Download or read book Empirical Essays on Education and Health Policy Evaluation written by Debbie Lau and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Empirical Essays on Education and Health Policy Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Empirical Essays on Education Policy Evaluation written by Zelda Brutti and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is composed of three empirical essays that share the theme of education policy evaluation. Chapter 1 looks at cognitive spillovers between siblings who live in the same household. The research question asked is whether such spillovers exist, and what their magnitude may be. Using longitudinal data on children aged 5 to 14 and living in the United States, I identify positive, significant and sizable cognitive spillovers between siblings. In the light of these findings, education policies that increase the cognitive achievement of any target population of children may also indirectly benefit their cohabiting siblings. Chapter 2 evaluates the outcome of a decentralization reform that has affected public education in Colombia. Municipalities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants were made autonomous in the management of public education on their territories, while cities below that threshold were not given autonomy. I exploit this quasi-experimental setup to evaluate the impact of local autonomy on educational quality. I find that autonomy was beneficial for municipalities that were highly developed at the time of the reform, but the impact was negative for low-developed ones, increasing inequality across regions. These results sound a note of caution about the potential consequences of decentralization reforms, in educational contexts similar to the Colombian one. Chapter 3 is coauthored with Fabio Sánchez Torres at the University of Los Andes, and looks at how quality assurance mechanisms in the careers of public school teachers have affected student performance in Colombia. The main novelties consist in a selective entry examination, a probation period and permanent evaluation processes. We find that teachers who operate under the new regulation noticeably improve pupils' achievement with respect to colleagues who follow the old rules, which feature very few incentives for teaching quality. Our findings may provide education policy guidance to several Latin American countries, in which current teacher regulations resemble the former Colombian one.
Download or read book Essays on Health Policy Evaluation written by Clara Pott and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Short and Long Term Influences of Education Health Indicators and Crime on Labor Market Outcomes Five Essays in Empirical Labor Economics written by Elisabeth Lång and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of how several individual characteristics, namely education (years of schooling), health indicators (height, weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise), criminal behavior, and crime victimization, influence labor market outcomes in the short and long run. The first part of the thesis consists of three studies in which I adopt a within-twin-pair difference approach to analyze how education, health indicators, and earnings are associated with each other over the life cycle. The second part of the thesis includes two studies in which I use field experiments in order to test the employability of exoffenders and crime victims. The first essay, Learning for life?, describes an analysis of the education premium in earnings and health-related behaviors throughout adulthood among twins. The results show that the education premium in earnings, net of genetic inheritance, is rather small over the life cycle but increases with the level of education. The results also show that the education premium in health-related behaviors is mainly concentrated on smoking habits. The influences of education on earnings and health-related behaviors seem to work independently of each other, and there are no signs that health-related behaviors influence the education premium in earnings or vice versa. The second essay, Blowing up money?, details an analysis of the association between smoking and earnings in two different historical social contexts in Sweden: the 1970s and the 2000s. I also consider possible differences in this association in the short and long run as well as between the sexes. The results show that the earnings penalty for smoking is much stronger in the 2000s as compared to the 1970s (for both sexes) and that it is larger in the long run as compared to the short run (for men). The third essay, Two by two, inch by inch, describes an analysis of the height premium among Swedish twins. The results show that the height premium is relatively constant over the life cycle and that it is larger below median height for men and above median height for young women. The estimates are similar for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, indicating that environmentally and genetically induced height differences are similarly associated with earnings over the life cycle. The fourth essay, The employability of ex-offenders, published in IZA Journal of Labor Policy (2017), 6:6, details an analysis of whether male and female exoffenders are discriminated against when applying for jobs in the Swedish labor market. The results show that employers do discriminate against exoffenders but that the degree of discrimination varies across occupations. Discrimination against ex-offenders is pronounced in female-dominated and high-skilled occupations. The magnitude of discrimination against exoffenders does not vary by applicants’ sex. The fifth essay, Victimized twice?, describes an analysis of whether male and female crime victims are discriminated against when applying for jobs in the Swedish labor market. This study is the first to consider potential hiring discrimination against crime victims. The results show that employers do discriminate against crime victims. The discrimination varies with the sex of the crime victim and occupational characteristics and is concentrated among high-skilled jobs for female crime victims and among femaledominated jobs for male crime victims.
Download or read book Evaluation for Health Policy and Health Care written by Steven Sheingold and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2019-08-21 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation for Health Policy and Health Care: A Contemporary Data-Driven Approach explores the best practices and applications for producing, synthesizing, visualizing, using, and disseminating health care evaluation research and reports.
