Download or read book Electronic Structure of Defects in Oxides Final Report December 1 1979 November 30 1980 Cap Alpha Al2O3 MgAl2O4 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details of the electronic structure of F-type centers in the series of oxides SrO, CaO, .cap alpha.-Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 have been determined using measurements of photoconductivity, luminescence, and fluorescence lifetimes. Measurements were made over the spectral range 2 to 6.5 eV and over the temperature range 4 to 350°K. The centers were introduced into SrO by electron, on proton or neutron bombardment, into CaO and .cap alpha.-Al2O3 by electron a neutron bombardment or thermochemical coloration, and into MgAl2O4 by particle bombardment. In some cases, notably CaO and .cap alpha.-Al2O3, the photoconductivity behaves differently depending on the method used to introduce the centers. In particular, neutron irradiated and some thermochemically colored samples of sapphire contain an effective electron trap with an optical transition energy of approx. 5.0 eV and a thermal excitation energy of 0.72 eV as determined by measurements of photoconductivity, thermoluminescence and phosphorescence. This trap appears to be structural defect consisting of an aggragate of anion vacancies.
Download or read book Surface and Interface Electronic Structure Final Report December 1 1994 November 30 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants written by Perrin Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.
Download or read book Moon written by Viorel Badescu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-22 with total page 771 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth has limited material and energy resources. Further development of the humanity will require going beyond our planet for mining and use of extraterrestrial mineral resources and search of power sources. The exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon is a first natural step on this direction. Lunar materials may contribute to the betterment of conditions of people on Earth but they also may be used to establish permanent settlements on the Moon. This will allow developing new technologies, systems and flight operation techniques to continue space exploration. In fact, a new branch of human civilization could be established permanently on Moon in the next century. But, meantime, an inventory and proper social assessment of Moon’s prospective energy and material resources is required. This book investigates the possibilities and limitations of various systems supplying manned bases on Moon with energy and other vital resources. The book collects together recent proposals and innovative options and solutions. It is a useful source of condensed information for specialists involved in current and impending Moon-related activities and a good starting point for young researchers.
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System written by John S. Lewis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System is a broad survey of the Solar System. The book discusses the general properties and environment of our planetary system, including the astronomical perspective, the general description of the solar system and of the sun and the solar nebula). The text also describes the solar system beyond mars, including the major planets; pluto and the icy satellites of the outer planets; the comets and meteors; and the meteorites and asteroids. The inner solar system, including the airless rocky bodies; mars, venus, and earth; and planets and life about other stars, is also encompassed. Mathematicians, chemists, physicists, geologists, astronomers, meteorologists, and biologists will find the book useful.
Download or read book Advances in Micro and Nano Manufacturing and Surface Engineering written by M. S. Shunmugam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-30 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents research papers on micro and nano manufacturing and surface engineering which were presented during the 7th International and 28th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research conference 2018 (AIMTDR 2018). The papers discuss the latest advances in miniature manufacturing, the machining of miniature components and features as well as improvement of surface properties. This volume will be of interest to academicians, researchers, and practicing engineers alike.
Download or read book Advances in Renewable Hydrogen and Other Sustainable Energy Carriers written by Abdallah Khellaf and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines a broad range of advances in hydrogen energy and alternative fuel developments and their role in the energy transition. The respective contributions were presented at the International Symposium on Sustainable Hydrogen, held in Algiers, Algeria on November 27-28, 2019. The transition from non-renewable polluting energy to sustainable green energy requires not only new energy sources but also new storage techniques and smart energy management. This situation has sparked renewed interest in hydrogen and alternative fuels, as they could help meet these needs. Indeed, hydrogen can not only be used as a clean energy vector or as an alternative fuel, but also as a storage medium or as an intermediary that enables improved energy management. This text offers a valuable reference guide for those working in the professional energy sector, as well as for students and instructors in academia who want to learn about the state of the art and future directions in the fields of hydrogen energy, alternative fuels and sustainable energy development.
Download or read book Nanostructure Science and Technology written by Richard W. Siegel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely information on scientific and engineering developments occurring in laboratories around the world provides critical input to maintaining the economic and technological strength of the United States. Moreover, sharing this information quickly with other countries can greatly enhance the productivity of scientists and engineers. These are some of the reasons why the National Science Foundation (NSF) has been involved in funding science and technology assessments comparing the United States and foreign countries since the early 1980s. A substantial number of these studies have been conducted by the World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) managed by Loyola College through a cooperative agreement with NSF. The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Committee on Technology's Interagency Working Group on NanoScience, Engineering and Technology (CT/IWGN) worked with WTEC to develop the scope of this Nanostucture Science and Technology report in an effort to develop a baseline of understanding for how to strategically make Federal nanoscale R&D investments in the coming years. The purpose of the NSTC/WTEC activity is to assess R&D efforts in other countries in specific areas of technology, to compare these efforts and their results to U. S. research in the same areas, and to identify opportunities for international collaboration in precompetitive research. Many U. S. organizations support substantial data gathering and analysis efforts focusing on nations such as Japan. But often the results of these studies are not widely available. At the same time, government and privately sponsored studies that are in the public domain tend to be "input" studies.
