Download or read book Empirical Analysis of Fault Seal Capacity for CO2 Sequestration Lower Miocene Texas Gulf Coast written by Andrew Joseph Nicholson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gulf Coast of Texas has been proposed as a high capacity storage region for geologic sequestration of anthropogenic CO2. The Miocene section within the Texas State Waters is an attractive offshore alternative to onshore sequestration. However, the stratigraphic targets of interest highlight a need to utilize fault-bounded structural traps. Regional capacity estimates in this area have previously focused on simple volumetric estimations or more sophisticated fill-to-spill scenarios with faults acting as no-flow boundaries. Capacity estimations that ignore the static and dynamic sealing capacities of faults may therefore be inaccurate. A comprehensive fault seal analysis workflow for CO2-brine membrane fault seal potential has been developed for geologic site selection in the Miocene section of the Texas State Waters. To reduce uncertainty of fault performance, a fault seal calibration has been performed on 6 Miocene natural gas traps in the Texas State Waters in order to constrain the capillary entry pressures of the modeled fault gouge. Results indicate that modeled membrane fault seal capacity for the Lower Miocene section agrees with published global fault seal databases. Faults can therefore serve as effective seals, as suggested by natural hydrocarbon accumulations. However, fault seal capacity is generally an order of magnitude lower than top seal capacity in the same stratigraphic setting, with implications for storage projects. For a specific non-hydrocarbon producing site studied for sequestration (San Luis Pass salt dome setting) with moderately dipping (16°) traps (i.e. high potential column height), membrane fault seal modeling is shown to decrease fault-bound trap area, and therefore storage capacity volume, compared with fill-to-spill modeling. However, using the developed fault seal workflow at other potential storage sites will predict the degree to which storage capacity may approach fill-to-spill capacity, depending primarily on the geology of the fault (shale gouge ratio -- SGR) and the structural relief of the trap.
Download or read book Fault Seal and Containment Failure Analysis of a Lower Miocene Structure in the San Luis Pass Area Offshore Galveston Island Texas Inner Shelf written by Johnathon Lee Osmond and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faults that displace siliciclastic reservoirs have been observed to either seal hydrocarbon accumulations in structural traps or serve as conduits for buoyant fluid migration. While many faults located along the Texas Inner Shelf in the Gulf of Mexico do provide adequate lateral seals for the Lower Miocene petroleum system, oil and gas operators targeting the large antiformal structure roughly 7 mi offshore from San Luis Pass have been highly unsuccessful in discovering commercial amounts of methane gas. Images interpreted from 12 mi2 of high-resolution 3-D seismic reflection data (HR3D) has revealed an apparent gas chimney feature directly above the target structure that previously acquired lower-resolution conventional 3-D data failed to identify. Furthermore, the available seismic data show that the 55,000 foot-long normal growth fault displacing the San Luis Pass structure (Fault A) has propagated into the shallow Late Pleistocene (~140 ka) and younger sediment, suggesting recent movement of the hanging wall block has occurred. These three observations call into questions the ability for Fault A to properly seal and contain hydrocarbon accumulations, assuming the structure was sufficiently charged with methane, similarly to the surrounding Lower Miocene structures that have produced. An analysis of fault seal and potential containment failure mechanisms affecting the San Luis Pass structure is conducted here in order to address how hydrocarbons may have escaped into the shallow overburden sediments. 3-D geologic modeling of the Lower Miocene 2 (LM2) reservoir interval and Amph. B Shale top seal against Fault A yields fill-to-spill closure capacities of approximately 686 ft and 992 ft for the footwall and hanging wall closures, respectively. Fault seal membrane limited methane column height estimations are 300 ft and 325 ft from footwall to hanging wall, and were obtained by way of empirically calibrated equations that attempt to account for capillary entry properties of a fault through the estimation of its clay mineral content using the Shale Gouge Ratio (clay volume/fault throw). Although capacity estimations appear to be geologically reasonable in this region, they fail to explain the lack of hydrocarbons in the system, so four potential across-fault migration and leakage scenarios are considered for the purpose of determining pathways from the reservoir interval to the shallow subsurface. Areas where sandstone on sandstone juxtapositions generally pose the greatest risk of across-fault leakage, and 23 individual Lower Miocene 2 and Middle Miocene (MM) sandstone units juxtaposed against Fault A are evaluated. While the ability of Fault A to seal hydrocarbons may be feasible in static conditions, additional mechanisms evaluated using the available data include: top seal membrane leakage, top seal mechanical failure and fault reactivation mechanisms. Top seal thickness ranges between 500 ft and 1,000 ft in the study area, and analogous Lower Miocene mudstones are shown to retain methane columns of about 936 ft. Data limitations significantly reduce the ability to thoroughly investigate top seal mechanical failure and fault reactivation at this time, however, apparent vertical displacement measurements from overlapping seismic datasets suggest that movement along Fault A continued since it originally formed, and that two pulses of increased throw rate may have occurred in Early Miocene, and the Pleistocene. The apparent Pleistocene throw rates range from 0.010 mm/year to 0.125 mm/year, and are significant because the Early Miocene pulse occurred before the formation of the Amph. B top seal. Thus, it is interpreted that fault reactivation may represent the primary containment failure mechanism for the San Luis Pass structure, and that the increased apparent throw rate in the Pleistocene may symbolize a period of hydrocarbon leakage from the LM2 reservoir interval.
