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Book Chemical Separations with Liquid Membranes

Download or read book Chemical Separations with Liquid Membranes written by Richard A. Bartsch and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews a variety of liquid membrane configurations, transport mechanisms, and experimental techniques. Describes separations of metal ions, anionic species, organic molecules, and gas mixtures that involve liquid membrane processes. Provides coverage of theory, including mechanisms, carrier design and synthesis, and applications in chemical separations. Covers a broad range of separation processes, including carbon dioxide from nitrogen, unsaturated hydrocarbons, individual transition and heavy metal cations, selenium from contaminated waters, radiotoxic species from nuclear wastes, and sugars from aqueous solutions. Presents state-of-the-art information for both the novice and practitioner.

Book Extraction of Heavy Metals and Organic Acids Using Emulsion Liquid Membranes

Download or read book Extraction of Heavy Metals and Organic Acids Using Emulsion Liquid Membranes written by Chia-Chung Wang and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Solvent Extraction and Liquid Membranes

Download or read book Solvent Extraction and Liquid Membranes written by Manuel Aguilar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-04-07 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The applications of solvent extraction (SX) and liquid membranes (LM) span chemistry, metallurgy, hydrometallurgy, chemical/mineral processing, and waste treatment-making it difficult to find a single resource that encompasses fundamentals as well as advanced applications. Solvent Extraction and Liquid Membranes: Fundamentals and Applicat

Book Liquid Membranes

Download or read book Liquid Membranes written by Vladimir S Kislik and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-08-31 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Membranes: Principles and Applications in Chemical Separations and Wastewater Treatment discusses the principles and applications of the liquid membrane (LM) separation processes in organic and inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, biomedical engineering, gas separation, and wastewater treatment. It presents updated, useful, and systematized information on new LM separation technologies, along with new developments in the field. It provides an overview of LMs and LM processes, and it examines the mechanisms and kinetics of carrier-facilitated transport through LMs. It also discusses active transport, driven by oxidation-reduction, catalytic, and bioconversion reactions on the LM interfaces; modifications of supported LMs; bulk aqueous hybrid LM processes with water-soluble carriers; emulsion LMs and their applications; and progress in LM science and engineering. This book will be of value to students and young researchers who are new to separation science and technology, as well as to scientists and engineers involved in the research and development of separation technologies, LM separations, and membrane reactors. Provides comprehensive knowledge-based information on the principles and applications of a variety of liquid membrane separation processes Contains a critical analysis of new technologies published in the last 15 years

Book Feasibility of Surfactant Free Supported Emulsion Liquid Membrane Extraction

Download or read book Feasibility of Surfactant Free Supported Emulsion Liquid Membrane Extraction written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supported emulsion liquid membrane (SELM) is an effective means to conduct liquid-liquid extraction. SELM extraction is particularly attractive for separation tasks in the microgravity environment where density difference between the solvent and the internal phase of the emulsion is inconsequential and a stable dispersion can be maintained without surfactant. In this research, dispersed two-phase flow in SELM extraction is modeled using the Lagrangian method. The results show that SELM extraction process in the microgravity environment can be simulated on earth by matching the density of the solvent and the stripping phase. Feasibility of surfactant-free SELM (SFSELM) extraction is assessed by studying the coalescence behavior of the internal phase in the absence of the surfactant. Although the contacting area between the solvent and the internal phase in SFSELM extraction is significantly less than the area provided by regular emulsion due to drop coalescence, it is comparable to the area provided by a typical hollow-fiber membrane. Thus, the stripping process is highly unlikely to become the rate-limiting step in SFSELM extraction. SFSELM remains an effective way to achieve simultaneous extraction and stripping and is able to eliminate the equilibrium limitation in the typical solvent extraction processes. The SFSELM design is similar to the supported liquid membrane design in some aspects.Hu, Shih-Yao B. and Li, Jin and Wiencek, John M.Marshall Space Flight CenterEMULSIONS; MEMBRANES; SOLVENT EXTRACTION; PROPIONIC ACID; TWO PHASE FLOW; SURFACTANTS; LAGRANGIAN FUNCTION; MICROGRAVITY; SOLVENTS; COALESCING; FIBERS

Book Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process for the Extraction of Metals Using Bi functional Surfactant

Download or read book Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process for the Extraction of Metals Using Bi functional Surfactant written by Marimuthu Kathiresan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Copper and Nickel Extraction Using Emulsion Liquid Membranes

