Download or read book Embedded multiprocessor architectures for automative driver assistance systems written by Jehangir Khan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les accidents de véhicules automobiles sont responsables du plus grand nombre de décès dans le monde. Les chercheurs, les constructeurs automobiles et les autorités gouvernementales internationales sont continuellement à la recherche de solutions pour résoudre ce problème. La recherche a montré que la moitié des accidents peut être évitée si le conducteur est alerté d'une collision imminente une fraction de seconde à l'avance. Un mécanisme d'alerte d'un danger proche est appelé Driver Assistance Systems (DAS). Les statistiques montrent qu'une grande majorité des accidents de véhicules se passent à la suite d'une collision frontale. Minimiser les collisions frontales devrait donc diminuer considérablement les accidents de la route. Pour prévoir une collision frontale suffisamment à l'avance, l'obstacle doit être détecté à distance. En outre, pour que le système d’aide à la conduite soit réellement efficace, une collision imminente doit être prévue en tenant compte de toutes les circonstances : par exemple plus il fait mauvais, plus ce système est nécessaire. Un capteur radar remplit les conditions préalables de détection d'obstacles à longue portée en tenant compte des conditions météorologiques. Pour déterminer si un obstacle se trouve sur une trajectoire de collision avec le véhicule équipé, sa trajectoire doit être prévue avant qu'il n’arrive près du véhicule concerné. La détermination de la trajectoire d'un objet en mouvement exige que son comportement dynamique soit suivi sur une période de temps. Dans un scénario de trafic réel, plus d'un obstacle peut être considéré comme un danger, c’est pourquoi les trajectoires d'objets multiples doivent être surveillées simultanément. Un appareil capable d'assurer de telles fonctions est appelé un système de suivi d’obstacles multiples (Multiple Target Tracking : MTT). Dans cette thèse nous proposons un système d’aide à la conduite original utilisant les principes du MTT pour suivre la dynamique d’obstacles situés à plus d’une centaine de mètres et pour éviter une collision avec le véhicule équipé. En théorie, un tel système offre une des meilleures réponses au problème des accidents de la route, mais sa mise en œuvre reste difficile à réaliser. Elle implique des calculs complexes et, par conséquent, les besoins de traitement prennent du temps. Cependant, pour aviser le conducteur d'un danger imminent en temps réel, les calculs doivent être effectués très rapidement. Nous avons alors opté pour une solution optimale utilisant des processeurs afin de partager la charge de calcul et de réduire ainsi le temps de traitement. Les processeurs multiples fonctionnant en parallèle permettent non seulement d'accélérer le calcul, mais aussi d’optimiser la consommation d’énergie du système embarqué. Nous utilisons des FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) comme plateforme de mise en œuvre de notre système multiprocesseur. Les FPGA offrent la souplesse nécessaire pour les systèmes embarqués en constante évolution et sont très rentables. Un système multiprocesseur réalisé dans un FPGA rend son architecture flexible et reconfigurable et les processeurs peuvent être reprogrammés si nécessaire. Ainsi les systèmes multiprocesseurs à base de FPGA garantissent une souplesse du matériel ainsi que des logiciels, et par conséquent ces systèmes deviennent facilement évolutifs (scalables). Nous optimisons l'architecture du système afin de minimiser la taille du matériel tout en respectant les délais en temps réel de l’application. La minimisation du matériel ne conduit pas seulement à réduire la consommation d'énergie du système, mais nous permet aussi d'adapter le système dans un FPGA plus réduit, ce qui joue un rôle important dans la réduction du coût du système.

