Download or read book Electrorheological Crystallization of Proteins and Other Molecules written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An electrorheological crystalline mass of a molecule is formed by dispersing the molecule in a dispersion fluid and subjecting the molecule dispersion to a uniform electrical field for a period of time during which time an electrorheological crystalline mass is formed. Molecules that may be used to form an electrorheological crystalline mass include any organic or inorganic molecule which has a permanent dipole and/or which is capable of becoming an induced dipole in the presence of an electric field. The molecules used to form the electrorheological crystalline mass are preferably macromolecules, such as biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipoproteins and viruses. Molecules are crystallized by a method in which an electric field is maintained for a period of time after the electrorheological crystalline mass has formed during which time at least some of the molecules making up the electrorheological crystalline mass form a crystal lattice. The three dimensional structure of a molecule is determined by a method in which an electrorheological crystalline mass of the molecule is formed, an x-ray diffraction pattern of the electrorheological crystalline mass is obtained and the three dimensional structure of the molecule is calculated from the x-ray diffraction pattern.
Download or read book Protein Crystallization under the Presence of an Electric Field Special Issue Editor Abel Moreno MDPI written by Abel Moreno and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Protein Crystallization under the Presence of an Electric Field" that was published in Crystals
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protein Crystallization written by Terese M. Bergfors and published by Internat'l University Line. This book was released on 2009 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crystallization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins written by Arnaud Ducruix and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallography is the major method of determining structures of biological macromolecules yet crystallization techniques are still regarded as difficult to perform. This new edition of Crystallization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins: A Practical Approach continues in the vein of the first edition by providing a detailed and rational guide to producing crystals of proteins and nucleic acids of sufficient quantity and quality for diffraction studies. It has been thoroughly updated to include all the major new techniques such as the uses of molecular biology in structural biology (maximizing expression systems, sequence modifications to enable crystallization, and the introduction of anomalous scatterers); diagnostic analysis of prenucleation and nucleation by spectroscopic methods; and the two- dimensional electron crystallography of soluble proteins on planar lipid films. As well as an introduction to crystallogenesis, the other topics covered are: Handling macromolecular solutions, experimental design, seeding, proceeding from solutions to crystals Crystallization in gels Crystallization of nucleic acid complexes and membrane proteins Soaking techniques Preliminary characterization of crystals in order to tell whether they are suitable for diffraction studies. As with all Practical Approach books the protocols have been written by experienced researchers and are tried an tested methods. The underlying theory is brought together with the laboratory protocols to provide researchers with the conceptual and methodological tools necessary to exploit these powerful techniques. Crystallization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins: A Practical Approach 2e will be an invaluable manual of practical crystallization methods to researchers in molecular biology, crystallography, protein engineering, and biological chemistry.
Download or read book Crystallization of Membrane Proteins written by Hartmut Michel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The precise knowledge of the structure of biological macromolecules forms the basis of understanding their function and their mechanism of action. It also lays the foundation for rational protein and drug design. The only method to obtain this knowledge is still crystallography. At present, the structures of about 400 proteins are known at or nearly at atomic proteins. However, only two of them are membrane proteins or complexes of the membrane proteins. The reasons for the difference is not the crystals of membrane proteins resists forming special problems when being analysed. The reason is that the membrane proteins resist into forming into well-ordered crystals. The intention of this book is to help to produce well-ordered crystals proteins and to provide guidelines, it is aimed at both biochemists and protein crystallographer‘s.
Download or read book Methods and Results in Crystallization of Membrane Proteins written by So Iwata and published by Internat'l University Line. This book was released on 2003 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Membrane Protein Crystallization written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-05-29 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Current Topics in Membranes focuses on Membrane Protein Crystallization, beginning with a review of past successes and general trends, then further discussing challenges of mebranes protein crystallization, cell free production of membrane proteins and novel lipids for membrane protein crystallization. This publication also includes tools to enchance membrane protein crystallization, technique advancements, and crystallization strategies used for photosystem I and its complexes, establishing Membrane Protein Crystallization as a needed, practical reference for researchers.
Download or read book Strategies for Two dimensional Crystallization of Proteins Using Lipid Monolayers written by Jens Dietrich and published by Imperial College Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategies for Two-Dimensional Crystallization of Proteins Using Lipid Monolayers presents an overview of different methods that lead to structure determination by electron microscopy. These methods have proven to be extremely successful, especially for elucidating the structure of membrane proteins. Electron crystallography has become an important tool for structure determination of such proteins. This book covers the different practical approaches to two-dimensional crystallization of soluble as well as membrane proteins. From there it takes the reader to equally important issues, such as sample transfer and sample preparation for electron microscopy. In addition, the text provides an introduction to membrane protein structural biology and cryo-electron crystallography, as well as an in-depth discussion on two-dimensional crystallization and surface crystallization.