Download or read book Copper and Nickel Extraction Using Emulsion Liquid Membranes written by Hao Ma and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique is a modified technique that combines the traditional solvent extraction and stripping in a single unit operation. The characteristics of ELM include the large interfacial area and high selectivity when treating heavy metal ions. Through the study of applying ELM technique in extracting and stripping copper and nickel from single cation bearing solutions, this thesis targets at the extraction and separation of different metal ions including copper, nickel and calcium from a synthetic wastewater stream by using the minimum reagent and energy consumption. A two-stage mixer-settler was eventually built-up and implemented to test the extraction and separation efficiency of ELM.As for copper extraction, the extractant used was LIX 984N, four factors were screened out as important ones: extractant concentration; W/O/W emulsion stirring time; W/O/W emulsion stirring speed; and CuSO4 solution/emulsion volume ratio. The other factors were not important thus they were fixed at constant value. The optimum operating condition of copper extraction is determined to be: CuSO4 solution/primary emulsion volume ratio of 3.2; extractant concentration of 6.7 wt %; H2SO4 concentration of 4.6 mol/L; W/O/W emulsion stirring time of 24 minutes; and W/O/W emulsion stirring speed of 415 rpm (1 rpm = 1/60 Hz=[pi]/30 rad/s). As for nickel extraction, the extractant used was Cyanex 301, the optimum laboratory conditions were: extractant concentration of 7.2 wt %; stripping solution (H2SO4) concentration of 0.5 mol/L; NiSO4 solution pH of 4.5; and NiSO4 solution/emulsion volume ratio of 3.5. A series of comparison tests between ELM technique and traditional solvent extraction technique were performed and the following results were found: The loading capacity tests showed that emulsion phase had a higher nickel extraction capacity (8.128 g Ni (II)/100 g Cyanex 301) than the organic phase (5.240 g Ni (II)/100 g Cyanex 301). The kinetics tests showed that the emulsion phase and the organic phase had a mass transfer coefficient of 2.823 × 10-7 (m/s) and 3.192 × 10-7 (m/s) respectively. After the process optimization and chemical characteristics have been explored for ELM treating copper and nickel ions separately, the selective extraction and separation of copper and nickel from calcium ion in a synthetic wastewater solution mimicking the nickel mine tailings from Sudbury, Ontario was investigated. The solution had a copper concentration of 10 ppm, nickel concentration of 20 ppm; an averaged calcium concentration of 250 ppm and its pH was 4.0. Two stages were implemented. In the first stage, LIX 984N was used as copper extractant, the optimum operating conditions were: extractant concentration of 0.97 wt %, H2SO4 concentration of 0.5 mol/L, W/O/W emulsion stirring time of 22.5 minutes and synthetic solution/emulsion volume ratio of 4.0. The copper removal rate was 96.7% while nickel and calcium removal rate was only 0.9 % and 1.3%; In the second stage, a mixture of LIX 984N and Cyanex 301 at a volume ratio of 1 to 1 was used as extractant, and the optimum operating conditions were: extractant concentration of 6.7 wt %, H2SO4 concentration of 5.7 mol/L, W/O/W emulsion stirring time of 25 minutes and synthetic solution/emulsion volume ratio of 3.5. The nickel removal rate was 99.0% while the calcium removal rate was 0.55%. A two-stage bench-scale mixer-settler proved the process of using ELM to extract and separate these metal ions was successful under these optimum conditions obtained." --

Book Development and Optimization of Novel Emulsion Liquid Membranes Stabilized by Non newtonian Conversion in Taylor couette Flow for Extraction of Selected Organic and Metallic Contaminants

Download or read book Development and Optimization of Novel Emulsion Liquid Membranes Stabilized by Non newtonian Conversion in Taylor couette Flow for Extraction of Selected Organic and Metallic Contaminants written by Yonggyun Park and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extraction processes employing emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs), water-in-oil emulsions dispersed in aqueous phase, have been shown to be highly efficient in removing a variety of organic and inorganic contaminants from industrial wastewaters. As a result, they have been considered as alternative technologies to other more common separation processes such as pressure-driven membrane processes. Unfortunately, a widespread use of the ELM process has been limited due to the instability of emulsion globules against fluid shear. Breakup of emulsions and subsequent release of the internal receptor phase to the external donor phase would nullify the extraction process. Numerous studies have been, therefore, made in the past to enhance the stability of ELMs. Examples include adding more surfactants into the membrane phase and increasing the membrane viscosity. However, increased stability has been unfortunately accompanied by loss in extraction efficiency and rate in most reported attempts. The primary objective of this research is to apply the ELMs in a unique contacting device, a Taylor-Couette column, which provides a relatively low and uniform fluid shear that helps maintaining the stability of emulsion without compromising the extraction efficiency of a target compound. The ELM used in this study is made of membrane phase converted into non-Newtonian fluid by polymer addition, which provides additional uncommon remedy for the problem. This innovative ELM process was optimized to treat various types of simulated industrial wastewaters containing selected phenolic compounds and heavy metals. Experiments performed in this study suggested that the newly developed ELM process achieved exceptionally high overall removal efficiencies for the removal of these target compounds in relatively short contact time. Mechanistic predictive models were further developed and verified with the experimental data. Combined with the experimental data and novel mathematical predictive models, this study is expected to have a high impact on immediate practices of emulsion liquid membrane technologies in relevant industries.