Download or read book Integrated Fault Seal Analysis written by S. Ogilvie and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2020-08-03 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faults commonly trap fluids such as hydrocarbons and water and therefore are of economic significance. During hydrocarbon field development, smaller faults can provide baffles and/or conduits to flow. There are relatively simple, well established workflows to carry out a fault seal analysis for siliciclastic rocks based primarily on clay content. There are, however, outstanding challenges related to other rock types, to calibrating fault seal models (with static and dynamic data) and to handling uncertainty. The variety of studies presented here demonstrate the types of data required and workflows followed in today’s environment in order to understand the uncertainties, risks and upsides associated with fault-related fluid flow. These studies span all parts of the hydrocarbon value chain from exploration to production but are also of relevance for other industries such as radioactive waste and CO2 containment.
Download or read book Fault Seal Analysis for CO2 Storage written by David J. Richey and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geologic storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) by injection into underground porous sandstone reservoirs has been proposed as a method for the reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Upwards migration and leakage of injected fluids along natural fault and fracture networks is a key risk factor for potential injection locations. We examine exposed natural analogs to evaluate the impacts of faulting and fracturing on reservoir and top-seal pairs and to evaluate evidence for paleomigration of fluids along the fault zone. We examine the Iron Wash fault, a 25-km long normal fault which cuts Jurassic sedimentary rocks and has throws that range from 20-120 m, to examine how a fault may affect seal integrity. Field mapping, kinematic analysis, petrographic analysis, characterization of the fault zone facies and fault architecture, analysis of altered and mineralized rocks in and around the fault zone, and modeling of fault seal capacity was conducted to provide an understanding of the Iron Wash fault zone. Field data and observations were combined with well log and borehole data to produce three types of models for the Iron Wash fault: 1) geometric model of the fault in the subsurface, 2) predictive models of fault zone behavior and fault seal analysis, and 3) predictive geomechanical models of the response of the fault zone to an imposed stress field and increasing the effective stress on the fault. We conclude that the Iron Wash fault zone has low sealing capacity and will likely not behave as a seal for fluids against the fault zone due primarily to modest throw on the fault and high frequency of fractures associated with the fault zone. Analysis of fluid alteration and mineralization around the fault zone indicates that the fault zone was conduit for paleo-fluids. We conclude that the fault is not likely to develop a sealing membrane and therefore will most likely fail as a seal to fluids moving through the reservoirs modeled here. Modeling results indicate that a reduction in the effective normal stress on fault surfaces may induce failure of faults resulting in earthquakes or increased hydraulic conductivity of fractures.
Download or read book Evaluating Fault and Cap Rock Seals written by Peter Boult and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Fault Seal Potential for Knox Reservoirs in the Southern Illinois Basin written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of known faults near potential geologic CO2 sequestration sites significantly raises the uncertainty of having a sufficient seal to prevent leakage along the fault plane from the intended reservoir. In regions where relocating a large sequestration project a considerable distance away from any known faults is impractical, a detailed analysis of the sealing potential of any faults within the projected future injection plume must be performed. In order to estimate the sealing potential of faults within the Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician Knox Supergroup in the Illinois Basin, two well-based cross sections were produced across two different regional fault systems (Rough Creek Fault Zone in Kentucky, and the unnamed core fault of the LaSalle Anticlinorium in Illinois) to calculate subsurface stratigraphic juxtapositions across each fault zone. Using this stratigraphic and lithologic data, three different algorithms were used to calculate the sealing potential of a theoretical Knox reservoir at each section location. These results indicate a high probability for sealing within the Rough Creek Fault Zone, but a much lower probability for a continuous seal within the LaSalle Anticlinorium.