Download or read book Towards a Common Software Hardware Methodology for Future Advanced Driver Assistance Systems written by Holger Blume and published by River Publishers. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European research project DESERVE (DEvelopment platform for Safe and Efficient dRiVE, 2012-2015) had the aim of designing and developing a platform tool to cope with the continuously increasing complexity and the simultaneous need to reduce cost for future embedded Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). For this purpose, the DESERVE platform profits from cross-domain software reuse, standardization of automotive software component interfaces, and easy but safety-compliant integration of heterogeneous modules. This enables the development of a new generation of ADAS applications, which challengingly combine different functions, sensors, actuators, hardware platforms, and Human Machine Interfaces (HMI). This book presents the different results of the DESERVE project concerning the ADAS development platform, test case functions, and validation and evaluation of different approaches. The reader is invited to substantiate the content of this book with the deliverables published during the DESERVE project. Technical topics discussed in this book include: Modern ADAS development platforms; Design space exploration;DRIVER MODELLING;Video-based and Radar-based ADAS functions;HMI for ADAS;Vehicle-hardware-in-the-loop validation systems

Download or read book Automotive Embedded Systems written by M. Kathiresh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-24 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of the recent technologies and innovations in the field of automotive embedded systems with a special mention to the role of Internet of Things in automotive systems. The book provides easy interpretable explanations for the key technologies involved in automotive embedded systems. The authors illustrate various diagnostics over internet protocol and over-the-air update process, present advanced driver assistance systems, discuss various cyber security issues involved in connected cars, and provide necessary information about Autosar and Misra coding standards. The book is relevant to academics, professionals, and researchers.

Download or read book Algorithm SoC Design for Automotive Vision Systems written by Jaeseok Kim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An emerging trend in the automobile industry is its convergence with information technology (IT). Indeed, it has been estimated that almost 90% of new automobile technologies involve IT in some form. Smart driving technologies that improve safety as well as green fuel technologies are quite representative of the convergence between IT and automobiles. The smart driving technologies include three key elements: sensing of driving environments, detection of objects and potential hazards and the generation of driving control signals including warning signals. Although radar-based systems are primarily used for sensing the driving environments, the camera has gained importance in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). This book covers system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs—including both algorithms and hardware—related with image sensing and object detection by using the camera for smart driving systems. It introduces a variety of algorithms such as lens correction, super resolution, image enhancement and object detections from the images captured by low-cost vehicle camera. This is followed by implementation issues such as SoC architecture, hardware accelerator, software development environment and reliability techniques for automobile vision systems. This book is aimed for the new and practicing engineers in automotive and chip-design industries to provide some overall guidelines for the development of automotive vision systems. It will also help graduate students understand and get started for the research work in this field.

Download or read book Design Concepts for a Virtualizable Embedded MPSoC Architecture written by Alexander Biedermann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexander Biedermann presents a generic hardware-based virtualization approach, which may transform an array of any off-the-shelf embedded processors into a multi-processor system with high execution dynamism. Based on this approach, he highlights concepts for the design of energy aware systems, self-healing systems as well as parallelized systems. For the latter, the novel so-called Agile Processing scheme is introduced by the author, which enables a seamless transition between sequential and parallel execution schemes. The design of such virtualizable systems is further aided by introduction of a dedicated design framework, which integrates into existing, commercial workflows. As a result, this book provides comprehensive design flows for the design of embedded multi-processor systems-on-chip.

Download or read book Machine Learning and Embedded Computing in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ADAS written by John Ball and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the latest research on machine learning and embedded computing in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). It encompasses research in detection, tracking, LiDAR and camera processing, ethics, and communications. Several new datasets are also provided for future research work. Researchers and others interested in these topics will find important advances contained in this book.

