Download or read book Empirical Studies in the Theory of Measurement written by Edward Lee Thorndike and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Empirical Studies in the Theory of Measurement written by Edward L. (Edward Lee) Thorndike and published by Hardpress Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Download or read book Empirical Studies in the Theory of Measurement Classic Reprint written by Edward L. Thorndike and published by . This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Empirical Studies in the Theory of Measurement In the present condition of psychology, sociology and education, convenience, economy and directness are as important desiderata in methods of measurement as refinement with respect to precision. The results of these studies justify certain methods which have the decided advantage of giving measures which are direct functions of the data, independent of any hypothesis about the prevalence of the so-called 'normal' distribution, but which have been somewhat discountenanced or at least neglected in both the theory and the practice of statistics. The section on correlation attempts also to make clear just what is measured by a coefficient of correlation and what the dangers are in the application of correlation formulas without constant supervision by an adequate sense for the concrete individual facts to be related. Measurements of Type and Variability 1. The Comparative Accuracy of the Average and the Median The median as a measure of the central tendency of a series of measures has the advantages of greater quickness of calculation, freedom from the influence of erroneous measurements, ease of interpretation and often greater practical significance. It is, therefore, important to know whether the accuracy, with which the median actually obtained from a small sampling of a series conforms to the true median of the total series, is much less than the similar accuracy in the case of the more commonly used measure, the average. It is possible with any given form of distribution to calculate on the basis of the theory of probability the accuracy in either case. Trusting that some one will soon do this for typical forms of distribution other than the so-called 'normal' I have chosen to get empirical data on the same question from actual experiments with random samplings from certain large series of measures. The median was calculated for each sampling by regarding the total series as measures of a continuous variable, quantity 61, for instance, equalling from 60.0 up to 62.0, quantity 63 equalling from 62.0 up to 64.0, etc. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."

Download or read book Empirical Studies in the Theory of Measurement written by Edward Lee Thorndike and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Empirical Studies in the Theory of Measurement written by Edward L 1874-1949 Thorndike and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2015-12-06 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book Empirical Studies in the Theory of Measurement written by Edward L. Thorndike and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurement written by Karel Berka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, Karel Berka has worked at some of the central problems of the theory of the sciences. At once a logician, a mathematician, a careful student of the physical sciences and the social sciences, and a sharp but sympathetic critic of the major philosophies of science in this century, Berka brings to this treatise on measurement both his technical mastery and his historical sensitivity. We appreciate his careful analysis of his predecessors, notably Helmholtz, Campbell, Holder, Bridgman, Camap, Hempel, and Stevens, and of his contemporaries such as Brian Ellis and also Patrick Suppes and J. L. Zinnes. The issues to be clarified are familiar but still troubling: how to justify the conceptual transition from classification to a metric; how to explore ways to provide a quantitative understanding of a qualitative concept; indeed how to understand, and thereby control, the Galilean enthusiasm "to measure what is measurable and to try to render measurable what is not so as yet".

Download or read book Measurement Theory in Action written by Kenneth S Shultz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: -Helps readers apply testing and measurement theories they learn in courses on psychometrics, testing and measurement and/or multivariate statistics taught in psychology, education, marketing and management. -With 22 self-standing modules instructors can pick and choose the ones that are most appropriate for their course. -Each module features an overview of a measurement issue, a step-by-step application of that theory, and two cases which depict typical dilemmas faced when applying measurement theory followed by Questions to Ponder to encourage critical examination of the issues noted in the cases. -Best practices provide recommendations for ensuring the appropriate application of the theory. -Practical questions help students assess their understanding of the topic while the examples allow them to apply the material using real data. -Each module contains exercises some of which require no computer access while others involve the use of SPSS to solve the problem and a continuing exercise incorporates many of the steps in the development of a measure of typical performance. -Recent changes in understanding measurement, with over 50 new and updated references -Explanations of why each chapter, article, or book in each module’s Further Readings section is recommended -Instructors will find suggested answers to the book’s questions and exercises; detailed solutions to the exercises; test bank with 10 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions for each module; and PowerPoint slides. Students and instructors can access SPSS data sets; additional exercises; the glossary; and additional information helpful in understanding psychometric concepts.

Download or read book The Completeness of Scientific Theories written by Martin Carrier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earlier in this century, many philosophers of science (for example, Rudolf Carnap) drew a fairly sharp distinction between theory and observation, between theoretical terms like 'mass' and 'electron', and observation terms like 'measures three meters in length' and 'is _2° Celsius'. By simply looking at our instruments we can ascertain what numbers our measurements yield. Creatures like mass are different: we determine mass by calculation; we never directly observe a mass. Nor an electron: this term is introduced in order to explain what we observe. This (once standard) distinction between theory and observation was eventually found to be wanting. First, if the distinction holds, it is difficult to see what can characterize the relationship between theory :md observation. How can theoretical terms explain that which is itself in no way theorized? The second point leads out of the first: are not the instruments that provide us with observational material themselves creatures of theory? Is it really possible to have an observation language that is entirely barren of theory? The theory-Iadenness of observation languages is now an accept ed feature of the logic of science. Many regard such dependence of observation on theory as a virtue. If our instruments of observation do not derive their meaning from theories, whence comes that meaning? Surely - in science - we have nothing else but theories to tell us what to try to observe.

Download or read book Theory and Measurement written by Henry Ely Kyburg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1984-06-14 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Henry Kyburg Jr proposes here an original, carefully worked out theory of the foundations of measurement, to show how quantities can be defined, why certain mathematical structures are appropriate to them and what meaning attaches to the results generated. Crucial to his approach is the notion of error.

