Download or read book Empty Logic written by Hsueh-li Cheng and published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. This book was released on 1991 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABOUT THE BOOK:There has been a growing interest in Buddhist thought among Western scholars, especially in the philosophical teachings of the Madhyamika. In this book Prof. Cheng deals with its principle doctrines, its philosophy and its influence on

Download or read book New Essays in Free Logic written by Edgar Morscher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-31 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free logic - i.e., logic free of existential presuppositions in general and with respect to singular terms in particular- began to come into its own as a field of research in the 1950s. As is the case with so many developments in Western philosophy, its roots can be traced back to ancient Greek philo sophy. It is only during the last fifty years, however, that it has become well established as a branch of modern logic. The name of Karel Lambert is most closely connected with this development: he gave it its name and its profile as a well defined field of research. After a development of fifty years, it is time to look back and take stock while at the same time scanning for new perspectives. This is the purpose of the papers collected in this volume. The first paper is written by Karel Lambert himself who also comments on all the papers of the other authors. In an introductory essay we give a survey of the present status of and new directions in free logic.

Download or read book A Beginner s Guide to Mathematical Logic written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2014-07-23 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a creative master of mathematical logic, this introductory text combines stories of great philosophers, quotations, and riddles with the fundamentals of mathematical logic. Author Raymond Smullyan offers clear, incremental presentations of difficult logic concepts. He highlights each subject with inventive explanations and unique problems. Smullyan's accessible narrative provides memorable examples of concepts related to proofs, propositional logic and first-order logic, incompleteness theorems, and incompleteness proofs. Additional topics include undecidability, combinatoric logic, and recursion theory. Suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses, this book will also amuse and enlighten mathematically minded readers. Dover (2014) original publication. See every Dover book in print at www.doverpublications.com

Download or read book Propositional Logic written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2023-06-24 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Propositional Logic The field of logic that is known as propositional calculus. There are a few other names for it, including propositional logic, statement logic, sentential calculus, sentential logic, and occasionally zeroth-order logic. It examines propositions as well as the relations that exist between propositions, as well as the formulation of arguments that are founded on propositions. By combining individual statements with various logical connectives, one can create compound propositions. Atomic propositions are those that don't have any logical connectives in them, as the name suggests. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Propositional calculus Chapter 2: Axiom Chapter 3: First-order logic Chapter 4: Modus tollens Chapter 5: Consistency Chapter 6: Contradiction Chapter 7: Rule of inference Chapter 8: List of rules of inference Chapter 9: Deduction theorem Chapter 10: Theory (mathematical logic) (II) Answering the public top questions about propositional logic. (III) Real world examples for the usage of propositional logic in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of propositional logic' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of propositional logic.

Download or read book A Fortiori Logic written by Avi Sion and published by Avi Sion. This book was released on 2013-11-24 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A FORTIORI LOGIC: INNOVATIONS, HISTORY AND ASSESSMENTS, by Avi Sion, is a wide-ranging and in-depth study of a fortiori reasoning, comprising a great many new theoretical insights into such argument, a history of its use and discussion from antiquity to the present day, and critical analyses of the main attempts at its elucidation. Its purpose is nothing less than to lay the foundations for a new branch of logic, and greatly develop it; and thus to once and for all dispel the many fallacious ideas circulating regarding the nature of a fortiori reasoning.

Download or read book Modal Logic written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Modal Logic Statements regarding necessity and possibility can be represented with the use of a type of logic known as modal logic. As a method for gaining a grasp of ideas like knowledge, obligation, and causality, it is an essential component of philosophy and other subjects that are closely related to it. For instance, the formula can be used to describe the statement that is known in the epistemic modal logic. Using the same formula, one can express that which is a moral responsibility within the framework of deontic modal logic. The conclusions that can be drawn from modal assertions are taken into consideration by modal logic. For instance, the majority of epistemic logics consider the formula to be a tautology, which is a representation of the concept that the only assertions that may be considered to have knowledge are those that are true. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Modal Logic Chapter 2: First-order Logic Chapter 3: Propositional Calculus Chapter 4: Saul Kripke Chapter 5: Kripke Semantics Chapter 6: Temporal Logic Chapter 7: Epistemic Modal Logic Chapter 8: Accessibility Relation Chapter 9: S5 (Modal Logic) Chapter 10: Dynamic Logic (Modal Logic) (II) Answering the public top questions about modal logic. (III) Real world examples for the usage of modal logic in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of modal logic' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of modal logic.