Download or read book Automotive Embedded Systems Handbook written by Nicolas Navet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Clear Outline of Current Methods for Designing and Implementing Automotive Systems Highlighting requirements, technologies, and business models, the Automotive Embedded Systems Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of existing and future automotive electronic systems. It presents state-of-the-art methodological and technical solutions in the areas of in-vehicle architectures, multipartner development processes, software engineering methods, embedded communications, and safety and dependability assessment. Divided into four parts, the book begins with an introduction to the design constraints of automotive-embedded systems. It also examines AUTOSAR as the emerging de facto standard and looks at how key technologies, such as sensors and wireless networks, will facilitate the conception of partially and fully autonomous vehicles. The next section focuses on networks and protocols, including CAN, LIN, FlexRay, and TTCAN. The third part explores the design processes of electronic embedded systems, along with new design methodologies, such as the virtual platform. The final section presents validation and verification techniques relating to safety issues. Providing domain-specific solutions to various technical challenges, this handbook serves as a reliable, complete, and well-documented source of information on automotive embedded systems.

Download or read book Architecture Informatique Temps r el Pour V hicules Avanc s written by Khaled Chaaban and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis falls in the field of embedded real-time systems, and more precisely the in-vehicle embedded software for the evaluation of the next generation of driving assistance systems (ADAS). This document presents the three principal axes of the thesis : first, the development of a dynamic reconfigurable middleware called SCOOT-R ; second, the development of distributed real-time scheduling strategies in order to schedule SCOOT-R operations with the main goal of end-to-end QoS guarantee. Finally, the development of feedback-based scheduling schemes to schedule driving assistance systems. The adaptation in this scheme is carried out according to the current driving situation and the driver behavior, which will further lead to the change of the associated driving assistance function's criticalness.

Download or read book A Distributed Real Time Architecture for Advanced Vehicles written by Khaled Chaaban and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work of this thesis falls in the field of the embedded real-time computer systems, more precisely the embedded software in the vehicles for the emergent driving assistance systems. The thesis work was supported by the European project (RoadSense) whose objective was the evaluation of the driving assistance systems (ADAS) for the next generations of vehicles. The three principal axes of the thesis are: First, the development of a dynamic reconfigurable middleware called SCOOT-R. Second, the development of end-to-end real-time scheduling strategies in order to schedule SCOOT-R operations with the main goal of end-to-end QoS guarantee. Finally, the development of feedback-based scheduling schemes to schedule driving assistance systems. The adaptation in this scheme is carried out according to the current driving situation and the driver behavior, which will further lead to the change of the associated driving assistance function's criticalness.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Embedded Systems Design written by Bagnato, Alessandra and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As real-time and integrated systems become increasingly sophisticated, issues related to development life cycles, non-recurring engineering costs, and poor synergy between development teams will arise. The Handbook of Research on Embedded Systems Design provides insights from the computer science community on integrated systems research projects taking place in the European region. This premier references work takes a look at the diverse range of design principles covered by these projects, from specification at high abstraction levels using standards such as UML and related profiles to intermediate design phases. This work will be invaluable to designers of embedded software, academicians, students, practitioners, professionals, and researchers working in the computer science industry.

Download or read book Embedded Multiprocessor System on Chip for Access Network Processing written by Mohamed Bamakhrama and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Computer Science - Applied, grade: 1.0, Technical University of Munich (Institute for Informatics), 82 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Multicore systems are dominating the processor market; they enable the increase in computing power of a single chip in proportion to the Moore's law-driven increase in number of transistors. A similar evolution is observed in the system-on-chip (SoC) market through the emergence of multi-processor SoC (MPSoC) designs. Nevertheless, MPSoCs introduce some challenges to the system architects concerning the efficient design of memory hierarchies and system interconnects while maintaining the low power and cost constraints. In this master thesis, I try to address some of these challenges: namely, non-cache coherent DMA transfers in MPSoCs, low instruction cache utilization by OS codes, and factors governing the system throughput in MPSoC designs. These issues are investigated using the empirical and simulation approaches. Empirical studies are conducted on the Danube platform. Danube is a commercial MPSoC platform that is based on two 32-bit MIPS cores and developed by Infineon Technologies AG for deployment in access network processing equipments such as integrated access devices, customer premises equipments, and home gateways. Simulation-based studies are conducted on a system based on the ARM MPCore architecture. Achievements include the successful implementation and testing of novel hardware and software solutions for improving the performance of non-cache coherent DMA transfers in MPSoCs. Several techniques for reducing the instruction cache miss rate are investigated and applied. Finally, a qualitative analysis of the impact of instruction reuse, number of cores, and memory bandwidth on the system throughput in MPSoC systems is presented.