Download or read book Measurement and Probability written by Giovanni Battista Rossi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurement plays a fundamental role both in physical and behavioral sciences, as well as in engineering and technology: it is the link between abstract models and empirical reality and is a privileged method of gathering information from the real world. Is it possible to develop a single theory of measurement for the various domains of science and technology in which measurement is involved? This book takes the challenge by addressing the following main issues: What is the meaning of measurement? How do we measure? What can be measured? A theoretical framework that could truly be shared by scientists in different fields, ranging from physics and engineering to psychology is developed. The future in fact will require greater collaboration between science and technology and between different sciences. Measurement, which played a key role in the birth of modern science, can act as an essential interdisciplinary tool and language for this new scenario. A sound theoretical basis for addressing key problems in measurement is provided. These include perceptual measurement, the evaluation of uncertainty, the evaluation of inter-comparisons, the analysis of risks in decision-making and the characterization of dynamical measurement. Currently, increasing attention is paid to these issues due to their scientific, technical, economic and social impact. The book proposes a unified probabilistic approach to them which may allow more rational and effective solutions to be reached. Great care was taken to make the text as accessible as possible in several ways. Firstly, by giving preference to as interdisciplinary a terminology as possible; secondly, by carefully defining and discussing all key terms. This ensures that a wide readership, including people from different mathematical backgrounds and different understandings of measurement can all benefit from this work. Concerning mathematics, all the main results are preceded by intuitive discussions and illustrated by simple examples. Moreover, precise proofs are always included in order to enable the more demanding readers to make conscious and creative use of these ideas, and also to develop new ones. The book demonstrates that measurement, which is commonly understood to be a merely experimental matter, poses theoretical questions which are no less challenging than those arising in other, apparently more theoretical, disciplines.

Download or read book A practical guide to conducting empirical research written by R. Barker Bausell and published by HarperCollins Publishers. This book was released on 1986-03-01 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Measure for Measures written by R Pawson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2004. This challenging and pioneering work aims to provide a measure (a set of standards) for measures (empirical data) in sociological research. It argues that the critique of positivism has resulted in a methodological impasse. Criticism has pulled the rug from under positivist method but left nothing in its place. In a devastating and systematic critique the author rejects phenomenological and relativist objections to sociological measurement. A wholly new model for the empirical substantiation of sociological theory is developed based on an examination of scientific measurement techniques and a reading of realist philosophical principles. Unlike many books heralding a new direction in sociology, A MEASURE FOR MEASURES goes beyond meta-theory, providing detailed examples to show how the 'new realism' can provide a viable empirical method.

Download or read book Science Outside the Laboratory written by Marcel Boumans and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conduct of most of social science occurs outside the laboratory. Such studies in field science explore phenomena that cannot for practical, technical, or ethical reasons be explored under controlled conditions. These phenomena cannot be fully isolated from their environment or investigated by manipulation or intervention. Yet measurement, including rigorous or clinical measurement, does provide analysts with a sound basis for discerning what occurs under field conditions, and why. In Science Outside the Laboratory, Marcel Boumans explores the state of measurement theory, its reliability, and the role expert judgment plays in field investigations from the perspective of the philosophy of science. Its discussion of the problems of passive observation, the calculus of observation, the two-model problem, and model-based consensus uses illustrations drawn primarily from economics. Rich in research and discussion, the volume clarifies the extent to which measurement provides valid information about objects and events in field sciences, but also has implications for measurement in the laboratory. Scholars in the fields of philosophy of science, social science, and economics will find Science Outside the Laboratory a compelling and informative read.

Download or read book A Measure for Measures written by Ray Pawson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maurice Ravel: A Research and Information Guide is an annotated bibliography concerning both the nature of primary sources related to the composer and the scope and significance of the secondary sources which deal with him, his compositions, and his influence as a composer and theorist.

Download or read book Measurement in the Social Sciences written by Richard A. Zeller and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1980-04-30 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is designed to bridge the gap between the theorist and the methodologist by presenting an integrated approach to measurement. By differentiating between random and systematic error, it conveys both statistical techniques and their theoretical underpinnings essential to students of sociology and political science. Rather than developing new technical methods of new theoretical structures, Professors Zeller and Carmines provide thorough explanations of the assumptions, limitations and interpretations of previously established techniques and theories. Written at a level accessible to students of social science with some statistical training, the book does not presume a sophisticated mathematical background. By concentrating on synthesizing the methodological and theoretical realms, Zeller and Carmines demonstrate why measurement considerations are important to research and how measurement principles can be most effectively applied.

Download or read book Advancing Human Assessment written by Randy E. Bennett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license.​​ This book describes the extensive contributions made toward the advancement of human assessment by scientists from one of the world’s leading research institutions, Educational Testing Service. The book’s four major sections detail research and development in measurement and statistics, education policy analysis and evaluation, scientific psychology, and validity. Many of the developments presented have become de-facto standards in educational and psychological measurement, including in item response theory (IRT), linking and equating, differential item functioning (DIF), and educational surveys like the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the Programme of international Student Assessment (PISA), the Progress of International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) and the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). In addition to its comprehensive coverage of contributions to the theory and methodology of educational and psychological measurement and statistics, the book gives significant attention to ETS work in cognitive, personality, developmental, and social psychology, and to education policy analysis and program evaluation. The chapter authors are long-standing experts who provide broad coverage and thoughtful insights that build upon decades of experience in research and best practices for measurement, evaluation, scientific psychology, and education policy analysis. Opening with a chapter on the genesis of ETS and closing with a synthesis of the enormously diverse set of contributions made over its 70-year history, the book is a useful resource for all interested in the improvement of human assessment.