Download or read book Empirical Knowledge written by Alan H. Goldman and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[Goldman's] theory of knowing is novel, powerful and yet fairly simple. His attack on skepticism is as persuasive and as well worked-out as any I know."--William Gregory Lycan, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill "In both conception and execution this is a fine book. . . . Goldman's treatment is fresh and invigorating."--Frederick Schmitt, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign "[Goldman's] theory of knowing is novel, powerful and yet fairly simple. His attack on skepticism is as persuasive and as well worked-out as any I know."--William Gregory Lycan, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Download or read book The Structure of Empirical Knowledge written by Laurence BonJour and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1988-03-15 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How must our knowledge be systematically organized in order to justify our beliefs? There are two options—the solid securing of the ancient foundationalist pyramid or the risky adventure of the new coherentist raft. For the foundationalist like Descartes each piece of knowledge can be stacked to build a pyramid. Not so, argues Laurence BonJour. What looks like a pyramid is in fact a dead end, a blind alley. Better by far to choose the raft. Here BonJour sets out the most extensive antifoundationalist argument yet developed. The first part of the book offers a systematic exposition of foundationalist views and formulates a general argument to show that no variety of foundationalism provides an acceptable account of empirical justification. In the second part he explores a coherence theory of empirical knowledge and argues that a defensible theory must incorporate an adequate conception of observation. The book concludes with an account of the correspondence theory of empirical truth and an argument that systems of empirical belief which satisfy the coherentist standard of justification are also likely to be true.

Download or read book Ways of Making and Knowing written by Harold J. Cook and published by . This book was released on 2017-07-15 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the relationship between making objects and knowing nature in Europe from the mid-15th to mid-19th centuries

Download or read book Empirical Knowledge written by Paul K. Moser and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction : empirical knowledge / Paul K. Moser -- Concepts of epistemic justification / William P. Alston -- The myth of the given / Roderick Chisholm -- Can empirical knowledge have a foundation? / Laurence BonJour -- The coherence theory of knowledge / Keith Leher -- The foundationalism-coherentism controversy / Robert Audi -- Reliabilism and intellectual virtue / Ernest Sosa -- A contextualist theory of epistemic justification / David B. Annis -- Pragmatism, relativism, and irrationalism / Richard Rorty -- Is justified true belief knowledge? / Edmund Gettier -- An alleged defect in Gettier counterexamples / Richard Feldman -- The Gettier problem / John Pollock -- Why solve the Gettier problem? / Earl Conee -- A 'doxastic practice' approach to epistemology / William P. Alston -- Philosophical scepticism and epistemic circularity / Ernest Sosa -- Scepticism, 'externalism', and the goal of epistemology / Barry Stroud -- Epistemology naturalized / W.V. Quine -- Quine as a feminist : the radical import of naturalized epistemology / Louise M. Anthony -- Epistemic folkways and scientific epistemology / Alvin Goldman.

Download or read book Grounding Concepts written by C. S. Jenkins and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-08-14 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grounding Concepts tackles the issue of arithmetical knowledge, developing a new position which respects three intuitions which have appeared impossible to satisfy simultaneously: a priorism, mind-independence realism, and empiricism. Drawing on a wide range of philosophical influences, but avoiding unnecessary technicality, a view is developed whereby arithmetic can be known through the examination of empirically grounded concepts. These are concepts which, owing to their relationship to sensory input, are non-accidentally accurate representations of the mind-independent world. Examination of such concepts is an armchair activity, but enables us to recover information which has been encoded in the way our concepts represent. Emphasis on the key role of the senses in securing this coding relationship means that the view respects empiricism, but without undermining the mind-independence of arithmetic or the fact that it is knowable by means of a special armchair method called conceptual examination. A wealth of related issues are covered during the course of the book, including definitions of realism, conditions on knowledge, the problems with extant empiricist approaches to the a priori, mathematical explanation, mathematical indispensability, pragmatism, conventionalism, empiricist criteria for meaningfulness, epistemic externalism and foundationalism. The discussion encompasses themes from the work of Locke, Kant, Ayer, Wittgenstein, Quine, McDowell, Field, Peacocke, Boghossian, and many others.

Download or read book The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge written by A J (Alfred Jules) 1910-1989 Ayer and published by Hassell Street Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book Moral Knowledge written by Sarah McGrath and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How fragile is our knowledge of morality, compared to other kinds of knowledge? Does knowledge of the difference between right and wrong fundamentally differ from knowledge of other kinds? Sarah McGrath offers new answers to these questions as she explores the possibilities, sources and characteristic vulnerabilities of moral knowledge.

Download or read book Empirical Nursing written by Bernie Garrett and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a novel approach to understanding the science and art of nursing that underpins evidence-based practice. It explores the foundational philosophical principles of nursing in an accessible manner, to enable readers to grasp the key arguments behind empirical nursing and why it is important for nurses to understand it.

Download or read book The Empirical Empire written by Arndt Brendecke and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-10-10 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How was Spain able to govern its enormous colonial territories? In 1573 the king decreed that his councilors should acquire "complete knowledge" about the empire they were running from out of Madrid, and he initiated an impressive program for the systematic collection of empirical knowledge. Brendecke shows why this knowledge was created in the first place – but then hardly used. And he looks into the question of what political effects such a policy of knowledge had for Spain’s colonial rule.

Download or read book Dewey s Empirical Theory of Knowledge and Reality written by John R. Shook and published by Vanderbilt University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ongoing revival of interest in the work of American philosopher and pragmatist John Dewey has given rise to a burgeoning flow of commentaries, critical editions, and reevaluations of Dewey's writings. While previous studies of Dewey's work have taken either a historical or a topical focus, Shook offers an innovative, organic approach to understanding Dewey and eloquently shows that Dewey's instrumentalism grew seamlessly out of his idealism. He argues that most current scholarship operates under a mistaken impression of Dewey's early philosophical positions and convincingly demonstrates a number of key points: that Dewey's metaphysical empiricism remained more indebted to Kant and Hegel than is commonly supposed; that Dewey owed more to the influence of Wundt than is commonly believed; that the influence of Peirce and James was not as significant for the development of Dewey's theories of mind and truth as has been argued in the past; and that Dewey's pragmatic theory of knowledge never really abandoned idealism. Shook's exposition of the unity of Dewey's thought challenges a large scholarly industry devoted to suppressing or explaining away the consistency between Dewey's early thought and his later work. In every respect, Dewey's Empirical Theory of Knowledge and Reality is a provocative and engaging study that will occupy a unique niche in this field. It is certain to stimulate discussion and controversy, forcing Dewey traditionalists out of habitual modes of thought and transforming our conventional understanding of the development of classical American philosophy.

Download or read book Empirical Paradox Complexity Thinking and Generating New Kinds of Knowledge written by Paolo Grigolini and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-05 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is another world war inevitable? The answer is a resounding “yes” if we continue to think in terms of “either/or” outcomes. Adversaries think in such terms, you either get what you want, or you do not. Can a different way of thinking produce a different outcome? This book shows that the consistency demanded by the linear, logical either/or thinking is disrupted by paradox, whose resolution forces a consequent decision: war or peace, with no middle ground. If this were the only way of thinking then a person would be either a protagonist or an antagonist, but a person can be both, either, or neither; this opens the door to novel solutions. This is “both/and” thinking, which the book shows can be achieved by a dynamic resolution of paradox. Thus, a basically selfish individual can also be a hero; a consequence of the complexity of being human.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science 1964 1966 written by Robert S. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third volume of Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science contains papers which are based upon Colloquia from 1964 to 1966. In most cases, they have been substantially modified subsequent to presentation and discussion. Once again we publish work which goes beyond technical analysis of scientific theories and explanations in order to include philo sophical reflections upon the history of science and also upon the still problematic interactions between metaphysics and science. The philo sophical history of scientific ideas has increasingly been recognized as part of the philosophy of science, and likewise the cultural context of the genesis of such ideas. There is no school or attitude to be taken as de fining the scope or criteria of our Colloquium, and so we seek to under stand both analytic and historical aspects of science. This volume, as the previous two, constitutes a substantial part of our final report to the U. S. National Science Foundation, which has continued its support of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science by a grant to Boston University. That report will be concluded by a subse quent volume of these Studies. It is a pleasure to record our thanks to the Foundation for its confidence and funds. We dedicate this book to the memory of Norwood Russell Hanson. During this academic year of 1966-67, this beloved and distinguished American philosopher participated in our Colloquium, and he did so before.