Download or read book Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2014 written by Jan Fischer-Wolfarth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automobile is going through the biggest transformation in its history. Automation and electrification of vehicles are expected to enable safer and cleaner mobility. The prospects and requirements of the future automobile affect innovations in major technology fields like driver assistance systems, vehicle networking and drivetrain development. Smart systems such as adaptive ICT components and MEMS devices, novel network architectures, integrated sensor systems, intelligent interfaces and functional materials form the basis of these features and permit their successful and synergetic integration. It has been the mission of the International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA) for more than fifteen years to detect novel trends and to discuss the technological implications from early on. Therefore, the topic of the AMAA 2014 will be “Smart Systems for Safe, Clean and Automated Vehicles”. This book contains peer-reviewed papers written by leading engineers and researchers which all address the ongoing research and novel developments in the field.

Download or read book Embedded Software Design and Programming of Multiprocessor System on Chip written by Katalin Popovici and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current multimedia and telecom applications require complex, heterogeneous multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC) architectures with specific communication infrastructure in order to achieve the required performance. Heterogeneous MPSoC includes different types of processing units (DSP, microcontroller, ASIP) and different communication schemes (fast links, non standard memory organization and access). Programming an MPSoC requires the generation of efficient software running on MPSoC from a high level environment, by using the characteristics of the architecture. This task is known to be tedious and error prone, because it requires a combination of high level programming environments with low level software design. This book gives an overview of concepts related to embedded software design for MPSoC. It details a full software design approach, allowing systematic, high-level mapping of software applications on heterogeneous MPSoC. This approach is based on gradual refinement of hardware/software interfaces and simulation models allowing to validate the software at different abstraction levels. This book combines Simulink for high level programming and SystemC for the low level software development. This approach is illustrated with multiple examples of application software and MPSoC architectures that can be used for deep understanding of software design for MPSoC.

Download or read book Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2016 written by Tim Schulze and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-14 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the papers presented at the 20th anniversary edition of the AMAA conference held in Brussels, Belgium in 2016. The theme of the conference was “Smart Systems for the Automobile of the Future”. The automobile is currently being reshaped at unprecedented pace. Automation and electrification are the two dominant megatrends which dramatically change the choice and design of components, systems, vehicular architectures and ultimately the way we use cars in the coming decades. Novel E/E architectures, vehicular connectivity and cloud services will be key to extending the perception and decision-making horizons of automated vehicles, to enable cooperative functions and a seamless digital user experience. The AMAA’s ongoing mission to detect novel trends in automotive ICT, electronics and smart systems and to discuss the technological implications is once again reflected in this volume. The book will be a valuable read for research experts and professionals in the automotive and smart systems industry but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.

Download or read book Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2013 written by Jan Fischer-Wolfarth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The road vehicle of the future will embrace innovations from three major automotive technology fields: driver assistance systems, vehicle networking and alternative propulsion. Smart systems such as adaptive ICT components and MEMS devices, novel network architectures, integrated sensor systems, intelligent interfaces and functional materials form the basis of these features and permit their successful and synergetic integration. They increasingly appear to be the key enabling technologies for safe and green road mobility. For more than fifteen years the International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA) has been successful in detecting novel trends and in discussing the technological implications from early on. The topic of the AMAA 2013 will be “Smart Systems for Safe and Green Vehicles”. This book contains peer-reviewed papers written by leading engineers and researchers which all address the ongoing research and novel developments in the field. www.amaa.de

Download or read book Multiprocessor System on Chip written by Michael Hübner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to evaluate strategies for future system design in multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) architectures. Both hardware design and integration of new development tools will be discussed. Novel trends in MPSoC design, combined with reconfigurable architectures are a main topic of concern. The main emphasis is on architectures, design-flow, tool-development, applications and system design.