Download or read book Empirical Essays on Education and Health written by Reyn Joris Gerard Ewijk and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Empirical Essays on Education and Social Insurance Policies written by Caroline Hall and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Data Driven Policy Impact Evaluation written by Nuno Crato and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the light of better and more detailed administrative databases, this open access book provides statistical tools for evaluating the effects of public policies advocated by governments and public institutions. Experts from academia, national statistics offices and various research centers present modern econometric methods for an efficient data-driven policy evaluation and monitoring, assess the causal effects of policy measures and report on best practices of successful data management and usage. Topics include data confidentiality, data linkage, and national practices in policy areas such as public health, education and employment. It offers scholars as well as practitioners from public administrations, consultancy firms and nongovernmental organizations insights into counterfactual impact evaluation methods and the potential of data-based policy and program evaluation.
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Short and Long Term Influences of Education Health Indicators and Crime on Labor Market Outcomes written by Elisabeth Lång and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of how several individual characteristics, namely education (years of schooling), health indicators (height, weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise), criminal behavior, and crime victimization, influence labor market outcomes in the short and long run. The first part of the thesis consists of three studies in which I adopt a within-twin-pair difference approach to analyze how education, health indicators, and earnings are associated with each other over the life cycle. The second part of the thesis includes two studies in which I use field experiments in order to test the employability of exoffenders and crime victims. The first essay, Learning for life?, describes an analysis of the education premium in earnings and health-related behaviors throughout adulthood among twins. The results show that the education premium in earnings, net of genetic inheritance, is rather small over the life cycle but increases with the level of education. The results also show that the education premium in health-related behaviors is mainly concentrated on smoking habits. The influences of education on earnings and health-related behaviors seem to work independently of each other, and there are no signs that health-related behaviors influence the education premium in earnings or vice versa. The second essay, Blowing up money? , details an analysis of the association between smoking and earnings in two different historical social contexts in Sweden: the 1970s and the 2000s. I also consider possible differences in this association in the short and long run as well as between the sexes. The results show that the earnings penalty for smoking is much stronger in the 2000s as compared to the 1970s (for both sexes) and that it is larger in the long run as compared to the short run (for men). The third essay, Two by two, inch by inch , describes an analysis of the height premium among Swedish twins. The results show that the height premium is relatively constant over the life cycle and that it is larger below median height for men and above median height for young women. The estimates are similar for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, indicating that environmentally and genetically induced height differences are similarly associated with earnings over the life cycle. The fourth essay, The employability of ex-offenders, published in IZA Journal of Labor Policy (2017), 6:6, details an analysis of whether male and female exoffenders are discriminated against when applying for jobs in the Swedish labor market. The results show that employers do discriminate against exoffenders but that the degree of discrimination varies across occupations. Discrimination against ex-offenders is pronounced in female-dominated and high-skilled occupations. The magnitude of discrimination against exoffenders does not vary by applicants’ sex. The fifth essay, Victimized twice?, describes an analysis of whether male and female crime victims are discriminated against when applying for jobs in the Swedish labor market. This study is the first to consider potential hiring discrimination against crime victims. The results show that employers do discriminate against crime victims. The discrimination varies with the sex of the crime victim and occupational characteristics and is concentrated among high-skilled jobs for female crime victims and among femaledominated jobs for male crime victims.
Download or read book Institutions and Governance in Comparative Policy Analysis Studies written by Iris Geva-May and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume Two of the Classics of Comparative Policy Analysis, contains chapters concerned with "Institutions and Governance in Comparative Policy Analysis Studies". They highlight that at the core of any policy making, the different institutions and modes of governance have a significant effect. Questions about the impact of governance have become more central to comparative policy analysis as scholars have given more attention to globalization, organizational cultural differences, policy learning, transfer, and diffusion. The chapters included in this volume tackle the nature of policies and policy analytic practices within and across organizations, actors and institutions as well as among governance modes. The chapters demonstrate the ways in which institutions and governance in the public and private sectors, shape policies, and conversely, how policy choices can shape the institutions associated with them. Other chapters focus on how the diffusion of knowledge and lesson drawing address challenges of policy making, cooperation and harmonization. "Institutions and Governance in Comparative Policy Analysis Studies" will be of great interest to scholars and learners of public policy and social sciences, as well as to practitioners considering what can be reliably contextualized, learned, facilitated or avoided given their own institutional or governance systems. The chapters were originally published as articles in the Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis which in the last two decades has pioneered the development of comparative public policy. The volume is part of a four-volume series, the Classics of Comparative Policy Analysis including Theories and Methods, Institutions and Governance, Regional Comparisons, and Policy Sectors. Each volume also showcases a new chapter comparing interrelated domains of study with comparative public policy: political science, public administration, governance and policy design, authored by JCPA co-editors Giliberto Capano, Iris Geva-May, Michael Howlett, Leslie Pal and B. Guy Peters.
