Download or read book Elucidation of the Host Cell Membrane Associated Interaction Partners of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Its Lectins in Space and Time written by Sahaja Aigal and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an abundance of virulence factors that aid in the establishment of bacterial invasion and infection in mammalian host cells. In this work, we investigated the host cell membrane-associated proteins that interact with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) and its lectins, LecA and LecB. We used human lung epithelial cell line, H1299 as the cellular model for all the experiments as this bacterium is one of the major causes of severe lung infection. We found a novel cytoskeletal interaction partner of PAO1, namely the septin GTPases. When H1299 cells were infected with the pathogen, we observed cage-like as well as an amorphous ensemble of septins around it. We also found that knockdown (KD) or perturbation of septin function led to an increase in intracellular bacterial load. Additionally, we observed that septin function perturbation resulted in a significant reduction (≥70%) of viable bacterial count in the cell culture supernatant after 4 h of bacterial stimulation. While the wild-type cells could restrict the infection by expelling the septin-caged bacterium out, the septin function perturbed cells were less efficient in doing so. Septins, therefore, have a protective role against PAO1 infection. We found another interaction partner of PAO1 via its galactose-binding lectin LecA in H1299 cells. We observed that LecA associated with flotillin-1, a lipid raft marker which performs the role of an endocytic molecule and an intracellular cargo trafficker. In addition, LecA and flotillin-1 co-immunoprecipitated- this prompted us to investigate lectin trafficking in the absence of flotillin-1. Knockout of flotillin-1 did not impair LecA binding or internalization, but induced marginal changes in trafficking and kinetics. However, the invasion of whole bacteria was reduced by 50% in the absence of flotillin-1. We also found two other interaction partners of the bacterium via its fucose-binding lectin, LecB. We performed preliminary investigations on LecB internalization and found the glycoprotein receptor-CD44, a marker for CLIC/GEEC endocytic pathway to be associated with it. Since most pathogen interactions with the host cells require host cell binding and receptor clustering, we studied briefly the possibility of LecB mediated CD44 clustering at different time points using dSTORM microscopy. Preliminary investigation revealed that CD44 receptor clustering increased by ~2-fold and at the same time, the mean cluster size d ...

Download or read book Environmental Microbiology Fundamentals and Applications written by Jean-Claude Bertrand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a treatise on microbial ecology that covers traditional and cutting-edge issues in the ecology of microbes in the biosphere. It emphasizes on study tools, microbial taxonomy and the fundamentals of microbial activities and interactions within their communities and environment as well as on the related food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. The work exceeds the traditional domain of microbial ecology by revisiting the evolution of cellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes and stressing the general principles of ecology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology.

Download or read book Stress Induced Mutagenesis written by David Mittelman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of stress-induced mutagenesis has changed ideas about mutation and evolution, and revealed mutagenic programs that differ from standard spontaneous mutagenesis in rapidly proliferating cells. The stress-induced mutations occur during growth-limiting stress, and can include adaptive mutations that allow growth in the otherwise growth-limiting environment. The stress responses increase mutagenesis specifically when cells are maladapted to their environments, i.e. are stressed, potentially accelerating evolution then. The mutation mechanism also includes temporary suspension of post-synthesis mismatch repair, resembling mutagenesis characteristic of some cancers. Stress-induced mutation mechanisms may provide important models for genome instability underlying some cancers and genetic diseases, resistance to chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs, pathogenicity of microbes, and many other important evolutionary processes. This book covers pathways of stress-induced mutagenesis in all systems. The principle focus is mammalian systems, but much of what is known of these pathways comes from non-mammalian systems.

Download or read book Gram positive Pathogens written by Vincent A. Fischetti and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the only single volume to deal with all aspects of gram–positive pathogens. It addresses the mechanisms of gram–positive bacterial pathogenicity, including the current knowledge on gram–positive structure and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Emphasizing streptococci, staphylococci, listeria, and spore–forming pathogens, Gram–Positive Pathogens includes chapters written by many of the leading researchers in these areas. The chapters systematically dissect these organisms biologically, genetically, and immunologically in an attempt to understand the strategies used by these bacteria to cause human disease.

