Download or read book Embodied Carbon Tariffs written by Christoph Boehringer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we investigate the economic and environmental impacts of tariffs on carbon embodied in trade. We find that carbon tariffs do reduce foreign emissions, but their ability to improve global cost-effectiveness of unilateral climate policy is quite limited - even if tariff rates are based on more sophisticated second-best considerations. If carbon tariffs are levied on the full carbon content of traded goods, they can even increase rather than decrease the global cost of emission reduction. The main effect of carbon tariffs is to shift the economic burden of developed-world climate policies to the developing world.
Download or read book Embodied Carbon Tariffs written by Christoph Böhringer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world where the prospects of a global agreement to control greenhouse gas emissions are bleak, the idea of using trade policy as an implicit regulation of foreign emission sources has gained many supporters in countries contemplating unilateral climate policies. Embodied carbon tariffs tax the direct and indirect carbon emissions embodied in imported goods. The appeal seems obvious: as OECD countries are, on average, large net importers of embodied emissions from non-OECD countries, carbon tariffs could substantially extend the reach of OECD climate policies. We investigate this claim by simulating the effects of embodied carbon tariffs with a computable general equilibrium model of global trade and energy use. We find that embodied carbon tariffs do effectively reduce carbon leakage. However, the scope for improvements in the global cost-effectiveness of unilateral climate policy is limited. The main welfare effect of the tariffs is to shift the burden of OECD climate policy to the developing world.
Download or read book Carbon Tariffs Revisited written by Christoph Böhringer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Designs for Tariffs on Embodied Carbon written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade in Carbon and the Effectiveness of Carbon Tariffs written by Christoph Böhringer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-based import tariffs are discussed as policy measures to reduce carbon leakage and increase the global cost-effectiveness of unilateral CO2 emission pricing. We assess how the potential of carbon tariffs to increase cost-effectiveness of unilateral climate policy depends on the magnitude and composition of carbon embodied in trade. For our assessment, we combine multi-region input-output (MRIO) analysis with computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis based on data from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) for the period 1995 to 2007. The MRIO analysis confirms that carbon embodied in trade has sharply increased during this period. Yet, the CGE analysis suggests that the effectiveness of carbon tariffs in reducing leakage and improving global-cost effectiveness of unilateral climate policy does not increase over time, whereas the potential to shift the economic burden of CO2 emissions reduction from abating developed regions to non-abating developing regions increases substantially.
Download or read book Targeted Carbon Tariffs written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Pricing What Role for Border Carbon Adjustments written by Ian W.H. Parry and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Climate Note discusses the rationale, design, and impacts of border carbon adjustments (BCAs), charges on embodied carbon in imports potentially matched by rebates for embodied carbon in exports. Large disparities in carbon pricing between countries is raising concerns about competitiveness and emissions leakage, and BCAs are a potentially effective instrument for addressing such concerns. Design details are critical, however. For example, limiting coverage of the BCA to energy-intensive, trade-exposed industries facilitates administration, and initially benchmarking BCAs on domestic emissions intensities would help ease the transition for emissions-intensive trading partners. It is also important to consider how to apply BCAs across countries with different approaches to emissions mitigation. BCAs are challenging because they pose legal risks and may be at odds with the differentiated responsibilities of developing countries. Furthermore, BCAs provide only modest incentives for other large emitting countries to scale carbon pricing—an international carbon price floor would be far more effective in this regard.
Download or read book The Strategic Value of Carbon Tariffs written by Christoph Böhringer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT MECHANISM OF CARBON TARIFF AND CARBON LABELING ON AGRI TRADE AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION written by Chuanmin SHUAI and published by American Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses on the Impact Mechanism of Carbon Tariffs and Carbon Labeling on Agri-trade and Emissions Reduction. Specifically, (1) it has analyzed the effect of carbon tariffs on Agri-trade and emissions reduction based on the hypothesis of carbon factor movement and the game theory, and built a Theoretical Model for carbon labeling to lead low-carbon behavior based on the international practices; (2) it simulated the impact of carbon tariffs on world's macro-economy and Agri-trade in China and worldwide using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model; (3) it has made the first attempt to see the differences of willingness to pay for low-carbon products, purchasing behavior and expectations for government subsidies between consumers of different regions at different levels in China, by adopting questionnaire survey and scenario experiment; and (4) it has done an empirical analysis of carbon labels’ effect on low carbon consumption behavior based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and experimental observation data with large samples. Finally, it has proposed policy recommendations based on the findings of the above theoretic and empirical studies.