Book Emulsion Liquid Membrane Removal of Arsenic and Strontium from Wastewater

Download or read book Emulsion Liquid Membrane Removal of Arsenic and Strontium from Wastewater written by Ding-Wei Zhou and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique has been successfully applied on the removal of arsenic (As) from metallurgical wastewater and the removal of strontium (Sr) horn radioactive wastewater. This study consisted of experimental work and mathematical modeling. Extraction of arsenic by an emulsion liquid membrane was firstly investigated. The liquid membrane used was composed of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol (2EHA) as the extractant, ECA436OJ as the surfactant, and Exxsol D-8O solvent (or heptane) the diluent. The sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions were use I as the external and internal phases, respectively. The arsenic removal efficiency reached 92% within 15 minutes in one stage. Extraction and stripping chemistries were postulated and investigated. It was observed that extraction efficiency and rate increase with the increase of acidic strength and alkali strength in the external and internal phases, respectively. It was also observed that the removal selectivity of arsenic over copper is extremely high. Strontium-90 is one of the major radioactive metals appearing in nuclear wastewater. The emulsion liquid membrane process was investigated as a separation method by using the non-radioactive 87Sr as its substitute. In oar study, the membrane phase was composed of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as the extractant EA4360J as the surfactant and Exxsol D-80 as the diluent. A sulfiric acid solution was used in the internal phase as the stripping agent. The pH range in the external phase was determined by the extraction isotherm. Under the most favorable operating condition, the strontium removal efficiency can reach 98% in two minutes. Mass transfer of the emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) system was modeled mathematically. Our model took into account the following: mass transfer of solute across the film between the external phase and the membrane phase, chemical equilibrium of the extraction reaction at the external phase-membrane interface, simultaneous diffusion of the solute-carrier complex inside the globule membrane phase and stripping of the complex at the membrane-internal phase interface, chemical equilibrium of the stripping reaction at the membrane-internal phase interface and leakage of the solute from the internal phase to the external phase. Resulting simultaneous partial differential equations were solved analytically by the Laplace transform method. Four dimensionless groups were found with special physical meanings to characterize the emulsion liquid membrane systems. It not only predicted the concentration of solute in the external phase versus time, but also gave the concentration profile inside the membrane gobule and the interfacial concentration at the external-membrane phase interface at different time. The model predicted very well the experimental data obtained from the removal of arsenic and strontium by the emulsion liquid membranes.

Book Modeling and Simulation of Copper Ion Extraction with Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane

Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of Copper Ion Extraction with Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane written by Sarawut Jitpinit and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, hollow fiber supported liquid membrane technology has been widely used for the selective separation and concentration of various species from dilute solutions, especially metal ion separation. This is because it combines the process of extraction, stripping and regeneration into a single stage. In this research, the extraction of copper ion through the hollow fiber supported liquid membrane containing bis(2-ethylexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dissolved in kerosene as a mobile carrier was studied. A mass transfer based mathematical model was proposed considering aqueous layer diffusion in feed and stripping side, interfacial chemical reaction and membrane diffusion. The model could be used to study both once-through mode operation and recycling mode operation. The effects of parameters on the removal efficiency of copper ion were discussed, i.e., the D2EHPA concentration in membrane phase, the initial Cu2+ concentration in feed solution, the pH in feed solution, the initial H+ in stripping phase, and the flow rate of feed solution. It was found that the model provided the removal efficiency of copper ion in good agreement with the measured results (the average error percentage and the standard deviation, 10.21 and 12.41, respectively).

Book Membrane Contactor Technology

Download or read book Membrane Contactor Technology written by Mohammad Younas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-04-18 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An eye-opening exploration of membrane contactors from a group of industry leaders In Membrane Contactor Technology: Water Treatment, Food Processing, Gas Separation, and Carbon Capture, an expert team of researchers delivers an up-to-date and insightful explanation of membrane contactor technology, including transport phenomena, design aspects, and diverse process applications. The book also includes explorations of membrane synthesis, process, and module design, as well as rarely discussed process modeling and simulation techniques. The authors discuss the technical and economic aspects of this increasingly important technology and examine the geometry, flow, energy and mass transport, and design aspects of membrane contactor modules. They also cover a wide range of application opportunities for this technology, from the materials sciences to process engineering. Membrane Contactor Technology also includes: A thorough introduction to the membrane contactor extraction process, including dispersion-free membrane extraction processes and supported liquid membrane processes Comprehensive explorations of membrane transport theory, including discussions of diffusional mass and heat transfer modeling, as well as numerical modeling In-depth examinations of module configuration and geometry, including design and flow configuration Practical discussions of modes or operation, including membrane distillation, osmotic evaporation, and forward osmosis Perfect for process engineers, biotechnologists, water chemists, and membrane scientists, Membrane Contactor Technology also belongs in the libraries of chemical engineers, polymer chemists, and chemists working in the environmental industry.