Download or read book Quorum Sensing written by Giuseppina Tommonaro and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of bacterial cooperative behaviour that has an effect on gene regulation. This cell-to-cell communication system involves the production of signalling molecules according to cell density and growth stage. Virulence, the ability to infest a habitat and cause disease, is also governed by such communication signals. Quorum Sensing: Molecular mechanism and biotechnological application collects, describes and summarizes the most interesting results obtained from experts working on QS mechanisms. It contributes to the understanding of the molecular basis that regulates this mechanism, and describes new findings in fields of application. This volume describes the QS mechanism from its molecular basis to medical applications such as antibiotic therapy and involvement of QS in pathologies. This reference also analyzes its potential use in biotechnological applications such as food packaging, drug delivery, and marine biofilm. The broad scope of this title will be of significant use to researchers across several fields with interest in QS, including to microbiologists, chemists, biochemists and ecologists. Describes Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanisms from their molecular basis, to their clinical applications Spans several fields in relation to QS, including microbiology, chemistry, biochemistry and ecology Considers QS as an approach to the discovery of new antibiotics Looks at QS as a means to understand the microbial world and towards use of bacteria and their products in biotechnological applications Summarizes key results on QS mechanisms’ molecular basis and fields of application

Download or read book Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis written by Brian Ceresa and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis is a compilation of scientific "short stories" about the entry of external substances into cells. As one can see from the chapters, endocytosis regulates diverse processes such as homeostasis of the cell, signal transduction, entry of pathogens and viruses. In addition to the experimental techniques embedded in each chapter, entire chapters are dedicated to experimental approaches that will be useful to all scientists and their model systems. For those more clinically oriented, the final chapters look to the future and ways of utilizing endocytic pathways for therapeutic purposes.

Download or read book Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas written by Shmuel Razin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: was the result of the efforts of Robert Cleverdon. The rapidly developing discipline of molecular biology and the rapidly expanding knowledge of the PPLO were brought together at this meeting. In addition to the PPLO specialists, the conference invited Julius Marmur to compare PPLO DNA to DNA of other organisms; David Garfinkel, who was one of the first to develop computer models of metabolism; Cyrus Levinthal to talk about coding; and Henry Quastler to discuss information theory constraints on very small cells. The conference was an announcement of the role of PPLO in the fundamental understanding of molecular biology. Looking back 40-some years to the Connecticut meeting, it was a rather bold enterprise. The meeting was international and inter-disciplinary and began a series of important collaborations with influences resonating down to the present. If I may be allowed a personal remark, it was where I first met Shmuel Razin, who has been a leading figure in the emerging mycoplasma research and a good friend. This present volume is in some ways the fulfillment of the promise of that early meeting. It is an example of the collaborative work of scientists in building an understanding of fundamental aspects of biology.

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Download or read book The Gastro Archeologist written by Jeremy Woodward and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-03 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to understand common conditions such as coeliac disease and Crohn’s disease, one must view the gut in its evolutionary context. This is the novel approach to the gut and its diseases that is adopted in this book. The first part tells the story of the evolution of the gut itself – why it came about and how it has influenced the evolution of animals ever since. The second part focuses on the evolution of immunity and how the layers of immune mechanisms are retained in the gut, resembling the strata revealed in an archeological dig. The final part, ‘The Gastro-Archeologist’, ties the first two together and highlights how understanding the gut and immune system in their evolutionary context can help us understand diseases affecting them. Ambitious in its scope but telling a unique story from a refreshingly novel perspective, the book offers an informative and enjoyable read. As the story of the gut, immunity and disease unfolds, the author aims to endow readers with the same sense of awe and excitement that the subject evokes in him. Difficult concepts are illustrated using simple and colourful analogies, and the main content is supplemented with anecdotes and unusual and amusing facts throughout the book. The book is intended for anyone with an interest in the gut, its immunity and diseases, ranging from school and college biology and biomedical students, to professionals working in the field, and to patients suffering from intestinal diseases who want to understand more about their conditions.