Download or read book The A to Z of Logic written by Harry J. Gensler and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The A to Z of Logic introduces the central concepts of the field in a series of brief, non-technical, cross-referenced dictionary entries. The 352 alphabetically arranged entries give a clear, basic introduction to a very broad range of logical topics. Entries can be found on deductive systems, such as propositional logic, modal logic, deontic logic, temporal logic, set theory, many-valued logic, mereology, and paraconsistent logic. Similarly, there are entries on topics relating to those previously mentioned such as negation, conditionals, truth tables, and proofs. Historical periods and figures are also covered, including ancient logic, medieval logic, Buddhist logic, Aristotle, Ockham, Boole, Frege, Russell, Gödel, and Quine. There are even entries relating logic to other areas and topics, like biology, computers, ethics, gender, God, psychology, metaphysics, abstract entities, algorithms, the ad hominem fallacy, inductive logic, informal logic, the liar paradox, metalogic, philosophy of logic, and software for learning logic. In addition to the dictionary, there is a substantial chronology listing the main events in the history of logic, an introduction that sketches the central ideas of logic and how it has evolved into what it is today, and an extensive bibliography of related readings. This book is not only useful for specialists but also understandable to students and other beginners in the field.

Download or read book Introduction to Mathematical Logic written by Elliott Mendelson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-05-21 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of this classic textbook, Introduction to Mathematical Logic, Sixth Edition explores the principal topics of mathematical logic. It covers propositional logic, first-order logic, first-order number theory, axiomatic set theory, and the theory of computability. The text also discusses the major results of Godel, Church, Kleene, Rosse

Download or read book Dictionary of Philosophical Logic written by Roy T. Cook and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-20 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dictionary introduces undergraduate and post-graduate students in philosophy, mathematics, and computer science to the main problems and positions in philosophical logic. Coverage includes not only key figures, positions, terminology, and debates within philosophical logic itself, but issues in related, overlapping disciplines such as set theory and the philosophy of mathematics as well. Entries are extensively cross-referenced, so that each entry can be easily located within the context of wider debates, thereby providing a valuable reference both for tracking the connections between concepts within logic and for examining the manner in which these concepts are applied in other philosophical disciplines.

Download or read book Introduction to Logic written by Michael Genesereth and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a gentle but rigorous introduction to Formal Logic. It is intended primarily for use at the college level. However, it can also be used for advanced secondary school students, and it can be used at the start of graduate school for those who have not yet seen the material. The approach to teaching logic used here emerged from more than 20 years of teaching logic to students at Stanford University and from teaching logic to tens of thousands of others via online courses on the World Wide Web. The approach differs from that taken by other books in logic in two essential ways, one having to do with content, the other with form. Like many other books on logic, this one covers logical syntax and semantics and proof theory plus induction. However, unlike other books, this book begins with Herbrand semantics rather than the more traditional Tarskian semantics. This approach makes the material considerably easier for students to understand and leaves them with a deeper understanding of what logic is all about. In addition to this text, there are online exercises (with automated grading), online logic tools and applications, online videos of lectures, and an online forum for discussion. They are available at http://intrologic.stanford.edu/

Download or read book Inductive Logic written by Avi Sion and published by Avi Sion. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inductive Logic is a ‘thematic compilation’ by Avi Sion. It collects in one volume many (though not all) of the essays, that he has written on this subject over a period of some 23 years, which all demonstrate the possibility and conditions of validity of human knowledge, the utility and reliability of human cognitive means when properly used, contrary to the skeptical assumptions that are nowadays fashionable. This volume includes essays on the laws of thought, credibility, logical modality, contextuality, adduction, theory formation and selection, induction of actual and modal propositions, factorial induction (factor selection and formula revision), the phenomenological approach, experience, conceptualization, generalization and particularization, causation and its determinations, volition (freewill) and influences thereon, negation, and existential import.

Download or read book LSAT Logic Games For Dummies written by Mark Zegarelli and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-02-08 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improve your score on the Analytical Reasoning portion of the LSAT If you're like most test-takers, you find the infamous Analytical Reasoning or "Logic Games" section of the LSAT to be the most elusive and troublesome. Now there's help! LSAT Logic Games For Dummies takes the puzzlement out of the Analytical Reasoning section of the exam and shows you that it's not so problematic after all! This easy-to-follow guide examines the types of logic puzzles presented on the LSAT and offers step-by-step instructions for how best to correctly identify and solve each problem within the allocated time. Coverage of all six question types Detailed strategies for quickly and correctly recognizing and solving each question type Complete with loads of practice problems Whether you're preparing to take the LSAT for the first time or looking to improve a previous score, LSAT Logic Games For Dummies is the logical study companion for anyone looking to score high on the LSAT!