Download or read book The Body as Object and Instrument of Knowledge written by Charles T. Wolfe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-07 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was in 1660s England, according to the received view, in the Royal Society of London, that science acquired the form of empirical enquiry we recognize as our own: an open, collaborative experimental practice, mediated by specially-designed instruments, supported by civil discourse, stressing accuracy and replicability. Guided by the philosophy of Francis Bacon, by Protestant ideas of this worldly benevolence, by gentlemanly codes of decorum and by a dominant interest in mechanics and the mechanical structure of the universe, the members of the Royal Society created a novel experimental practice that superseded former modes of empirical inquiry, from Aristotelian observations to alchemical experimentation. This volume focuses on the development of empiricism as an interest in the body – as both the object of research and the subject of experience. Re-embodying empiricism shifts the focus of interest to the ‘life sciences’; medicine, physiology, natural history. In fact, many of the active members of the Royal Society were physicians, and a significant number of those, disciples of William Harvey and through him, inheritors of the empirical anatomy practices developed in Padua during the 16th century. Indeed, the primary research interests of the early Royal Society were concentrated on the body, human and animal, and its functions much more than on mechanics. Similarly, the Académie des Sciences directly contradicted its self-imposed mandate to investigate Nature in mechanistic fashion, devoting a significant portion of its Mémoires to questions concerning life, reproduction and monsters, consulting empirical botanists, apothecaries and chemists, and keeping closer to experience than to the Cartesian standards of well-founded knowledge. These highlighted empirical studies of the body, were central in a workshop in the beginning of 2009 organized by the unit for History and Philosophy of Science in Sydney. The papers that were presented by some of the leading figures in this area are presented in this volume.

Download or read book Information Experimental Knowledge written by James Mattingly and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ambitious new model of experimentation that will reorient our understanding of the key features of experimental practice. What is experimental knowledge, and how do we get it? While there is general agreement that experiment is a crucial source of scientific knowledge, how experiment generates that knowledge is far more contentious. In this book, philosopher of science James Mattingly explains how experiments function. Specifically, he discusses what it is about experimental practice that transforms observations of what may be very localized, particular, isolated systems into what may be global, general, integrated empirical knowledge. Mattingly argues that the purpose of experimentation is the same as the purpose of any other knowledge-generating enterprise—to change the state of information of the knower. This trivial-seeming point has a non-trivial consequence: to understand a knowledge-generating enterprise, we should follow the flow of information. Therefore, the account of experimental knowledge Mattingly provides is based on understanding how information flows in experiments: what facilitates that flow, what hinders it, and what characteristics allow it to flow from system to system, into the heads of researchers, and finally into our store of scientific knowledge.

Download or read book Evidence for Psi written by Damien Broderick and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Psi" is the term used by researchers for a variety of demonstrable but elusive psychic phenomena. This collection of essays provides a detailed survey of the evidence for psi at the level of scientific examination. Key features of apparent psi phenomena are reviewed, including precognition and remote perception (knowledge of future or distant events that cannot be inferred from present information), presentiment (physiological responses to stimuli that have not yet occurred), the effects of human emotions on globally dispersed machines, the possible impact of local sidereal time on psi performance, and the familiar feeling of knowing who is calling on the phone. Special attention is given to those phenomena that make it difficult for scientists to get a clear understanding of psi. The body of psi research, while complex and frustrating, is shown to contain sufficiently compelling positive evidence to convince the rational open-minded observer that psi is real, and that one or more physical processes probably underlie observed psi phenomena.

Download or read book Beyond Common Knowledge written by Erik Gilbert Jensen and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intensive global search is on for the "rule of law," the holy grail of good governance, which has led to a dramatic increase in judicial reform activities in developing countries. Very little attention, however, has been paid to the widening gap between theory and practice, or to the ongoing disconnect between stated project goals and actual funded activities. Beyond Common Knowledge examines the standard methods of legal and judicial reform. Taking stock of international experience in legal and judicial reform in Latin America, Europe, India, and China, this volume answers key questions in the judicial reform debate: What are the common assumptions about the role of the courts in improving economic growth and democratic politics? Do we expect too much from the formal legal system? Is investing in judicial reform projects a good strategy for getting at the problems of governance that beset many developing countries? If not, what are we missing?

Download or read book Evolution in Hawaii written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-02-10 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As both individuals and societies, we are making decisions today that will have profound consequences for future generations. From preserving Earth's plants and animals to altering our use of fossil fuels, none of these decisions can be made wisely without a thorough understanding of life's history on our planet through biological evolution. Companion to the best selling title Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science, Evolution in Hawaii examines evolution and the nature of science by looking at a specific part of the world. Tracing the evolutionary pathways in Hawaii, we are able to draw powerful conclusions about evolution's occurrence, mechanisms, and courses. This practical book has been specifically designed to give teachers and their students an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of evolution using exercises with real genetic data to explore and investigate speciation and the probable order in which speciation occurred based on the ages of the Hawaiian Islands. By focusing on one set of islands, this book illuminates the general principles of evolutionary biology and demonstrate how ongoing research will continue to expand our knowledge of the natural world.