Download or read book Plant Lectins written by A. Pusztai and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume surveys the chemistry, biochemistry, biosynthesis, metabolism and pharmacological properties of lectins. Lectins, which are most commonly found in plants, are widespread natural products with striking biological activities. Their specific ability to recognise and bind to simple or complex saccharides facilitates their role as effective information protein molecules. As agents of cell-to-cell recognition, lectins promote symbiosis between plants and specific nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria. As natural defensive molecules, they can protect plants against predators such as bacteria, fungi and insects. As part of our diet, lectins are powerful exogenous growth factors in the small intestine and influence our health, the digestive function and the bacterial ecology of the alimentary tract. Lectins are also important research tools in preparative biochemistry and cell science.

Download or read book The Perfect Slime written by Hans-Curt Flemming and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Perfect Slime presents the latest state of knowledge and all aspects of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances, (EPS) matrix – from the ecological and health to the antifouling perspectives. The book brings together all the current material in order to expand our understanding of the functions, properties and characteristics of the matrix as well as the possibilities to strengthen or weaken it. The EPS matrix represents the immediate environment in which biofilm organisms live. From their point of view, this matrix has paramount advantages. It allows them to stay together for extended periods and form synergistic microconsortia, it retains extracellular enzymes and turns the matrix into an external digestion system and it is a universal recycling yard, it protects them against desiccation, it allows for intense communication and represents a huge genetic archive. They can remodel their matrix, break free and eventually, they can use it as a nutrient source. The EPS matrix can be considered as one of the emergent properties of biofilms and are a major reason for the success of this form of life. Nevertheless, they have been termed the “black matter of biofilms” for good reasons. First of all: the isolation methods define the results. In most cases, only water soluble EPS components are investigated; insoluble ones such as cellulose or amyloids are much less included. In particular in environmental biofilms with many species, it is difficult to impossible isolate, separate the various EPS molecules they are encased in and to define which species produced which EPS. The regulation and the factors which trigger or inhibit EPS production are still very poorly understood. Furthermore: bacteria are not the only microorganisms to produce EPS. Archaea, Fungi and algae can also form EPS. This book investigates the questions, What is their composition, function, dynamics and regulation? What do they all have in common?

Download or read book Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants written by Horst Marschner and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents the principles of mineral nutrition in the light of current advances. For this second edition more emphasis has been placed on root water relations and functions of micronutrients as well as external and internal factors on root growth and the root-soil interface.

Download or read book Glycosciences written by Hans-Joachim Gabius and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of the topic, ranging from basic molecular research to clinical applications. Critical reviews by leading experts in each field summarize the state of knowledge and discuss the anticipated benefits of novel approaches and strategies. These include the impact of modern analysis techniques on glycobiology, the use of synthetic neoglycoproteins, or the clinical consequences of new insights into the physiological role of lectins and glycoconjugates in pathology, oncology, immunity, neuroscience and reproduction medicine. Throughout, the aim is to separate realistic applications from mere hopes.

Download or read book Oral Biofilms written by S. Eick and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofilms are highly organized polymicrobial communities that are embedded in an extracellular matrix and formed on natural and artificial surfaces. In the oral cavity, biofilms are formed not only on natural teeth, but also on restorative materials, prosthetic constructions, and dental implants. Oral diseases like caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and also pulp inflammation are associated with biofilms. This publication is an up-to-date overview on oral biofilms from different clinically relevant perspectives. Experts comprising basic researchers and clinicians report on recent research relating to biofilms - from general summaries to recommendations for daily clinical work. This book covers all aspects of oral biofilms, including models used in the laboratory, biofilms in dental water unit lines, periodontal and peri-implant biofilms, caries-related biofilms, halitosis, endodontic biofilms, and Candida infections, as well as biofilms on dental materials and on orthodontic appliances. Several chapters deal with anti-biofilm therapy, from the efficacy of mechanical methods and the use of antimicrobials, to alternative concepts. This publication is particularly recommended to dental medicine students, practitioners, other oral healthcare professionals, and scientists with an interest in translational research on biofilms.

