Download or read book Emission estimation based on traffic models and measurements written by Nikolaos Tsanakas and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion increases travel times, but also results in higher energy usage and vehicular emissions. To evaluate the impact of traffic emissions on environment and human health, the accurate estimation of their rates and location is required. Traffic emission models can be used for estimating emissions, providing emission factors in grams per vehicle and kilometre. Emission factors are defined for specific traffic situations, and traffic data is necessary in order to determine these traffic situations along a traffic network. The required traffic data, which consists of average speed and flow, can be obtained either from traffic models or sensor measurements. In large urban areas, the collection of cross-sectional data from stationary sensors is a costefficient method of deriving traffic data for emission modelling. However, the traditional approaches of extrapolating this data in time and space may not accurately capture the variations of the traffic variables when congestion is high, affecting the emission estimation. Static transportation planning models, commonly used for the evaluation of infrastructure investments and policy changes, constitute an alternative efficient method of estimating the traffic data. Nevertheless, their static nature may result in an inaccurate estimation of dynamic traffic variables, such as the location of congestion, having a direct impact on emission estimation. Congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, and since emissions have location specific effects, the location of congestion becomes a crucial aspect. Therefore, the derivation of traffic data for emission modelling usually relies on the simplified, traditional approaches. The aim of this thesis is to identify, quantify and finally reduce the potential errors that these traditional approaches introduce in an emission estimation analysis. According to our main findings, traditional approaches may be sufficient for analysing pollutants with global effects such as CO2, or for large-scale emission modelling applications such as emission inventories. However, for more temporally and spatially sensitive applications, such as dispersion and exposure modelling, a more detailed approach is needed. In case of cross-sectional measurements, we suggest and evaluate the use of a more detailed, but computationally more expensive, data extrapolation approach. Additionally, considering the inabilities of static models, we propose and evaluate the post-processing of their results, by applying quasi-dynamic network loading.

Download or read book Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Commercial Buildings written by Cuong N. N. Tran and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-07-12 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a model to evaluate and assess life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions based on typical Australian commercial building design options. It also draws comparisons between some of the many green building rating tools that have been developed worldwide to support sustainable development. These include: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC), Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) by the Building Research Establishment, Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE) by the Japanese Sustainable Building Consortium, and Green Star Environmental Rating System by the Green Building Council of Australia. Life-cycle assessment (LCA), life-cycle energy consumption, and life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions form the three pillars of life-cycle studies, which have been used to evaluate environmental impacts of building construction. Assessment of the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of buildings is one of the significant obstacles in evaluating green building performance. This book explains the methodology for achieving points for the categories associated with reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the Australian Green Star rating system. The model for the assessment uses GaBi 8.7 platform along with Visual Basic in Microsoft Excel and shows the relationship between the building’s energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions released during the lifetime of the building. The data gathered in the book also illustrates that the green building design and specifications are becoming more popular and are being increasingly utilized in Australia. This book is important reading for anyone interested in sustainable construction, green design and buildings and LCA tools.

Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book AEROS Manual Series written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Monitoring and Data Analysis Division and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 2834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fundamentals of Automotive Technology written by Kirk VanGelder and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 1884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive technicians must learn how to safely and effectively maintain, diagnose, and repair every system on the automobile. Fundamentals of Automotive Technology provides students with the critical knowledge and essential skills to master these tasks successfully. With a focus on clarity and accuracy, the Second Edition offers students and instructors a single source of unparalleled coverage for every task from MLR through MAST. Fully updated and reorganized, the revised format enhances student comprehension and encourages critical thinking.

Download or read book Indexes written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1998 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 2000-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alternative Control Techniques Document written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1996 written by United States. Energy Information Administration and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report summaries written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book EPA Reports Bibliography written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1987 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book EPA National Publications Catalog written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book EPA 450 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-12 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: