Download or read book Emulated Natural Disturbance as Habitat Restoration for the Wyoming Toad Anaxyrus Baxteri written by James M. Vance and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibian populations are declining rapidly around the world, with 207 species declining for unknown reasons. Science can play a critical role in recovering these species by elucidating decline causes and mitigation methods. The Wyoming toad (Anaxyrus baxteri) is an example of a critically endangered amphibian where gaps in information limit species recovery. Despite nearly 20 years of reintroductions, no self-sustaining populations have been reestablished. It is likely that altered disturbance regimes have changed habitat conditions and, at least partially, inhibited species recovery. Moreover, low retention of release animals (i.e. high mortality or dispersal) has hindered reestablishment. The Wyoming toad evolved in grassland habitat maintained by regular disturbances including fire and grazing, which created open habitat conditions that promote egg development and animal growth. However, grazing regimes have been highly altered and fire has been largely excluded throughout the Wyoming toad’s range. Releases have largely consisted of larval animals without supportive measures, leading to low survival and recruitment of released tadpoles into subsequent age classes. I assessed two objectives related to Wyoming toad reestablishment: 1) understand the effects of fire and cattle grazing on growth, survival, and habitat selection in Wyoming toads (Chapter 1); and 2) determine if different release methods may increase the effectiveness of Wyoming toad reintroductions (Chapter 2). For objective 1, toads raised in recently-burned habitats were larger than those raised in unburned areas and short-term exclusion of grazing had no effect on animal size. Wyoming toads of all ages selected for open canopy areas with recently-metamorphosed individuals selecting areas that were more open than adults. For objective 2, raising tadpoles in enclosures until metamorphosis prior to release increased size and on-site retention. My results demonstrate the importance of habitat management and release methodology in increasing the success of Wyoming toad reintroductions. This information can be used to improve recovery of endangered amphibians and help reverse the trend of amphibian declines.
Download or read book Factors Limiting Survival and Reestablishment of the Critically Endangered Wyoming Toad Anaxyrus Baxteri written by Julia S. Polasik and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibians are declining worldwide due to factors including habitat loss, disease, environmental contaminants, and climate change. These declines are a cause of concern because of amphibians' vital role as efficient biomass converters and biological indicators in many aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The Wyoming toad ( Anaxyrus baxteri ) is a critically endangered amphibian endemic to the Laramie Basin with an unknown cause of decline and subsequent inability to reestablish breeding populations. Early life stages have been the focus of reintroduction efforts that have primarily been limited to large, shallow lakes in the Laramie Basin. I addressed three objectives pertaining to A. baxteri survival and reestablishment: (1) determine habitat and disease limits to growth and survival of early life stages; (2) assess habitat suitability for reintroduction using A. baxteri historic niche and current landscape condition; and (3) design toad enclosures to increase recruitment. I found that accumulated temperature increased tadpole developmental rate while mid-vegetation heights had fewer small toadlets than short or tall vegetation heights at one month post-metamorphosis. Spatial location, climate, and land cover were important for A. baxteri niche and there was 38% decline in the area with greater than 50% probability of occurrence of A. baxteri from historic to current landscapes. Mesh toad enclosures were an effective method of increasing A. baxteri recruitment. These results have implications for habitat management that may improve recovery efforts of A. baxteri at current reintroduction sites and provide insight into A. baxteri 's niche to inform additional reintroduction site selection. These findings can also be applied to improve early life stage survival of other amphibians and historic niche modeling methods can be used to assess habitat suitability for species with reduced ranges and guide amphibian conservation efforts worldwide.
Download or read book Wyoming Toad Recovery Plan written by Michael D. Stone and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of the Genetic Diversity in Endangered Wyoming Toad Anaxyrus Baxteri written by Renee Marie Martin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wyoming Toad Draft Recovery Plan written by Michael D. Stone and published by . This book was released on 1991* with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Habitat Use and Movements of the Wyoming Toad Bufo Baxteri written by Joshua Michael Parker and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Wyoming Toad Bufo Hemiophrys Baxteri written by David Ian Withers and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Investigation Into the Decline of the Wyoming Toad Bufo Hemiophrys Baxteri written by Daniel L. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management Plan for the Rainbow Basin Natural Area written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rangeland Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rangelands comprise between 40 and 50 percent of all U.S. land and serve the nation both as productive areas for wildlife, recreational use, and livestock grazing and as watersheds. The health and management of rangelands have been matters for scientific inquiry and public debate since the 1880s, when reports of widespread range degradation and livestock losses led to the first attempts to inventory and classify rangelands. Scientists are now questioning the utility of current methods of rangeland classification and inventory, as well as the data available to determine whether rangelands are being degraded. These experts, who are using the same methods and data, have come to different conclusions. This book examines the scientific basis of methods used by federal agencies to inventory, classify, and monitor rangelands; it assesses the success of these methods; and it recommends improvements. The book's findings and recommendations are of interest to the public; scientists; ranchers; and local, state, and federal policymakers.
Download or read book Recreation management areas written by United States. Bureau of Land Management and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land and Resource Management Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
