Download or read book Endemic Cretinism written by John Dennison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-25 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to a renewed interest in the growing problem of iodine deficiency worldwide, Drs. Charles Oxnard and Peter Obendorf, along with experienced translator and anatomist John Dennison, take a fresh look at the classic text, Der endemische Kretinismus, published in 1936 by Springer. Translated here for the first time into English, this landmark text will be a welcome resource for researchers confronting the problem of iodine deficiency. Oxnard and Obendorf point out that there is very little detailed knowledge or numerical data on cretinism available in the English-speaking world. In addition, highly-renowned Professor Basil S. Hetzel, recently-retired World Health Organization Chairman of the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, published in 2009 with Dr Chen Zu-pei on the resurgence of iodine deficiency in China. Indeed, throughout the entire developing world there may be as many as two billion people at risk to iodine deficiency; perhaps three quarters of a billion have goiter, and ten million may be cretins. Even in developed countries, iodine deficiency is re-emerging (as in New South Wales in 19% of children) with the result of significantly reduced numbers of gifted children (though this is not cretinism per se). Certain to be of significant interest to a wide range of researchers, health providers and professionals, including government health administrators, this English translation of Endemic Cretinism is a major contribution to the literature.

Download or read book Iodine and the Brain written by G. Robert Delong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of a conference held at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda on March 21-23. 1988. jointly sponsored by the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) and the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health. Several themes converged to make this meeting timely. The first is an increasing awareness of iodine deficiency disorders as a world-wide problem of public health and a preventable cause of mental deficiency. and as a subject of scientific effort. Increased interest in these problems owes a great deal to accessibility to remote and under developed areas of the world where iodine deficiency persists. As with any subject. greater scrutiny yields unexpected complexity and interest. It is true that provision of iodine. typically as iodized salt, is the necessary and sufficient preventative for iodine deficiency disorders. without including endemic cretinism. This provision is a governmental, economic and social problem. Apart from this, however, the scientific and medical problem of iodine deficiency and its effect on brain development and function is one of great interest and importance for developmental neurology and psychology. Even though the specific preventative agent is known, we do not totally understand the neurobiological questions raised.

Download or read book Molecular Basis of Nutrition and Aging written by Marco Malavolta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Basis of Nutrition and Aging: A Volume in the Molecular Nutrition Series focuses on the nutritional issues associated with aging and the important metabolic consequences of diet, nutrition, and health. The book is subdivided into four parts that reflect the impact of nutrition from a biomolecular level to individual health. In Part One, chapters explore the general aspects of aging, aging phenotypes, and relevant aspects of nutrition related to the elderly and healthy aging. Part Two includes molecular and cellular targets of nutrition in aging, with chapters exploring lipid peroxidation, inflammaging, anabolic and catabolic signaling, epigenetics, DNA damage and repair, redox homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity, among others. Part Three looks at system-level and organ targets of nutrition in aging, including a variety of tissues, systems, and diseases, such as immune function, the cardiovascular system, the brain and dementia, muscle, bone, lung, and many others. Finally, Part Four focuses on the health effects of specific dietary compounds and dietary interventions in aging, including vitamin D, retinol, curcumin, folate, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, vitamin B, fish oil, vitamin E, resveratrol, polyphenols, vegetables, and fruit, as well as the current nutritional recommendations. - Offers updated information and a perspectives on important future developments to different professionals involved in the basic and clinical research on all major nutritional aspects of aging - Explores how nutritional factors are involved in the pathogenesis of aging across body systems - Investigates the molecular and genetic basis of aging and cellular senescence through the lens of the rapidly evolving field of molecular nutrition

Download or read book The Control of Endemic Goitre written by E. M. DeMaeyer and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine written by Victor R Preedy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 1335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over two billion people worldwide are at risk for the spectrum of disorders known as "The Iodine Deficiency Disorders." 1-10% will suffer cretinism; 5-30% will have some sort of brain damage or neurological impairment and 30-70% will be hypothyroid. The causes of iodine deficiencies can be considered from both simplistic and more complex perspectives: From the leaching of iodine from soil resulting in crops with low iodine content to malnutrition resulting in impaired iodine absorption. Poor dietary diversification and impoverished socio-economic development can also lead to iodine deficiencies. Although it is possible to diagnose and treat deficiencies, there is still an ongoing dialogue regarding the detailed molecular pathology of iodine homeostatis, how hypothyroidism impacts the body tissues, and efficient diagnosis and treatment of the Iodine Deficiency Disorders. This Handbook provides a resource of information on the various pathways and processes based on different countries or diseases. Because there is a constant flow of new information on iodine and related disorders, the goal of this Handbook is to provide a base of scientific information upon which additional knowledge can be applied. - Provides important information on one of the most common micro-nutrient deficiencies in the world, the most important "single nutrient-multiple consequences" paradigm today - Includes information on iodine-related diseases, including those that are common, preventable and treatable - Provides insight from a broad perspective of viewpoints -- from subcellular transports to economic impact