Download or read book High performance Power efficient Solutions for Embedded Vision Computing written by Hamed Tabkhivayghan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embedded vision is a top tier, rapidly growing market with a host of challenges and conflicting requirements. Complex algorithms can pose immense computation ( > 50GOPs) and communication ( > 8GB/s) demands, especially considering adaptive vision algorithms (which employ machine learning techniques and concurrently update a scene model). Yet at the same time, their embedded deployment demands low power operation consuming only a few Watts. Multiprocessor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs) have emerged as one main architecture approach to improve power efficiency while increasing computational performance. Still, current vision MPSoCs either shy away from supporting adaptive vision algorithms or operate at very limited resolutions due to the immense communication and computation demands. This dissertation identifies major challenges that hinder embedded realizations of advanced vision algorithms. (1) immense communication demands ( > 8GB/s) render efficient embedded implementations infeasible. (2) constructing larger vision applications out of independent vision processing elements (even if (1) would be solved) is challenging due to the combined communication demand. (3) to recover design cost, sales quantities need to be increased which can be achieved through targeting a domain of applications. This, however, requires novel architectures to simultaneously provide efficiency (performance and power) and flexibility (to execute multiple applications). Finally, (4) system architects often start from system specification model and rely on their evolving knowledge to architect vision platforms. Abstraction levels and automation tools need to be identified to guide system architects on the path from market requirements to a system specification. This dissertation makes three major contributions to address the above identified challenges. First, this dissertation outlines how to "reduce the communication demand of adaptive vision algorithms" which removes a tremendous hurdle for their embedded realization. For this, we have identified two communication types commonly present in these algorithms, namely streaming and algorithm-intrinsic traffic. Separating these traffic types enables application-specific management of algorithm-intrinsic data (e.g. through compression, prioritization). We have demonstrated the benefits using Mixture of Gaussian (MoG) background subtraction. Through compression, we reduced the memory bandwidth by 60% without impacting quality. Through an architecture template, we demonstrate how the traffic separation can be realized in a platform. We furthermore demonstrate the benefits of traffic separation when constructing complete vision applications. Our complete object tracking vision flow (image smoothing, MoG background subtraction, morphology, component-labeling, histogram checking) realized on a Zynq-based architecture processes 1080p at 30Hz. It executes 40GOPs at only 1.7Watts of on-chip power. Second, this dissertation "introduces a novel processor class to efficiently support a set of vision applications within a market". In particular, we introduce Function-level Processor (FLP) which offers efficiency similar to custom hardware and yet is sufficient flexible to execute different applications (of the same market). An FLP achieves efficiency by coarsening architecture programmability from instructions (as in an ILP) to functions. We demonstrate the benefits using Analog Devices' Pipeline Vision Processor (PVP). We show how 10 different Automotive Driver Assistance System (ADAS) applications can be entirely mapped to the PVP. The PVP processes to 22.4 GOPs while consuming 314 mW - 14x-18x less than a compared ILP-based solutions. Third, this dissertation "provides guidance for system architects in early stages of the design", i.e. from market requirements to a system specification model. For this, we introduce Conceptual Abstraction Levels (CALs). CALs identify a sequence of critical areas for early architecture exploration and resolve interdependent challenges and dependencies through iteration. CALs help system architects to identify the potential application taking benefits of traffic separation or application blocks for function-level processing at early stages of design. Overall, this dissertation tackles complexities associated with architecting embedded vision MPSoCs from three different angles: (1) in abstract design phase, (2) realization of individual algorithms in hardware, and (3) embedded realization of a complete flow even when simultaneously targeting multiple applications. The dissertation contributions can also provide guidance considering other challenging streaming domains, such as radar processing, wireless base-band processing or software-defined radio.