Download or read book Individual Consequences and Public Challenges of Social Change written by Matthias Westphal and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is about the individual consequences and social challenges of two of the most recent social changes that affected industrialized societies - the demographic change and the educational expansion. Each of these social changes is analyzed in one part of this dissertation, which consists of three chapters each. Each chapter aims to identify causal effects, where the innate selection problem is tackled by state-of-the-art microeconometric techniques. The first chapter in the part on the demographic change analyses the intergenerational persistence of health inequalities that are formed before the epidemiological transition. The remaining two chapters of this part are dedicated to one immediate consequence of the demographic transition: the increasing demand for long-term care. In particular, the chapters assess the hidden costs of informal care provision (in terms of reduced labor supply or worse health of the caregiver) and their evolution over time. In the second part, the first chapter identifies non-monetary returns to university education and their heterogeneity, whereas the second chapter looks at how female fertility patterns are affected by a university education. The last chapter evaluates whether the quality of higher secondary education changed in response to the educational expansion. By looking at academic track teachers who made their occupational choice in years and federal states with a different degree of the educational expansion, this chapter identifies the effect the educational expansion had on teacher selection and the resulting effects of these teachers on the test scores of todays students. ; eng
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Development Economics written by Ketki Sheth and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following dissertation evaluates methods to improve the delivery of education and health care in low income countries. In "The Education Gender Gap in Developing Countries : The Role of Female Teachers", joint with Karthik Muralidharan, we add to the limited empirical literature on whether female teachers improve girls' education outcomes in developing countries, a policy frequently advocated. Using a difference-in-difference estimate with fixed effects, we find that teachers are relatively more effective at teaching students of their own gender. However, female teachers are more effective overall, resulting in improvement of girls' test scores by .036 standard deviations per year and a lack of adverse effects for boys. In "The Distributional Consequences of Micro Health Insurance : Can a Pro-Poor Program Prove to be Regressive?", I estimate heterogeneous effects of heath care consumption by poverty status and the related redistribution of premiums. Understanding these effects can inform optimal design of MHI contracts to maximize benefits and reduce unintended adverse effects. I document that poorer households consume significantly less health care at baseline, suggesting MHI may unintentionally lead to poorer households subsidizing wealthier households. But strikingly, twenty months after the introduction of MHI, there is no significant relationship between health care consumption and income among enrolled households. Thus, even though ex-ante health care consumption suggests MHI will result in regressive premium redistribution, ex-post behavior suggests the poor will not subsidize wealthier households. The next two chapters discuss community based micro health insurance (MHI). MHI, insurance targeted at low income populations, has been an increasingly popular policy, though empirical evidence of its effectiveness has been limited. In "Evaluating Health-Seeking Behavior, Utilization of Care, and Health Risk : Evidence from a Community Based Insurance Model in India", I assess the extent to which MHI reduces vulnerability and increases access to health care. I exploit a staggered expansion of MHI in which the villages offered the contract were randomly selected. I fail to find support for increased health-seeking behavior, but find suggestive evidence of reduced health shocks. This suggests the potential of MHI to improve the poor's health and implies strengthened financial sustainability of MHI programs.
Download or read book Essays on Economics of Education and Health Policy written by Bo Wang (Ph. D. in consumer sciences) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preliminary results show that NRPS significantly increased self-reported health status, and the improvement in health condition stems mostly from reducing symptoms caused by minor illness but not from reducing symptoms caused by critical diseases. This study confirms with findings of previous studies that additional pension benefit has a positive effect on health outcomes for the elderly. Moreover, it provides policy implications for the ongoing pension reform in China. The chapter three explores the role of peers from the same country of origin on post-graduation location choices. Doctoral recipients are the main source of international high-skilled labor supply in the U.S. In order to retain high-skilled workers, policy makers need a better understanding about their incentives to choose their long-term career locations after graduation. Unlike prior literature which mainly focused on the impact of demographic characteristics as well as macroeconomic conditions on doctoral students’ career location choices, this project tries to provide a different perspective, shifting the focus from socioeconomic characteristics to the role of PhD research environment. Using the Survey of Earned Doctorates from 1991 to 2018, I implement both linear-in-means model and spatial autoregressive model to answer the question of whether intent-to-stay in the U.S. decisions of peer cohorts from the same country of origin could influence a doctoral student’s own choice for the foreign-born doctoral recipient population. I find strong evidence that doctoral recipient’s own location choice is significantly affected by her peer cohorts from the same country of origin. It suggests that interaction between peers of the same country of origin in PhD programs creates an important information channel through which the post-graduation outcomes could be strongly affected. The findings also suggest that professional job market guidance is needed in order to provide a correct information channel through which PhDs can make better post-graduation decisions.