Download or read book Iodine Deficiency in Europe written by F. Delange and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The disorders induced by iodine deficiency affect at least one billion people. Because ofits effects on brain development, iodinedeficiency is the single most preventable cause of mental retardation in the world. Therefore, the United Nations and the Heads of State of almost all the world's countries represented at the Summit for Children in 1990 adopted resolutions to eradicate the disorders induced by iodine deficiency (IDD) by the year 2000. For geological and socio-economic reasons, most of the populations affected by iodine deficiency disorders live in isolated and usually mountainous areas, in pre industrialized parts ofthe world. The problem of iodine deficiency in Europe has been greatly underestimated in the last decades. After the remarkable studies on the effects of iodine deficiency and their prevention and correction in Switzerland, IDD was generally considered no longer a significant public health problem in Europe. However, surveys carried out in the early 1980's under the auspices of the European Thyroid Association, clearly demonstrated the persistence of moderately or even severely affected areas. These surveys also highlighted the lack ofinformation about large parts ofEurope, especially its eastern part. It is only quite recently, following major changes in international relations and thanks to the support of UNICEF, WHO, the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and the European Thyroid Association, that more extensive surveys have been conducted in several parts of Europe hitherto almost unexplored. These surveys showed that most European countries were iodine deficient.

Download or read book Clinical Management of Thyroid Disease E Book written by Fredric E. Wondisford and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-06-26 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Management of Thyroid Disease is an exciting new book edited by Fredric Wondisford, MD—developer of the revolutionary new drug, Thyrotropin—and Sally Radovick, MD, with contributions from experts in the field. It fulfills the niche of a succinct, clinical resource to help you translate research into practice. This full-color volume offers valuable information on thyroid cancer and non-cancerous lesions, the effect of drugs on thyroid function, genetic disorders, and more in an accessible, easy-to-read consistent format. Presents the expertise of authors and editorial staff comprised of leaders in the field of thyroid research and clinical management for the best-qualified guidance on diagnosis and treatment. Provides a full-color, comprehensive approach that makes valuable information easy to locate and quick to read. Covers relevant topics applicable to all levels of training and expertise to serve as a detailed clinical reference on everything from the basic to the sophisticated. Captures research advances on hot topics such as thyroid cancer and non-cancerous lesions, the effect of drugs on thyroid function, and genetic disorders so that you can incorporate them into the way you treat patients.

Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A Vitamin K Arsenic Boron Chromium Copper Iodine Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Silicon Vanadium and Zinc written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-07-19 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.

Download or read book Prevention of Micronutrient Deficiencies written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-03-24 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micronutrient malnutrition affects approximately 2 billion people worldwide. The adverse effects of micronutrient deficiencies are profound and include premature death, poor health, blindness, growth stunting, mental retardation, learning disabilities, and low work capacity. Preventing Micronutrient Deficiencies provides a conceptual framework based on past experience that will allow funders to tailor programs to existing regional/country capabilities and to incorporate within these programs the capacity to address multiple strategies (i.e., supplementation/fortification/food-based approaches/public health measures) and multiple micronutrient deficiencies. The book does not offer recommendations on how to alleviate specific micronutrient deficienciesâ€"such recommendations are already available through the publications of diverse organizations, including the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Micronutrient Initiative, World Bank, United Nations Childrens' Fund, and the World Health Organization. Instead, this volume examines key elements in the design and implementation of micronutrient interventions, including such issues as: The importance of iron, vitamin A, and iodine to health. Populations at risk for micronutrient deficiency. Options for successful interventions and their cost. The feasibility of involving societal sectors in the planning and implementation of interventions. Characteristics of successful interventions. The book also contains three in-depth background papers that address the prevention of deficiencies of iron, vitamin A, and iodine.

Download or read book Fluoride in Drinking Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.

Download or read book Thyroid Disorders written by Syed Khalid Imam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive knowledge about thyroid gland and highlights the recent trends in the management of thyroid dysfunctions. Thyroid disorders are amongst the most prevalent of medical conditions possibly after diabetes. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in adults in the general population ranges from 1 to 10 percent, and is even higher in selected groups. In the United Kingdom, 1–2% of the adult population is found to have thyroid dysfunction. It is interesting to note that thyroxin is the sixth most commonly dispensed drug in Scotland. Virtually all studies report higher prevalence rates for hypothyroidism in women and with advancing age. Abnormal thyroid functions have important public health consequences. Suppressed TSH levels have been associated with decreased bone density and with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation and premature atrial beat. It has been known for decades that overt hypothyroidism contributes to elevated serum cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk and recent studies suggest this may also be true with subclinical hypothyroidism​.

