Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants Nassau Grouper Final Listing Determination on Proposal to List As Threatened Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation Noaa 2018 Edition written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Nassau Grouper - Final Listing Determination on Proposal to List as Threatened (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, NMFS, are publishing this final rule to implement our determination to list the Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA). We have completed a status review of the Nassau grouper in response to a petition submitted by WildEarth Guardians. After reviewing the best scientific and commercial data available, including the status review and comments received on the proposed rule, we have determined that the Nassau grouper meets the definition of a threatened species. While the species still occupies its historical range, overutilization through historical harvest has reduced the number of individuals which in turn has reduced the number and size of spawning aggregations. Although harvest of Nassau grouper has diminished due to management measures, the reduced number and size of spawning aggregations and the inadequacy of law enforcement continue to present extinction risk to Nassau grouper. Based on these considerations, described in more detail within this action, we conclude that the Nassau grouper is not currently in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range, but is likely to become so within the foreseeable future. We also solicit information that may be relevant to the designation of critical habitat for Nassau grouper, including information on physical or biological features essential to the species' conservation, areas containing these features, and potential impacts of a designation. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Nassau Grouper - Final Listing Determination on Proposal to List as Threatened (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species Final Listing Determination for Puget Sound Steelhead Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation Noaa 2018 Edition written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Final Listing Determination for Puget Sound Steelhead (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, NMFS, are issuing a final determination to list the distinct population segment (DPS) of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Puget Sound, Washington, as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We intend to issue final protective regulations and propose critical habitat for this DPS in separate rulemakings. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Final Listing Determination for Puget Sound Steelhead (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants Final Listing Determinations for Two Distinct Population Segments of Atlantic Sturgeon Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation Noaa 2018 Edition written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Final Listing Determinations for Two Distinct Population Segments of Atlantic Sturgeon (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, NMFS, issue a final determination to list the Carolina and South Atlantic distinct population segments (DPSs) of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended. We have reviewed the status of the species and conservation efforts being made to protect the species, considered public and peer review comments, and we have made our determination that the Carolina and South Atlantic DPSs are in danger of extinction throughout their ranges, and should be listed as endangered, based on the best available scientific and commercial data. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Final Listing Determinations for Two Distinct Population Segments of Atlantic Sturgeon (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants Banggai Cardinalfish and Harrisson s Dogfish Final Listing Determinations on Proposal to List Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation Noaa 2018 Edition written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-11 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Banggai Cardinalfish and Harrisson's Dogfish - Final Listing Determinations on Proposal To List (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 In response to a petition, we, NMFS, issue a final rule to list the Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We have also determined that the proposed listing of Harrisson's dogfish shark (Centrophorus harrissoni) as a threatened species is not warranted at this time. We will not designate critical habitat for Banggai cardinalfish because the geographical areas occupied by this species are entirely outside U.S. jurisdiction, and we have not identified any unoccupied areas within U.S. jurisdiction that are currently essential to the conservation of this species. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Banggai Cardinalfish and Harrisson's Dogfish - Final Listing Determinations on Proposal To List (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants Endangered Status for Largetooth Sawfish Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulatio written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-05 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Endangered Status for Largetooth Sawfish (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, NMFS, issue a final determination to list the largetooth sawfish (Pristis perotteti) as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended. We do not intend to propose to designate critical habitat for the species. We have reviewed the status of the species and conservation efforts being made to protect the species, considered public and peer review comments, and we have made our determination that the largetooth sawfish is in danger of extinction throughout its range, and should be listed as an endangered species, based on the best available scientific and commercial data. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Endangered Status for Largetooth Sawfish (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species Listing of Two Guitarfishes as Threatened Under Endangered Species ACT Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Listing of Two Guitarfishes as Threatened under Endangered Species Act (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, NMFS, issue a final rule to list two foreign marine guitarfish species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We considered comments submitted on the proposed listing rule and have determined that the blackchin guitarfish (Rhinobatos cemiculus) and common guitarfish (Rhinobatos rhinobatos) warrant listing as threatened species. We will not designate critical habitat for either of these species because the geographical areas occupied by these species are entirely outside U.S. jurisdiction, and we have not identified any unoccupied areas within U.S. jurisdiction that are currently essential to the conservation of either of these species. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Listing of Two Guitarfishes as Threatened under Endangered Species Act (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants Final Endangered Listing of Five Species of Sawfish Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation Noaa 2018 Edition written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Final Endangered Listing of Five Species of Sawfish (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, NMFS, issue this final rule implementing our determination that the narrow sawfish (Anoxypristis cuspidata), dwarf sawfish (Pristis clavata), largetooth sawfish (collectively Pristis pristis; formerly Pristis pristis, Pristis microdon, and Pristis perotteti), green sawfish (Pristis zijsron), and the non-U.S. distinct population segment (DPS) of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) are endangered species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended. We also include a change in the scientific name for largetooth sawfish in this final rule to codify the taxonomic reclassification of P. perotteti to P. pristis. We are not designating critical habitat because the geographical areas occupied by the species are entirely outside U.S. jurisdiction and we have not identified any unoccupied areas within U.S. jurisdiction that are essential to the conservation of any of the five species. We have reviewed the status of the five species of sawfish, considered public and peer review comments, and conservation efforts being made to protect all five species, and we have made our determination based on the best available scientific and commercial data that all five species of sawfish-the narrow sawfish (Anoxypristis cuspidata), dwarf sawfish (Pristis clavata), largetooth sawfish (collectively Pristis pristis; formerly Pristis pristis, Pristis microdon, and Pristis perotteti), green sawfish (Pristis zijsron), and the non-U.S. DPS of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata)-are at risk of extinction throughout all of their ranges and should be listed as endangered species. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Final Endangered Listing of Five Species of Sawfish (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species Final Listing Determinations for 10 Distinct Population Segments of West Coast Steelhead Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation Noaa 2018 Edition written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Final Listing Determinations for 10 Distinct Population Segments of West Coast Steelhead (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), are issuing final determinations to list 10 Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) of West Coast steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended. We are listing one steelhead DPS in California as endangered (the Southern California steelhead DPS), and nine steelhead DPSs in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho as threatened (the South-Central California Coast, Central California Coast, California Central Valley, Northern California, Lower Columbia River, Upper Willamette River, Middle Columbia River, Upper Columbia River, and Snake River Basin steelhead DPSs). All 10 of these DPSs were previously listed as threatened or endangered species. The Upper Columbia River steelhead DPS, formerly listed as an endangered species, is now being listed as threatened. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Final Listing Determinations for 10 Distinct Population Segments of West Coast Steelhead (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species Removal of the Puget Sound Georgia Basin Distinct Population Segment of Canary Rockfish Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation Noaa 2018 Edition written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-02 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Removal of the Puget Sound - Georgia Basin Distinct Population Segment of Canary Rockfish (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, NMFS, are issuing a final rule to remove the Puget Sound/Georgia Basin canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) Distinct Population Segment (DPS) from the Federal List of Threatened and Endangered Species and remove its critical habitat designation. We proposed these actions based on newly obtained samples and genetic analysis that demonstrates that the Puget Sound/Georgia Basin canary rockfish population does not meet the DPS criteria and therefore does not qualify for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Following public and peer review of the proposed rule and supporting scientific information, this final rule implements the changes to the listing and critical habitat for canary rockfish. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Removal of the Puget Sound - Georgia Basin Distinct Population Segment of Canary Rockfish (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species Designation of Nonessential Experimental Population for Middle Columbia River Steelhead Etc Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation Noaa 2018 Edition written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Designation of Nonessential Experimental Population for Middle Columbia River Steelhead, etc. (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), are issuing a final rule to authorize the continued release of Middle Columbia River (MCR) steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that are currently being reintroduced as part of an ongoing reintroduction effort into the upper Deschutes River basin in portions of Jefferson, Crook, and Deschutes Counties, Oregon, and designate them as a nonessential experimental population (NEP) under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. The geographic boundaries of the NEP extend upstream from Round Butte Dam on the Deschutes River (about river mile (RM) 110, river kilometer (rkm) 177) and all accessible reaches of the Deschutes River and its tributary Whychus Creek; on the Crooked River from its confluence with the Deschutes River upstream to Bowman Dam (RM 70, rkm 113) and all accessible tributaries between these points; and on the Metolius River from its confluence with the Deschutes River upstream to all accessible tributaries between these points. This NEP designation will have an expiration date 12 years from the effective date of this final rule. We anticipate providing a notice in the Federal Register about 1 year before the NEP designation is set to expire to provide adequate notice to the public. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Designation of Nonessential Experimental Population for Middle Columbia River Steelhead, etc. (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species Threatened Status for Beringia and Okhotsk Distinct Population Segments of Erignathus Barbatus Nauticus Subspecie Us National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation Noaa 2018 Edition written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-11 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Threatened Status for Beringia and Okhotsk Distinct Population Segments of Erignathus barbatus nauticus Subspecie (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, NMFS, issue a final determination to list the Beringia and Okhotsk distinct populations segments (DPSs) of the Erignathus barbatus nauticus subspecies of the bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We will propose to designate critical habitat for the Beringia DPS in a future rulemaking. To assist us with this effort, we solicit information that may be relevant to the designation of critical habitat for the Beringia DPS. In light of public comments and upon further review, we are withdrawing the proposed ESA section 4(d) protective regulations for the Beringia and Okhotsk DPSs because we have determined that such regulations are not necessary or advisable for the conservation of the Beringia and Okhotsk DPSs at this time. Given their current population sizes, the long-term nature of the primary threat to these DPSs (habitat alteration stemming from climate change), and the existing protections under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, it is unlikely that the proposed protective regulations would provide appreciable conservation benefits. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Threatened Status for Beringia and Okhotsk Distinct Population Segments of Erignathus barbatus nauticus Subspecie (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species Critical Habitat for the Endangered Distinct Population Segment of Smalltooth Sawfish Us National Oceanic and Atm written by The Law Library and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Critical Habitat for the Endangered Distinct Population Segment of Smalltooth Sawfish (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), issue a final rule to designate critical habitat for the U.S. distinct population segment (DPS) of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata), which was listed as endangered on April 1, 2003, under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The critical habitat consists of two units: the Charlotte Harbor Estuary Unit, which comprises approximately 221,459 acres of coastal habitat; and the Ten Thousand Islands/Everglades Unit (TTI/E), which comprises approximately 619,013 acres of coastal habitat. The two units are located along the southwestern coast of Florida between Charlotte Harbor and Florida Bay. This ebook contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Species - Critical Habitat for the Endangered Distinct Population Segment of Smalltooth Sawfish (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regulation) (NOAA) (2018 Edition) - A dynamic table of content linking to each section - A table of contents in introduction presenting a general overview of the structure

Download or read book Marine Recreational Fisheries written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CITES and the sea written by Pavitt, A., Malsch, K., King, E., Chevalier, A., Kachelriess, D., Vannuccini, S., Friedman, K. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish and fish products are amongst the most highly traded food items in the world today, with most of the world’s countries reporting some fish trade. This assessment of commercial trade in CITES-listed marine species occurs within a broader context of globalization and a more general rapid expansion of the international trade in fish and fish products. It summarizes ten years (2007–2016) of trade in a subset of commercially exploited marine taxa listed in CITES Appendix II. We examine both CITES trade data reporting processes (including information on the practical elements of reporting by CITES Parties) and analyse CITES trade records. The analysis shows how, for Appendix II CITES-listed marine species, the overall number of direct export transactions reported by CITES Parties has increased sevenfold during 1990–2016 and how trade for each CITES-listed marine species sub-group has changed through time. An assessment is made, with assistance from species and trade experts, on the strengths and challenges of collating and reporting on trade in CITES-listed marine species. Additional datasets of relevance to marine species trade are highlighted, and recommendations for further refining and improving CITES trade reporting for marine species are provided.

Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Gulf written by Bernhard Riegl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-13 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral Reefs of the Gulf: Adaptation to Climatic Extremes is a complete review and reference for scientists, engineers and students concerned with the geology, biology or engineering aspects of coral reefs in the Middle East. It provides for the first time a complete review of both the geology and biology of all extant coral areas in the Gulf, the water body between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. In summer, this area is the hottest sea with abundant coral growth on earth and already today exhibits a temperature that is predicted to occur across the topical ocean in 2100. Thus, by studying the Gulf today, much can be learned about tomorrow’s world and the capability of coral reefs to adapt to climatic extremes. This volume provides the most authoritative and up-to-date review of the coral reefs in the Gulf. It can be used as a volume of general reference or as a textbook treating recent coral reefs. Written by local and international experts, the text is richly illustrated and will remain a standard reference for the region for decades to come. Contributions stretch from climatology through geology, biology, ecological modelling and fisheries science to practical conservation aspects. The book is useful for the technical expert and casual reader alike.

Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants written by United States. National Marine Fisheries Service and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We, NMFS, have completed comprehensive status reviews under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) for seven foreign marine species in response to a petition to list those species. These seven species are the Eastern Taiwan Strait population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis), dusky sea snake (Aipysurus fuscus), Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni), Harrisson's dogfish (Centrophorus harrissoni), and the corals Cantharellus noumeae, Siderastrea glynni, and Tubastraea floreana. We have determined that the Eastern Taiwan Strait Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin is not a distinct population segment and therefore does not warrant listing. We have determined that, based on the best scientific and commercial data available, and after taking into account efforts being made to protect the species, Pterapogon kauderni, and Centrophorus harrissoni meet the definition of a threatened species; and Aipysurus 2 fuscus, Cantharellus noumeae, Siderastrea glynni, and Tubastraea floreana meet the definition of an endangered species. Therefore, we propose to list these six species under the ESA. We are not proposing to designate critical habitat for any of the species proposed for listing, because the geographical areas occupied by these species are entirely outside U.S. jurisdiction, and we have not identified any unoccupied areas that are currently essential to the conservation of any of these species. We are soliciting comments on our proposals to list the six species. We are also proposing related administrative changes to our lists of threatened and endangered species. DATES: Comments on our proposed rule to list eight species must be received by [insert date 60 days after date of publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER]. Public hearing requests must be made by [insert date 45 days after publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER]"--Summary.

Download or read book Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations Biology Research and Management written by Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-10 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reef fish spawning aggregations, ranging from small groups to many tens of thousands of individuals, are spectacular but poorly known natural phenomena whereby fish assemble at specific times and locations to spawn. For some species these large groups may be the only form of reproduction, the high fish numbers briefly giving a false impression of stability and abundance—an ‘illusion of plenty’. They are often a focus for intensive seasonal fishing because of their predictability and because many important commercial fishes form them. Highly vulnerable to overexploitation, many aggregations and their associated fisheries, have disappeared or are in decline. Few are effectively managed or incorporated into protected areas. Aggregations are not well understood by fishery scientists, managers and conservationists and their significance little appreciated by fishers or the wider public. To ensure their persistence to replenish important fisheries in coral ecosystems, maintain their ecosystem function and continue to delight divers, a significant change in perspective is needed to foster protection and management. This book provides comprehensive and practical coverage of the biology, study and management of reef fish aggregations, exploring their how, when, where, and why. It explores ways to better protect, study, manage and conserve them, while identifying key data gaps and questions. The text is extensively illustrated with many unique, never before published, photographs and graphics. Case studies on over 20 interesting and important fishes are included, outlining their biology and fisheries and highlighting major concerns and challenges.