Download or read book Dependence Logic written by Samson Abramsky and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, different aspects of logics for dependence and independence are discussed, including both the logical and computational aspects of dependence logic, and also applications in a number of areas, such as statistics, social choice theory, databases, and computer security. The contributing authors represent leading experts in this relatively new field, each of whom was invited to write a chapter based on talks given at seminars held at the Schloss Dagstuhl Leibniz Center for Informatics in Wadern, Germany (in February 2013 and June 2015) and an Academy Colloquium at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (March 2014). Altogether, these chapters provide the most up-to-date look at this developing and highly interdisciplinary field and will be of interest to a broad group of logicians, mathematicians, statisticians, philosophers, and scientists. Topics covered include a comprehensive survey of many propositional, modal, and first-order variants of dependence logic; new results concerning expressive power of several variants of dependence logic with different sets of logical connectives and generalized dependence atoms; connections between inclusion logic and the least-fixed point logic; an overview of dependencies in databases by addressing the relationships between implication problems for fragments of statistical conditional independencies, embedded multivalued dependencies, and propositional logic; various Markovian models used to characterize dependencies and causality among variables in multivariate systems; applications of dependence logic in social choice theory; and an introduction to the theory of secret sharing, pointing out connections to dependence and independence logic.

Download or read book The Road to Universal Logic written by Arnold Koslow and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2015-06-10 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume of a collection of papers offers new perspectives and challenges in the study of logic. It is presented in honor of the fiftieth birthday of Jean-Yves Béziau. The papers touch upon a wide range of topics including paraconsistent logic, quantum logic, geometry of oppositions, categorical logic, computational logic, fundamental logic notions (identity, rule, quantification) and history of logic (Leibniz, Peirce, Hilbert). The volume gathers personal recollections about Jean-Yves Béziau and an autobiography, followed by 25 papers written by internationally distinguished logicians, mathematicians, computer scientists, linguists and philosophers, including Irving Anellis, Dov Gabbay, Ivor Grattan-Guinness, Istvan Németi, Henri Prade. These essays will be of interest to all students and researchers interested in the nature and future of logic.

Download or read book Quantifiers Quantifiers and Quantifiers Themes in Logic Metaphysics and Language written by Alessandro Torza and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers a wide range of topics that fall under the 'philosophy of quantifiers', a philosophy that spans across multiple areas such as logic, metaphysics, epistemology and even the history of philosophy. It discusses the import of quantifier variance in the model theory of mathematics. It advances an argument for the uniqueness of quantifier meaning in terms of Evert Beth’s notion of implicit definition and clarifies the oldest explicit formulation of quantifier variance: the one proposed by Rudolf Carnap. The volume further examines what it means that a quantifier can have multiple meanings and addresses how existential vagueness can induce vagueness in our modal notions. Finally, the book explores the role played by quantifiers with respect to various kinds of semantic paradoxes, the logicality issue, ontological commitment, and the behavior of quantifiers in intensional contexts.

Download or read book Reconfigurable Logic written by Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last three decades, reconfigurable logic has been growing steadily and can now be found in many different fields. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are one of the most famous architecture families of reconfigurable devices. FPGAs can be seen as arrays of logic units that can be reconfigured to realize any digital systems. Their high versatility has enabled designers to drastically reduce time to market, and made FPGAs suitable for prototyping or small production series in many branches of industrial products. In addition, and thanks to innovations at the architecture level, FPGAs are now conquering segments of mass markets such as mobile communications. Reconfigurable Logic: Architecture, Tools, and Applications offers a snapshot of the state of the art of reconfigurable logic systems. Covering a broad range of architectures, tools, and applications, this book: Explores classical FPGA architectures and their supporting tools Evaluates recent proposals related to FPGA architectures, including the use of network-on-chips (NoCs) Examines reconfigurable processors that merge concepts borrowed from the reconfigurable domain into processor design Exploits FPGAs for high-performance systems, efficient error correction codes, and high-bandwidth network routers with built-in security Expounds on emerging technologies to enhance FPGA architectures, improve routing structures, and create non-volatile configuration flip-flops Reconfigurable Logic: Architecture, Tools, and Applications reviews current trends in reconfigurable platforms, providing valuable insight into the future potential of reconfigurable systems.

Download or read book Introduction to Logic Second Edition written by Genesereth Michael and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2013-08-16 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a gentle but rigorous introduction to Formal Logic. It is intended primarily for use at the college level. However, it can also be used for advanced secondary school students, and it can be used at the start of graduate school for those who have not yet seen the material. The approach to teaching logic used here emerged from more than 20 years of teaching logic to students at Stanford University and from teaching logic to tens of thousands of others via online courses on the World Wide Web. The approach differs from that taken by other books in logic in two essential ways, one having to do with content, the other with form. Like many other books on logic, this one covers logical syntax and semantics and proof theory plus induction. However, unlike other books, this book begins with Herbrand semantics rather than the more traditional Tarskian semantics. This approach makes the material considerably easier for students to understand and leaves them with a deeper understanding of what logic is all about. In addition to this text, there are online exercises (with automated grading), online logic tools and applications, online videos of lectures, and an online forum for discussion. They are available at logic.stanford.edu/intrologic/