Download or read book 70 Years of Levothyroxine written by George J. Kahaly and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents the history, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levothyroxine, discussing its role in the thyroid pathophysiology of patients of various ages and during pregnancy. It also describes the influence of levothyroxine on heart, bone and in cancer. When it was first synthesized in 1949, levothyroxine represented a significant advance in the treatment of hypothyroidism, providing a safe and effective treatment option for millions of hypothyroid patients around the globe. This synthetic form of thyroxine is now one of the most prescribed drugs in the world. Levothyroxine was first introduced by Merck KGaA,Darmstadt, Germany, in 1972, and since then the company has remained actively engaged in research on this mainstay of hypothyroidism treatment. This book is intended for healthcare professionals.

Download or read book Aminoff s Neurology and General Medicine written by Michael J. Aminoff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-18 with total page 1393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aminoff's Neurology and General Medicine is the standard and classic reference providing comprehensive coverage of the relationship between neurologic practice and general medicine. As neurologists are asked to consult on general medical conditions, this reference provides an authoritative tool linking general medical conditions to specific neurologic issues and disorders. This is also a valuable tool for the general practitioner seeking to understand the neurologic aspects of their medical practice. Completely revised with new chapters covering metastatic disease, bladder disease, psychogenic disorders, dementia, and pre-operative and post-operative care of patients with neurologic disorders, this new edition will again be the go-to reference for both neurologists and general practitioners. - The standard authoritative reference detailing the relationship between neurology and general medicine - 100% revised and updated with several new chapters - Well illustrated, with most illustrations in full color

Download or read book General Surgery written by Kirby I. Bland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-12 with total page 2068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Surgery: Principles and International Practice is organized over two volumes into ten Sections, each representing an important branch of surgical science. Amply supported by line drawings and photographs, algorithms and anatomical depictions, it provides illustrative, instructive and comprehensive coverage depicting the rationale for the basic operative principles mandated by state-of-the-art surgical therapy.

Download or read book Thyroid Autoimmunity written by A. Pinchera and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1956, three groups independently reported evidence that some thyroid disease appearing spontaneously in humans or experimentally induced in animals are related to autoimmune processes. The interval between these landmark discoveries and the present has witnessed a remarkable and continuing growth of both knowledge and concepts concerning the mechanisms of immune regulation, the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases, and their clinical and laboratory manifestations. More importantly knowledge of thyroid autoimmunity has, in many respects, comprised the vanguard of an ever increasing appreciation and understanding of autoimmune diseases in general. On November 24-26 1986, an International Symposium on Thyroid Autoimmunity was held in Pisa. Its purpose was to commemorate the birth of thyroid autoimmunity as a scientific discipline, to summarize current knowledge and concepts in this area, and where possible, to anticipate areas of opportunity for the future - hence the theme of the Symposium, Memories and Perspectives. To open the meeting, the Magnifico Rettore (Chancellor) of the University of Pisa granted special Awards to Dr. Deborah Doniach, Dr. Ivan Roitt, and Dr. Noel R. Rose, who published the first fundamental studies in the field of thyroid autoimmunity, and to Dr. Duncan G. Adams, whose discovery of the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) opened the door to our current understanding of the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. During the meeting thirty plenary lectures were presented.

Download or read book Lifetime Nutritional Influences on Cognition Behaviour and Psychiatric Illness written by D Benton and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of nutrition on cognition and behaviour is a topic of increasing interest. Emerging evidence indicates that nutrition in early life can influence later mental performance and that diet in later life can reduce cognitive decline. Lifetime nutritional influences on cognition, behaviour and psychiatric illness reviews the latest research into the effects of nutrition on cognition and behaviour across the lifespan and on psychiatric illness.Part one investigates nutritional influences on brain development and cognition including the effects of early diet and the impact of key dietary consistuents including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and iron. Part two explores the link between diet, mood and cognition discussing carbohydrate consumption, mood and anti-social behaviour, hydration and mental performance and the neurocognitive effects of herbal extracts, among other topics. Part three examines nutritional influences on behavioural problems, psychiatric illness and cognitive decline, including the role of nutrition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, vitamin status and psychiatric disorders, antioxidants and dementia, and depression, suicide and fatty acids.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Lifetime nutritional influences on cognition, behaviour and psychiatric illness is a valuable reference tool for researchers working on the effects of diet on the brain in both academia and industry and may also appeal to dieticians and nutritionists. - Reviews the latest research into the effects of nutrition on cognition and behaviour across the lifespan and on psychiatric illness - Explores the link between diet, mood and cognition discussing carbohydrate consumption, mood and anti-social behaviour - Examines nutritional influences on behavioural problems, psychiatric illness and cognitive decline

Download or read book Goiter written by N.K. Agrawal and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thyroid gland is a commonly diseased endocrine organ of human body. The disorders affecting the thyroid gland are varied but are very much amenable to treatment. The enlargement of the thyroid is termed goiter. It can affect the whole gland or only part of it. The disease is perplexing but in-depth knowledge of the pathophysiology helps in elucidating causes and thereby treating the disease. In this book, the diffuse and nodular goiter has been addressed as well as the functional abnormalities of the gland and its implications on the body are discussed in various chapters. The relevant updated information is included. To address a few of these current issues and recent updated information, authors have put in a lot of effort to organize the book.