Download or read book Science Technology Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protein Crystallization under the Presence of an Electric Field written by Abel Moreno and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book entitled “Protein Crystallization under the Presence of an Electric Field” covers recent trends and original contributions on the use of electric fields (internal and external) for applications for nucleation control and the effect on the kinetics of crystallization processes. This book also includes basic strategies for growing crystals of biological macromolecules for characterization via X-ray and neutron diffraction as well as using modern X-ray-free electron-lasers. There are six main topics covered on this book, including recent insights into the crystallization process from nucleation and growth peculiarities, when using different kinds of electric fields; the effect of external electric fields on the kinetics of the dislocation-free growth of model proteins; the use of very strong external electric fields for the crystallization of a model protein glucose isomerase; and the use of alternant electric fields using different kinds of pulses and their combination with strong magnetic fields. There are also contributions related to applications in developing electron-transfer devices as well as graphene-based platforms for electrocrystallization and in situ X-ray diffraction characterization.
Download or read book Protein crystals Definition and control of dissolution written by Ronny Oswald and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization of proteins was in past decades mostly used to prepare large and highly pure crystals, to determine the structure of the protein crystals by X-ray measurements. With the increase of industrial applications of proteins [Bre08], the desired amount of high purity proteins is increasing, too. Crystallized proteins offer an improved shelf life with a very high degree of preservation of the protein enzyme activity. A further important advantage of protein crystallization is purification at low cost in industrial mass production. A large number of studies on the crystallization of proteins with the aim to optimize purity, yield, shape or activity were performed, e. g. by Durbin and Feher or McPherson. In research papers on protein crystallization, lysozyme is the most often described protein because it is easily available and it is of fairly low cost. In most cases, however, only the crystallization processes are investigated, the dissolution is neglected even though dissolution of crystals is of most importance for the use of the proteins after storage. For a better controlled use of crystallized proteins in future, it is necessary to observe and understand those dissolution mechanisms. Due to the high price most proteins could be examined in only a low quantity. Therefore, new technologies of the examination need to be developed.
Download or read book Developing a Strategy to Enhance Protein Crystallization Using Metal Chelate Complexes written by Randeniya Adikaram Mudiyanselage Subhani Samanmali Bandara and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to solve the structures of important proteins can be enhanced by increasing the probability of obtaining suitable crystals. Co-crystallization of the proteins with metal-chelate complexes (MCCs) show promise in achieving this goal. In this study, six lanthanide ligand complexes, [Tb(HDPA)3]3-, [Tb(DPA)3]3-, [Tb(HDPA)3-n(DPA)n]n=0-3, [Gd(DTPA)]2-, [Eu(DOTA-4Amc)]- and [Tm(DOTP)]5- were used in crystallization trials with eight test proteins, concanavalin A, glucose isomerase, beta amylase, alpha lactalbumin, thermolysin, lipase B, lysozyme and streptavidin under customized grid screens to observe their ability to enhance crystallization of the proteins. A new crystal form of the streptavidin-biotin complex (C222) was facilitated by co-crystallization with [Tb(DPA)3]3- under conditions that were not previously reported for the protein. The crystal composed of sheets of streptavidin molecules held together by [Tb(DPA)3]3- complexes along the vertical 2-fold axes. Likewise this type of symmetric, rigid complexes can favor the bridging of symmetry related protein molecules and provide a symmetry point for the crystal on which to build. Also, it is evident that the [Tb(DPA)3]3- complexes are involved in interactions important to expand the lattice in the third dimension. Similarly a novel crystal form for concanavalin A was obtained in the presence of [Tb(HDPA)3]3- in the tetragonal space group P43212. The 4-hydroxyl groups of the ligands in [Tb(HDPA)3]3- could allow these complexes to interact with each other in addition to protein molecules. These inter-complex Interactions formed a network of [Tb(HDPA)3]3- complexes in the concanavalin A crystal, providing a stronger surface for the protein molecules to interact with and to build into a lattice. In addition, [Tb(HDPA)3-n(DPA)n]n=0-3, [Gd(DTPA)]2-, [Eu(DOTA-4Amc)]- and [Tm(DOTP)]5- promoted crystallization of the proteins under conditions, different from that of previously reported crystal structures. Co-crystallization with the metal-chelate complexes has the added advantage of incorporating lanthanides, which are strong anomalous scatterers that can be used to solve the structure by anomalous dispersion. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy could be used to separate protein crystals from small molecule crystals of certain MCCs. In conclusion, the lanthanide chelate complexes can enhance protein crystallization via introducing crystal contacts and/or by promoting nucleation.
