). In particular, post-stroke therapies could include treatments that stimulate neovascularization of the affected tissues. The development of such treatments, however, requires thoroughly understanding the developmental properties of endothelial cells and the basic biology of blood vessel formation. While there are many books on angiogenesis, this unique book focuses on exactly this basic biology and explores blood vessel formation in connection with tissue development in a range of animal models. It includes detailed discussions of relevant cell biology, genetics and embryogenesis of blood vessel formation and presents insights into the cross-talk between developing blood vessels and other tissues. With contributions from vascular biologists, cell biologists and developmental biologists, a comprehensive and highly interdisciplinary volume is the outcome.
Download or read book Tumour Angiogenesis written by R. John Bicknell and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumour Angiogenesis is the first comprehensive book to cover all areas of this rapidly expanding research area. Each chapter is written by world experts in the field and topics covered include in vivo models, mechanisms, inhibition, and the role of macrophages, cytokines, proteases,extracellular matrix components, nitric oxide, prostanoids and oncogenes/tumour suppressor genes in angiogenesis. Other chapters examine the role of specific growth factors in angiogenesis - these include vascular endothelial growth factor, the basic fibroblast growth factor family, transforminggrowth factor-beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase and pleiotrophin and related molecules. Clinical issues are addressed in chapters that deal with the prognostic and predictive value of tumour microvessel density and thetherapeutic significance of microregional blood flow. The two final chapters examine the feasibility of targeting tumour vasculature using either antibodies or gene therapy.
Download or read book Biochemistry of Collagens Laminins and Elastin written by Morten Karsdal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemistry of Collagens, Laminins, and Elastin: Structure, Function, and Biomarkers provides a comprehensive introduction to collagen and structural proteins. Type I collagen is one of the most abundant molecules in the body, playing essential roles in different tissues, particularly bone and skin. A key aspect of type I collagen is its post-translational modifications which are essential for correct synthesis and structural integrity of collagens, for tissue-specific functionality, as well as for application as biomarkers of different pathologies. This volume summarizes current data on key structural proteins (collagens, laminins and elastin), reviews how these molecules affect pathologies, and describes selected modifications of proteins that result in altered signaling properties of the original extracellular matrix component. Further, it discusses the novel concept that an increasing number of components of the ECM harbor cryptic signaling functions that may be viewed as endocrine functions. Additionally, it highlights how this knowledge can be exploited to modulate fibrotic disease. - Provides a comprehensive introduction to collagen and structural proteins - Provides insight into emerging analytical technologies that can detect biomarkers of extracellular matrix degradation - Includes a chapter dedicated to the biomarkers of structural proteins - Contains insights into the biochemical interactions and changes to structural composition of proteins in disease states
Download or read book Holland Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Download or read book Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Health and Disease written by Alexa Karina Klettner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a contemporary resource on one of the major players in retinal diseases – the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE). Throughout the book, the physiological and the pathological function of the RPE are covered on equal terms, to help readers to understand the RPE as a whole. Moreover, the development of RPE in diagnostics and therapy are covered, as well as some practical knowledge about RPE experimental models. Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Health and Disease highlights new findings of RPE research and includes the state-of-the-art knowledge of each RPE topic presented. This important feature sets this book apart from other publications, with the chapters following a design which leads from the general to the specific, to give a precise collection of the facts known. The chapters are written by well-known experts that are currently active in the field as consultants, basic scientists, and group leaders, providing expert guidance on the current aspects and future outlooks of this topic.
Download or read book Management of Infections in the Immunocompromised Host written by Brahm H. Segal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the concepts vital to a modern treatment of common and opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised host. Chapters are written by experts in the field, and include their views on gaps in the field and future directions of research. This book begins with an overview of the normally functioning immune system followed by a detailed discussion of the major primary immunodeficiencies. Specific chapters are dedicated to providing practical knowledge in the prevention and treatment of infections in specific immunocompromised patients, including those with cancer, transplant recipients, HIV infection, and autoimmune disorders. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic evaluation, antimicrobial selection that includes consideration of the threat of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and immunotherapy tailored to specific patients. Finally, dedicated chapters on stem cell transplantation for patients with primary immunodeficiencies, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, and gene therapy will provide readers with insight into these rapidly evolving and cutting edge therapies.Management of Infections in the Immunocompromised Host is a valuable resource for infectious diseases specialists, immunologists, oncologists, hematologists, general physicians, students, researchers, and all other working with immunocompromised patients.