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery Potential and Sequestration Capacity in the Gulf Coast written by Vanessa Nunez-Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Order Stratigraphic Framework of Intraslope Growth Faulted Subbasins Offshore Matagorda Bay Texas written by John D. Franey and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is currently one of the leading atmospheric emission mitigation technologies. To have meaningful impact on the atmosphere CO2 concentrations, megatons (106) of CO2 must be removed from the carbon cycle permanently. This requires a subsurface geologic storage sites that are both volumetrically significant and secure over geologic time-scales. The northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) has the ability to serve as a major location for CCS. Miocene strandplain systems in the GOM are an ideal stratigraphy for such storage due to their proximity to emissions sources, quality sand reservoirs, and depth relative to overpressure. This study focuses on a suite of strike parallel subbasins within the Lower Miocene offshore Matagorda Bay, TX. Each subbasin has potential to serve as a future carbon sequestration site. Accurate mapping of subbasins’ stratigraphy is necessary to understand the variable thickness and associated risk of reservoir-sealing shale intervals, recognizing that injection beneath thicker, more uniformly distributed shales is more favorable. These intervals must be mapped at high resolution (4th order cyclicity) to understand the individual components in assessment and risk analysis. This research generates a novel dip-steered seismic volume which is leveraged to improve seismic attribute calculations and mapping at the 4th order. The dip-steered seismic volume records the seismic dip in the inline and crossline direction of seismic features at the intersection of every inline, crossline, and seismic sample. This volume is used to generate a model of dense, 3D, auto-tracked horizons across each subbasin. The models better connect high resolution, but sparse, well log data and low resolution, but continuous, seismic data. Thickness distributions and shale interval maps generated from the models aid in risk assessment. Based on the resulting shale thicknesses, the suite of subbasins should be further considered as future storage sites
Download or read book Fault Seal Analysis in Jasmine Field Norther Part of Pattani Basin Gulf of Thailand written by Chutimon Pakdeesirote and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Jasmine Field is located in the Northern part of Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand. The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the possibility of fault sealing in the Jasmine A area by using well data and seismic interpretation from selected reservoir sand horizons, within a total interval thickness of approximately 1680 ft (512 m). These data were used for constructing depth structure maps, net-sand (isopach) maps, the model cross section of Allan diagram and Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) calculation. In addition, these data were also used to investigate potential of fault sealing. From Allan diagram, the two analyzed faults in Jasmine A area have an effective capacity in sealing hydrocarbon and can be the entrapment of hydrocarbon accumulation in the area with different juxtaposed units. However, some sections have leakage potential where each horizon is juxtaposed against one another across the fault. As seen in the SGR calculation and the across-fault pressure difference estimation, the results confirm seal capacity and show the threshold for static hydrocarbon sealing. Furthermore, the methodology and the result in this research can be applied to predict the fault seal capacity in other areas of similar lithologies and structures and help to evaluate the potential in hydrocarbon accumulation.
Download or read book Understanding Oil and Gas Shows and Seals in the Search for Hydrocarbons written by John Dolson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-15 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains in detail how to use oil and gas show information to find hydrocarbons. It covers the basics of exploration methodologies, drilling and mud systems, cuttings and mud gas show evaluation, fundamental log analysis, the pitfalls of log-calculated water saturations, and a complete overview of the use of pressures to understand traps and migration, hydrodynamics, and seal and reservoir quantification using capillary pressure. Also included are techniques for quickly generating pseudo-capillary pressure curves from simple porosity/permeability data, with examples of how to build spreadsheets in Excel, and a complete treatment of fluid inclusion analysis and fluid inclusion stratigraphy to map migration pathways. In addition, petroleum systems modeling and fundamental source rock geochemistry are discussed in depth, particularly in the context of unconventional source rock evaluation and screening tools for entering new plays. The book is heavily illustrated with numerous examples and case histories from the author’s 37 years of exploration experience. The topics covered in this book will give any young geoscientist a quick start on a successful career and serve as a refresher for the more experienced explorer.
Download or read book Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide CO2 written by J Gluyas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide, in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields or unminable coal seams, represents one of the most important processes for reducing humankind’s emissions of greenhouse gases. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). Part one provides an overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2. Chapters discuss anthropogenic climate change and the role of CCS, the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2, the monitoring of geological storage of CO2, and the role of pressure in CCS. Chapters in part two move on to explore the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and public engagement in projects, and the legal framework for CCS. Finally, part three focuses on a variety of different projects and includes case studies of offshore CO2 storage at Sleipner natural gas field beneath the North Sea, the CO2CRC Otway Project in Australia, on-shore CO2 storage at the Ketzin pilot site in Germany, and the K12-B CO2 injection project in the Netherlands. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a comprehensive resource for geoscientists and geotechnical engineers and academics and researches interested in the field. Reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) An overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2 discussing the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2 among other subjects Explores the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and the legal framework for CCS
Download or read book Reservoir Characterization written by Larry Lake and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reservoir Characterization is a collection of papers presented at the Reservoir Characterization Technical Conference, held at the Westin Hotel-Galleria in Dallas on April 29-May 1, 1985. Conference held April 29-May 1, 1985, at the Westin Hotel—Galleria in Dallas. The conference was sponsored by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Reservoir characterization is a process for quantitatively assigning reservoir properties, recognizing geologic information and uncertainties in spatial variability. This book contains 19 chapters, and begins with the geological characterization of sandstone reservoir, followed by the geological prediction of shale distribution within the Prudhoe Bay field. The subsequent chapters are devoted to determination of reservoir properties, such as porosity, mineral occurrence, and permeability variation estimation. The discussion then shifts to the utility of a Bayesian-type formalism to delineate qualitative ""soft"" information and expert interpretation of reservoir description data. This topic is followed by papers concerning reservoir simulation, parameter assignment, and method of calculation of wetting phase relative permeability. This text also deals with the role of discontinuous vertical flow barriers in reservoir engineering. The last chapters focus on the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on oil reservoir. Petroleum engineers, scientists, and researchers will find this book of great value.