Download or read book Microbiome and Cancer written by Erle S. Robertson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-20 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book ventures into a new and exciting area of discovery that directly ties our current knowledge of cancer to the discovery of microorganisms associated with different types of cancers. Recent studies demonstrate that microorganisms are directly linked to the establishment of cancers and that they can also contribute to the initiation, as well as persistence of, the cancers. Microbiome and Cancer covers the current knowledge of microbiome and its association with human cancers. It provides important reading for novices, senior undergraduates in cancer and microbiology, graduate students, junior investigators, residents, fellows and established investigators in the fields of cancer and microbiology. We cover areas related to known, broad concepts in microbiology and how they can relate to the ongoing discoveries of the micro-environment and the changes in the metabolic and physiologic states in that micro-environment, which are important for the ongoing nurturing and survival of the poly-microbial content that dictates activities in that micro-environment. We cover the interactions of microorganisms associated with gastric carcinomas, which are important for driving this particular cancer. Additional areas include oral cancers, skin cancers, ovarian cancers, breast cancers, nasopharyngeal cancers, lung cancers, mesotheliomas, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, glioblastoma multiforme, hepatocellular carcinomas, as well as the inflammatory response related to the infectious agents in cancers. This book covers the metabolic changes that occur because of infection and their support for development of cancers, chronic infection and development of therapeutic strategies for detection and control of the infection. The field of microbiome research has exploded over the last five years, and we are now understanding more and more about the context in which microorganisms can contribute to the onset of cancers in humans. The field of microbiome research has demonstrated that the human body has specific biomes for tissues and that changes in these biomes at the specific organ sites can result in disease. These changes can result in dramatic differences in metabolic shifts that, together with genetic mutations, will produce the perfect niche for establishment of the particular infection programmes in that organ site. We are just beginning to understand what those changes are and how they influence the disease state. Overall, we hope to bring together the varying degrees of fluctuations in the microbiome at the major organ sites and how these changes affect the normal cellular processes because of dysregulation, leading to proliferation of the associated tissues.

Download or read book Bad Bug Book written by Mark Walderhaug and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bad Bug Book 2nd Edition, released in 2012, provides current information about the major known agents that cause foodborne illness.Each chapter in this book is about a pathogen—a bacterium, virus, or parasite—or a natural toxin that can contaminate food and cause illness. The book contains scientific and technical information about the major pathogens that cause these kinds of illnesses.A separate “consumer box” in each chapter provides non-technical information, in everyday language. The boxes describe plainly what can make you sick and, more important, how to prevent it.The information provided in this handbook is abbreviated and general in nature, and is intended for practical use. It is not intended to be a comprehensive scientific or clinical reference.The Bad Bug Book is published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Download or read book Introduction to Biofilm Engineering written by Navanietha Krishnaraj Rathinam and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There is a growing demand for investigation of biofilm mechanisms in detail for the purpose of controlling diseases as well as for harnessing their potential for industrial biotechnology applications. Although biofilms have greater roles in disease biology and offer better yields than suspended cells in bioprocesses, little emphasis has placed on biofilms in several universities' curricula. This book aims to provide a basic understanding about biofilm formation, factors influencing biofilm formations, and engineering strategies for improving or inhibiting the growth of biofilms. This book will serve as course material for the undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty who are interested in offering a course on biofilm engineering. This book covers techniques that are relevant to biofilm characterization, which will be helpful for the researchers to gain basic understanding about the subject"--