Download or read book Design of Multifunctional Protein Crystals written by Kenneth Han and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteins are the premier building blocks that Nature uses to create sophisticated systems. From carrying out the biological processes essential for life (e.g., photosynthesis, DNA replication, nitrogen fixation, etc.), to serving as mechanical supports for cells (e.g., cytoskeleton, membrane proteins, etc.), proteins play diverse, functional roles. Due to these capabilities, the synthesis of protein-based materials has become a burgeoning field that aims to introduce new-to-nature functionalities. Notably, researchers have recently begun to view protein crystals as viable candidates to serve as molecular templates. While historically used for structural analysis, protein crystals have more recently garnered attention as hosts for various extrinsic cargos including small molecules, nanoparticles, and other guest proteins. The Tezcan Lab, in particular, has successfully integrated synthetic polymers into crystals composed of Human Heavy-chain Ferritin (HuHF), resulting in a material termed Polymer-Integrated Protein Crystals (PIX). These hydrogel-crystals exhibit unprecedent characteristics such as reversible expansion/contraction and self-healing, all while maintaining crystallinity. Herein, we have focused on exploring the potential applications and limitations of PIX. In this dissertation, we elucidate how the different components of PIX can be modified to generate a multifunctional material. Starting with the building block, we created a mutant HuHF variant that exhibits a cysteine residue on the protein surface. By labeling HuHF with a specific small molecule, control over its crystallization behavior was achieved, leading to the formation of two distinct lattice arrangements. The spatial organization of HuHF molecules subsequently influences polymer distribution during PIX formation. Through these experiments, we discovered anisotropic polymer distribution can grant PIX with directional actuation during expansion/ contraction (Chapter 2). In another study, we examined how the dynamicity of PIX can be leveraged to encapsulate macromolecular cargo. By screening different proteins and encapsulation conditions, we revealed PIX can uptake guest proteins with high loading efficiencies (up to 46% w/w). Moreover, we explored the pH-dependency of cargo uptake and release using two model proteins, cytochrome c and lysozyme (Chapter 3). Lastly, we developed core-shell protein crystals using two distinct HuHF variants. This unique spatial organization of the HuHF molecules facilitated selective modification of the crystal surface. Due to PIX's ability to encapsulate protein, we further functionalized the interstitial space and created a cell-like system (Chapter 4).
Download or read book Index of Patents Issued from the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 2418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Conference on Colloid and Surface Science written by Y. Iwasawa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-02-15 with total page 1129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this Conference was to discuss the results of recent developments and the future prospect in science and technology of the field. The field has been growing and flourishing, while indicating many problems to be uncovered and solved. The conference was structured to encourage interaction and to stimulate the exchange of ideas to accomplish the above purpose. Key issues and materials related to the Conference were included as follows: • Molecular Assemblies in Solutions; • Fine Particles and Colloidal Dispersions; • Supramolecular Organized Films; • Nanostructural Solid Surfaces; • Industrial Applications and Products. The Conference comprised 2 plenary lectures, 42 invited lectures, 150 oral presentations and 266 poster presentations.
Download or read book The Conformational Universe of Proteins and Peptides written by Marilisa Leone and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteins represent one of the most abundant classes of biological macromolecules and play crucial roles in a vast array of physiological and pathological processes. The knowledge of the 3D structure of a protein, as well as the possible conformational transitions occurring upon interaction with diverse ligands, are essential to fully comprehend its biological function. In addition to globular, well-folded proteins, over the past few years, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have received a lot of attention. IDPs are usually aggregationprone and may form toxic amyloid fibers and oligomers associated with several human pathologies. Peptides are smaller in size than proteins but similarly represent key elements of cells. A few peptides are able to work as tumor markers and find applications in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields. The conformational analysis of bioactive peptides is important to design novel potential drugs acting as selective modulators of specific receptors or enzymes. Nevertheless, synthetic peptides reproducing different protein fragments have frequently been implemented as model systems in folding studies relying on structural investigations in water and/or other environments. This book contains contributions (seven original research articles and five reviews published in the journal Molecules) on the above-described topics and, in detail, it includes structural studies on globular folded proteins, IDPs and bioactive peptides. These works were conducted usingdifferent experimental methods.