Download or read book Petroleum Formation and Occurrence written by B.P. Tissot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current and authoritative with many advanced concepts for petroleum geologists, geochemists, geophysicists, or engineers engaged in the search for or production of crude oil and natural gas, or interested in their habitats and the factors that control them, this book is an excellent reference. It is recommended without reservation. AAPG Bulletin.
Download or read book Natural Gas Seepage written by Giuseppe Etiope and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a modern, comprehensive, and holistic view of natural gas seepage, defined as the visible or invisible flow of gaseous hydrocarbons from subsurface sources to Earth’s surface. Beginning with definitions, classifications for onshore and offshore seepage, and fundamentals on gas migration mechanisms, the book reports the latest findings for the global distribution of gas seepage and describes detection methods. Seepage implications are discussed in relation to petroleum exploration, environmental impacts (hazards, pollution, atmospheric emissions, and past climate change), emerging scientific issues (abiotic gas and methane on Mars), and the role of seeps in ancient cultures. With an updated bibliography and an integrated analysis of available data, the book offers a new fundamental awareness - gas seepage is more widespread than previously thought and influences all of Earth’s external “spheres”, including the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere.
Download or read book Seismic Attributes for Prospect Identification and Reservoir Characterization written by Satinder Chopra and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing the physical basis, mathematical implementation, and geologic expression of modern volumetric attributes including coherence, dip/azimuth, curvature, amplitude gradients, seismic textures, and spectral decomposition, the authors demonstrate the importance of effective colour display and sensitivity to seismic acquisition and processing.
Download or read book Petroleum Geoscience written by Jon G. Gluyas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum Geoscience is a comprehensive introduction to the application of geology and geophysics to the search for and production of oil and gas. Uniquely, this book is structured to reflect the sequential and cyclical processes of exploration, appraisal, development and production. Chapters dedicated to each of these aspects are further illustrated by case histories drawn from the authors' experiences. Petroleum Geoscience has a global and 'geo-temporal' backdrop, drawing examples and case histories from around the world and from petroleum systems ranging in age from late-Pre-Cambrian to Pliocene. In order to show how geoscience is integrated at all levels within the industry, the authors stress throughout the links between geology and geophysics on the one hand, and drilling, reservoir engineering, petrophysics, petroleum engineering, facilities design, and health, safety and the environment on the other. Petroleum Geoscience is designed as a practical guide, with the basic theory augmented by case studies from a wide spread of geographical locations. Covers all the key aspects of the origin of petroleum, exploration, and production. It takes account of the modern emphasis on the efficient utilisation of reserves, on new methods in exploration (such as 3-D seismics). Book takes 'value-chain' approach to Petroleum Geoscience. First new text on petroleum geology for geology undergraduates to be published in the last ten years. Packed full of real-life case studies from Petroleum industry.
Download or read book The Geology of Stratigraphic Sequences written by Andrew D. Miall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequence stratigraphy represents a new paradigm in geology. The principal hypothesis is that stratigraphie successions may be subdivided into discrete sequences bounded by widespread unconformities. There are two parts to this hypothesis. First, it suggests that the driving forces which generate sequences and their bounding unconformities also generate predietable three-dimensional stratigraphies. In re cent years stratigraphie research guided by sequence models has brought about fundamental im provements in our understanding of stratigraphie processes and the controls of basin architecture. Sequence models have provided a powerful framework for mapping and numerieal modeling, enabling the science of stratigraphy to advance with rapid strides. This research has demonstrated the importance of a wide range of processes for the generation of cyclie sequences, including eustasy, tectonics, and orbital forcing of climate change. The main objective of this book is to document the sequence record and to discuss our current state of knowledge about sequence-generating processes.
