Download or read book Electrophysiological Investigations of Recognition Memory written by Graham MacKenzie and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dual-process models of recognition memory propose that recognition memory can be supported by either a general sense of familiarity or the recollection of the encoding context. One source of evidence supporting dual-process models comes from event-related potential (ERP) studies of recognition memory, which have identified distinct patterns of neural activity associated with familiarity and recollection (the mid frontal and left parietal old/new effects, respectively). In this thesis, dual-process accounts of recognition memory were investigated in a series of ERP studies using three categories of stimulus: previously unknown faces, famous faces, and names. For previously unknown faces, familiarity was associated with activity over posterior scalp electrodes while recollection was associated with topographically dissociable activity over anterior electrodes. These dissociable patterns of activity support dual-process models. However, the typical pattern of old/new effects was only observed for stimuli associated with pre-existing representations (i.e., names and famous faces), suggesting that the presence/absence of pre-existing representations may determine the particular retrieval processes that support recognition memory. Furthermore, recollection was associated with two different patterns of activity (anterior and left parietal effects), suggesting that recollection is not a homogenous process. Dual-process theories may represent an important starting point for investigating recognition memory, but neither familiarity nor recollection appear to be functionally homogenous processes when theorizing is constrained by the analysis of scalp recorded electrophysiological activity.
Download or read book Electrophysiological Investigations of Recognition Memory in Developmental Prosopagnoisa written by Edwin James Burns and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the present thesis was to ascertain to what extent face recognition deficits in DP are driven by the respective contributions of familiarity and recollection.
Download or read book Recognition Memory Revisited written by Elliott C. Jardin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides a better understanding of contributing factors to age differences in human episodic memory. A recurrent finding in recognition memory is that older adults tend to have lower overall accuracy and tend to make fewer false-alarm errors in judging new items, relative miss errors (Coyne, Allen & Wickens, 1986; Danziger, 1980; Poon and Fozard 1980). Two possible causes for decline in these abilities include an age-related decrement in speed of processing (Salthouse 1991) and changes in information processing ability due to entropy (Allen, Kaufman, Smitch, & Propper 1998a; Mallik et al., in preparation). Additionally, age differences may be partially explained by a tendency for older adults to exhibit a conservative response bias. Surprisingly this study found no age-related differences in recognition memory accuracy, and older adults did not show a more conservative response bias. Due to these null results for age, the study examined the role of response bias (propensity to indicate a probe as being recognized, or new) on recognition memory accuracy and the role of the release from proactive interference (PI) across age. This study introduces a new ERP (Event-Related Potential) component to measure the recognition of "miss" responses called "FN400 Below Threshold." This component, when looked at collapsed across Experiment 1 & Experiment 2 was positively correlated to behavioral accuracy suggesting that a more conservative response criterion hurts overall behavioral accuracy. Experiment 2 found that words learned from four categories were easier to remember than words from a single category due to a reduction in interference across items. This effect was found for both age groups.
Download or read book Theories Of Memory written by Alan F. Collins and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of chapters by some of the most influential memory researchers. Chapters focus on a wide range of key areas of research. The main emphasis throughout the book is on theoretical issues and how they relate to existing empirical work. The contributions reveal that memory continues to be an important research area and they provide a state-of- the-art perspective on this central aspect of cognitive psychology.
Download or read book Cognitive Electrophysiology written by H.-J. Heinze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MICHAEL S. GAZZANIGA The investigation of the human brain and mind involves a myriad of ap proaches. Cognitive neuroscience has grown out of the appreciation that these approaches have common goals that are separate from other goals in the neural sciences. By identifying cognition as the construct of interest, cognitive neuro science limits the scope of investigation to higher mental functions, while simultaneously tackling the greatest complexity of creation, the human mind. The chapters of this collection have their common thread in cognitive neuroscience. They attack the major cognitive processes using functional stud ies in humans. Indeed, functional measures of human sensation, perception, and cognition are the keystone of much of the neuroscience of cognitive sci ence, and event-related potentials (ERPs) represent a methodological "coming of age" in the study of the intricate temporal characteristics of cognition. Moreover, as the field of cognitive ERPs has matured, the very nature of physiology has undergone a significant revolution. It is no longer sufficient to describe the physiology of non-human primates; one must consider also the detailed knowledge of human brain function and cognition that is now available from functional studies in humans-including the electrophysiological studies in humans described here. Together with functional imaging of the human brain via positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), ERPs fill our quiver with the arrows required to pierce more than the single neuron, but the networks of cognition.
Download or read book The Cognitive Electrophysiology of Mind and Brain written by Alberto Zani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive electrophysiology is a very well established field utilizing new technologies such as bioelectric events-related potentials (ERP) and magnetic (ERF) recordings to pursue the investigation of mind and brain. Current research focuses on reviewing ERP/ERF findings in the areas of attention, language, memory, visual and auditory perceptual processing, emotions, development, and neuropsychological clinical damages. The goal of such research is basically to provide correlations between the structures of the brain and their complex cognitive functions.This book reviews the latest findings in the areas of attention, language, memory, visual and auditory perception, and brain damage research based primarily on research conducted using ERP recordings. Beyond just compiling the knowledge gained from ongoing research, the authors also identify outstanding problems in the field and predict future developments. Provides an original post-cognitive theoretical approach to the investigation of the human mind and brain Presents integrated view of the emotional and cognitive features as well as of developmental features of neurocognitive systems Well-illustrated with elegant and original artwork that clarifies complex theoretical and methodological points throughout the text
Download or read book Electrophysiological Potentials in the Hippocampus During Recognition Memory written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retrieval Induced Forgetting and Recognition Memory written by Bernhard Johannes Spitzer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Do the Electrophysiological Correlates of Recognition Memory Change with Time written by Jenna Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Electrophysiological and Neuropsychological Organization of Long Term Memory written by Richard James Addante and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrophysiological correlates of recognition memory retrieval were examined in order to identify the neural conditions that precede accurate memory retrieval, characterize the processes that contribute to high and low confidence memory responses, and determine which memory processes are impaired after brain injury. Human electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during recognition confidence and source memory judgments in three experiments. In Experiment 1, mid-frontal pre-stimulus theta oscillations were found to precede the stimulus presentation of items that were successfully recollected, but they were not found to be predictive of item familiarity. Moreover, during stimulus presentation, recollection was associated with an increase in theta over left parietal regions, and the magnitude of this effect was predicted by the earlier per-stimulus theta effects. The results suggest that pre-stimulus processes set the stage for and facilitate subsequent recollection. In experiment 2, high and low confidence source memory judgments were found to be supported by two electrophysiologically distinct processes. Whereas correct high confidence source memory was associated with a late positive component indicative of recollection, correct low confidence source memory was associated with a late onset negative going ERP that was distinct from both recollection and familiarity based responses. The results indicate that correct source memory responses can be observed even in the absence of recollection. In experiment 3, ERPs were recorded in amnesics in order to determine whether they exhibited selective deficits in recollection, as previous behavioral studies had suggested. Behavioral data showing relatively preserved item recognition along with severely impaired source recollection was consistent with prior studies of these patients, and ERPs revealed that the patients showed no evidence of recollection-related neurophysiology, but maintained normal ERP correlates of familiarity. These results indicate that these patients exhibit selective recollection deficits, are consistent with dual process models of memory, and suggest that source memory depends critically upon the medial temporal lobe structures, such as the hippocampus, which are typically disrupted in amnesia.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Event Related Potential Components written by Steven J. Luck and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the major ERP components. It covers components related to multiple research domains, including perception, cognition, emotion, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and lifespan development.
Download or read book Investigation of Visual Long term Potentiation and Visual Recognition Memory in Older Adults written by Alevtina Koulikova and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cognitive Electrophysiology of Mind and Brain written by Alberto Zani and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-10-02 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When his beloved donkey becomes ill, a young Italian boy is determined to take her to the crypt of St. Francis in Assisi in hopes of making her well.
Download or read book Investigating the Impact of Brain derived Neurotrophic Factor on Recognition Memory written by Nicole Mckay and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition memory is comprised of two subprocesses; familiarity and recollection. Familiarity refers to the ability to recognise that an object has been previously experienced, while recollection also involves the recall of related detailed information. One common demonstration of these two processes comes from our experiences with other people in our everyday lives. For example, when we encounter a person we have previously met, one of two types of recognition can occur. The first, familiarity, is the experience of knowing that you have met this person previously, but being unsure who they are; while the second, recollection, is the experience of recognising this person, and being able to recall detailed information about who they are, or when you first met. There is debate in the recognition memory literature as to whether these two subprocesses are distinct, or extremes of the same process. Single-process advocates view familiarity and recollection as extremes of a single memory process; while dual-process researchers posit that they are independent components of recognition. Previous research has indicated that variation within the gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) impacts performance on recognition tasks. More specifically, carriers of the Val66Met (rs6265) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) have been shown to have reduced accuracy on standardised recognition as measured by the revised WMS-III task (Egan et al., 2003; Hariri et al., 2003; Lamb, Thompson, McKay, Waldie, & Kirk, 2015). Given that recognition consists of both familiarity and recollection, it was of interest to investigate whether the impact of this SNP was general across both parts of recognition, or specific to one subprocess. To explore this idea, 100 participants were genotyped for the Val66Met SNP. A subsample of these participants was invited to participate in a recognition memory electroencephalogram (EEG) experiment. This experiment utilised a source recognition memory paradigm, allowing for behavioural and electrophysiological measures specific to familiarity and recollection to be measured (Addante, Ranganath, & Yonelinas, 2012). Specifically, if was of interest to investigate whether there was any relationship between the possession of the Met SNP, and the amplitude or latency of either the N400 or late positive component (LPC), two electrophysiological measures of familiarity and recollection. Finally, 61 participants who had completed the EEG experiment, were subsampled and recruited to participate in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiment, so that the relationship between the Val66Met SNP and brain structure, could be explored. Some previous research had indicated that carriers of the Val66Met SNP had reduced volume in memory-related structures such as the hippocampus (Pezawas et al., 2004). This thesis aimed to replicate and extend these findings to other grey- and white-matter regions that underpin recognition memory processing. Our analyses included both global- and region of interest approaches. Our region of interest analyses aimed to specifically focus on structures that are related to each of familiarity, such as the perirhinal cortex, and recollection, such as the hippocampus. This allowed us to not only to consider whether the Val66Met SNP had a global impact on brain anatomy, but also to investigate if this SNP impacted the familiarity and recollection neural circuitry differentially. Our results show that within our sample, we replicate previous findings that carriers of the BDNF Met allele have reduced recognition memory accuracy. Specifically, we find this reduced accuracy for the familiarity measure of recognition, but not the recollection measure. In line with this, our EEG results also show that the amplitude of the N400 component, associated with familiarity, is less extreme for carriers of the Met allele. However, we find no differences in the latency or amplitude of the LPC component, associated with recollection. Interestingly, we find no evidence of coarse structural differences in either grey- or white-matter structures for those participants carrying the Val66Met SNP. Together, we take these results as evidence that the Val66Met SNP impacts familiarity in a functional manner, in the absence of any large-scale structural influences.
Download or read book New Research in Cognitive Sciences written by Miao-Kun Sun and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive science is most simply defined as the scientific study either of mind or of intelligence. It is an interdisciplinary study drawing from relevant fields including psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, linguistics, anthropology, computer science, biology, and physics. There are several approaches to the study of cognitive science. These approaches may be classified broadly as symbolic, connectionist, and dynamic systems. Symbolic -- holds that cognition can be explained using operations on symbols, by means of explicit computational theories and models of mental (but not brain) processes analogous to the workings of a digital computer. Connectionist (subsymbolic) -- holds that cognition can only be modelled and explained by using artificial neural networks on the level of physical brain properties.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Event Related Potential Components written by Steven J. Luck and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the major ERP components.
Download or read book Change in Electrophysiological Correlates of Recognition Memory Processes Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury written by Jason Stuart Little and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