Download or read book Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue written by Yihai Cao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis has recently played a critical role in regulation of adipose tissue expansion and regression. Like most other tissues in the body, adipose expansion and regression is accompanied by alteration of blood vessel density and structures. The vascular alteration plays an active role in regulation of adipose tissue size and functions. Targeting blood vessels in the adipose tissue have demonstrated to be a novel approach for possibly treatment of cancer, obesity and other metabolic diseases. This book provides the most updated information on this type research and discusses future opportunities for therapy..
Download or read book Atlas of Inherited Retinal Diseases written by Stephen H. Tsang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-21 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Atlas of Inherited Retinal Disorders provides a thorough overview of various inherited retinal dystrophies with emphasis on phenotype characteristics and how they relate to the most frequently encountered genes. It also meets the previously unmet needs of PhD students who will benefit from seeing the phenotypes of genes they work on and study. Further, because genetic-testing costs are quite high and spiraling higher, this Atlas will help geneticists familiarize themselves with the candidate gene approach to test patients’ genomes, enabling more cost-efficient testing. This invaluable atlas is organized into eight sections starting with an introduction to the basic knowledge on retinal imaging, followed by diseases listed according to inheritance pattern and disorders with extraocular manifestations grouped by defining features. This structure will be intuitive to clinicians and students studying inherited retinal disorders.
Download or read book Arteriogenesis written by Wolfgang Schaper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizes the research activities of Germany’s Nauheim Institute of the Max Planck Society and its group of investigators both past and present, in the field of collateral artery growth. Incorporates a multidisciplinary in vivo approach to the study of arteriogenesis that includes molecular approaches with classical physiology and immunohistochemistry. Full color throughout and well illustrated.
Download or read book Albert and Jakobiec s Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology written by Daniel M. Albert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 8007 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keeping up to date with advances in comprehensive ophthalmology and in the ophthalmic sub-specialties is extremely difficult because of the accelerating rapidity with which new information and technology become available and the diminishing time and opportunity for practitioners and trainees to read and learn. The first edition of Albert and Jakobiec’s Principles and Practice (1994) was conceived with the idea of utilizing an electronic, updated version in which the chapters were revised by the chapter authors on an annual or semi-annual basis, but the technology was not sufficiently advanced to achieve this goal. Subsequent editions (2000 and 2008) were organized by Saunders and the last published by Elsevier (of which Springer has obtained the complete rights to move forward with the 4th edition, see attachment). For nearly three decades, this text has provided its readers with authoritative and comprehensive coverage of clinical ophthalmology, written and edited by a group of authors who represented a “Who’s Who” in ophthalmology. By using Springer’s Meteor platform, with its ability to allow authors and editors access to updating their chapters online annually/semi-annually, and with the recruitment of select chapter authors, this work’s usefulness as the standard text in ophthalmology will be maintained and expanded upon by Springer. The 4th edition of this comprehensive and authoritative text is written by hundreds of the most distinguished authorities from around the world and edited by four leaders in the field, providing today's best answers to every question that arises in ophthalmology practice. Richly illustrated with thousands of high quality, full color, clinically-relevant images, Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology, 4th Edition covers every scientific and clinical principle in ophthalmology, ensuring that the reader will always be able to find the guidance needed to diagnose and manage patients' ocular problems and meet today's standards of care. Written for practicing ophthalmologists and trainees, this book delivers in-depth guidance on new diagnostic approaches, operative techniques, and treatment options, as well as coherent explanations of new scientific concept and its clinical importance. The 4th edition will prove to be the source every practicing clinician needs to efficiently and confidently overcome any clinical challenge they may face. Updates include new chapters on anterior and posterior segment diseases, as well as chapters more focused on treatment, plus thousands of new, high-quality, color images and illustrations, updated references, and information on the most cutting-edge technology used by clinicians in their practices today. Additionally, readers will enjoy the same, user-friendly, full-color design they remember from the previous edition, complete with many at-a-glance summary tables, algorithms, boxes, and diagrams that allow the reader to locate the assistance needed more rapidly than ever.
Download or read book Research Projects in Dry Eye Syndrome written by H. Brewitt and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dry eye is one of the most common disorders encountered in ophthalmological practice. Its symptoms cause considerable discomfort and substantially reduce the patient’s quality of life. As it is a complex and multifactorial condition, research investigating dry eye is a matter of great interest all over the world.In this book, the wide range of current basic and clinical research in dry eye and correlated ocular surface diseases is presented by scientists from Germany, Austria and the USA. These renowned authors provide clear and extensive descriptions of their projects, enabling scientists and clinical ophthalmologists to quickly bring themselves up to date with cutting edge research in this field.This overview of research into the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of dry eye is a must for all ophthalmologists dealing with this syndrome and looking to increase their knowledge base.