Download or read book Environmental Economics Research And China s Green Development Strategy written by Youguo Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses several important issues in the practice of China's green development. It analyzes the carbon mitigation, water conservation and environmental pollution from the perspectives of economic development, technological change, production and demand. The book uses various quantitative methods to reveal the pathways of China's green development. The methods include Log Mean Divisia Index, input-output analysis, structural decomposition analysis, data envelope analysis, econometric methods and computable general equilibrium model. The findings, discussions and policy implications of this book contribute to the theory and policy studies in China's green development.
Download or read book Implementing Carbon Tariffs written by Michael O. Moore and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Carbon Tariffs and Climate Clubs Can Slow Global Warming written by Shantayanan Devarajan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Tariffs written by Mario Larch and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book United States Proposed Carbon Tariffs World Trade Organization Scrutiny and China s Responses written by ZhongXiang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Implementing Carbon Tariffs written by Michael Moore and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some governments are considering taxes on imports based on carbon content from countries that have not introduced climate change policies. Such carbon border taxes appeal to domestic industries facing higher charges for their own carbon emissions. This research demonstrates that there are enormous practical difficulties surrounding such plans. Various policies are evaluated according to World Trade Organization compliance, administrative plausibility, help in meeting environmental goals, and ability to deal with domestic pressures. The steel industry is used as a case study in this analysis. All considered policies arguably fail to meet at least one of these constraints, bringing into question the plausibility that a carbon border tax can be practical policy.
Download or read book How Large are the Impacts of Carbon Motivated Border Tax Adjustments written by Yan Dong and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper discusses the size of impact of carbon motivated border tax adjustments on world trade. We report numerical simulation results which suggest that impacts on welfare, trade, and emissions will likely be small. This is because proposed measures use carbon emissions in the importing country in producing goods similar to imports rather than carbon content in calculating the size of barriers. Moreover, because border adjustments involve both tariffs and export rebates, it is the differences in emissions intensity across sector rather than emissions level which matters. Where there is no difference in emissions intensities across sectors, Lerner symmetry holds for the border adjustment and no relative effects occur. In our numerical simulation analyses border tax adjustments accompany carbon emission reduction commitments made either unilaterally, or as part of a global treaty and to be applied against non signatories. We use a four-region (US, EU, China, ROW) general equilibrium structure which captures energy trade and has endogenously determined energy supply so that global emissions can change with policy changes. We calibrate our model to 2006 data and analyze the potential impacts of both EU and US carbon pricing at various levels, either along with or without carbon motivated BTAs policies on welfare, emissions, trade flows and production. Results indicate only small impacts of these measures on global emissions, trade and welfare, but the signs of effects are as expected. BTAs alleviate leakage effects as expected. In trade impacts, compared with no BTAs, BTAs reduce imports of committing countries, and increase imports by other countries. EU and US BTAs against China reduce exports by China. With BTAs, the value of production in the country with carbon reduction measures are introduced increases, and other country's production decreases compared with the case of no BTAs. With the contraction of world trade flows caused by the financial crisis, carbon motivated BTAs offer a prospect of a compounding effect in a world which is going protectionist and decarbonized at the same time, but the added effects of BTAs seems small"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Download or read book The Effect of Carbon Tariffs on UK Food Trade and Its Carbon Emissions written by Elena Benedetti and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in global trade has contributed to the integration of domestic economies worldwide into a single global economy. Despite the welfare benefits from global trade, concerns remain regarding the impact of trade on the environment, particularly on global environmental threats like greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. At a domestic level, carbon tariffs can be used to reduce global carbon emissions. In this article, we test the ex-ante effects of a carbon tariff on food imports and carbon emissions. We model UK food imports from the EU using a gravity model, and micro-simulate the border impact of a tariff proportional to the carbon emission of each food category. Results shows that the UK carbon tariffs would cut annual UK emissions by 37.5 MtCO2e, driven mainly by reductions of meat, dairy, and cereals products, where domestic production is sufficient to meet demand in the absence of trade. The tariff would also partly improve the nutritional profile of diets and health of the population. Implications of these findings are discussed.