Download or read book High Performance Pigments written by Hugh MacDonald Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the ideal companion to Wiley's trilogy: The Pigments Handbook (1988), Industrial Organic Pigments (1997), and Industrial Inorganic Pigments (1998). High Performance Pigments have become increasingly important in recent years, with a growth rate well in advance of the more classical types of pigments. The book offers both producers and users of High Performance Pigments the opportunity to review and update their understanding of latest technologies and market issues impacting both inorganic and organic High Performance Pigments, together with assessing key regulatory affairs, in this specialty niche of the chemical industry. The manufacture of High Performance Pigments is today a global industry. This is reflected in the multinational expertise of the over twenty experts, drawn from Europe, North America and Asia, who have authored chapters in this book. No professional today can afford to waste time on unfocussed research. This book will effectively help chemists, physicists, engineers, applications and regulatory specialists, and materials scientists to stay ahead in this fast-changing field.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics written by Harsh Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 1579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few decades have witnessed the growth of the Earth Sciences in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the planet that we live on. This development addresses the challenging endeavor to enrich human lives with the bounties of Nature as well as to preserve the planet for the generations to come. Solid Earth Geophysics aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics and forms the intrinsic framework, which other allied disciplines utilize for more specific investigations. The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics was published in 1989 by Van Nostrand Reinhold publishing company. More than two decades later, this new volume, edited by Prof. Harsh K. Gupta, represents a thoroughly revised and expanded reference work. It brings together more than 200 articles covering established and new concepts of Geophysics across the various sub-disciplines such as Gravity, Geodesy, Geomagnetism, Seismology, Seismics, Deep Earth Processes, Plate Tectonics, Thermal Domains, Computational Methods, etc. in a systematic and consistent format and standard. It is an authoritative and current reference source with extraordinary width of scope. It draws its unique strength from the expert contributions of editors and authors across the globe. It is designed to serve as a valuable and cherished source of information for current and future generations of professionals.
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Utilization to Sustainable Energy and Fuels written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book provides an in-depth overview of carbon dioxide (CO2) transformations to sustainable power technologies. It also discusses the wide scope of issues in engineering avenues, key designs, device fabrication, characterizations, various types of conversions and related topics. It includes studies focusing on the applications in catalysis, energy conversion and conversion technologies, etc. This is a unique reference guide, and one of the detailed works is on this technology. The book is the result of commitments by leading researchers from various backgrounds and expertise. The book is well structured and is an essential resource for scientists, undergraduate, postgraduate students, faculty, R&D professionals, energy chemists and industrial experts.
Download or read book Characterization of Minerals Metals and Materials 2021 written by Jian Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection focuses on the advancements of characterization of minerals, metals, and materials and the applications of characterization results on the processing of these materials. Advanced characterization methods, techniques, and new instruments are emphasized. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to: · Novel methods and techniques for characterizing materials across a spectrum of systems and processes. · Characterization of mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, dielectric, magnetic, physical, and other properties of materials. · Characterization of structural, morphological, and topographical natures of materials at micro- and nano- scales. · Characterization of extraction and processing including process development and analysis. · Advances in instrument developments for microstructure analysis and performance evaluation of materials, such as computer tomography (CT), X-ray and neutron diffraction, electron microscopy (SEM, FIB, TEM), and spectroscopy (EDS, WDS, EBSD) techniques. · 2D and 3D modelling for materials characterization. The book explores scientific processes to characterize materials using modern technologies, and focuses on the interrelationships and interdependence among processing, structure, properties, and performance of materials.
Download or read book Fractography of Glasses and Ceramics written by Van Derck Frechette and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Minerals Metals and Materials 2015 written by John Carpenter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-20 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection focuses on the characterization of minerals, metals, and materials as well as the application of characterization results on the processing of these materials. Papers cover topics such as clays, ceramics, composites, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, minerals, electronic materials, magnetic materials, environmental materials, advanced materials, and soft materials. In addition, papers covering materials extraction, materials processing, corrosion, welding, solidification, and method development are included. This book provides a current snapshot of characterization in materials science and its role in validating, informing, and driving current theories in the field of materials science. This volume will serve the dual purpose of furnishing a broad introduction of the field to novices while simultaneously serving to keep subject matter experts up-to-date.
Download or read book Shape Casting written by Murat Tiryakioğlu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-08 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a collection of papers on the science, engineering, and technology of shape casting, with contributions from researchers worldwide. Among the topics that are addressed are the structure-property-performance relationships, modeling of casting processes, and the effect of casting defects on the mechanical properties of cast alloys.
Download or read book Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Security and Protection against CBRN Threats written by Plamen Petkov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-29 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the lectures and contributions of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Security and Protection Against CBRN Threats” held in Sozopol, Bulgaria, September 2019. It gives a broad overview on this topic as it combines articles addressing the preparation and characterization of different nanoscaled materials (metals, oxides, glasses, polymers, carbon-based, etc.) in the form of nanowires, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanodots, thin films, etc. and contributions on their applications in diverse security and safety related fields. In addition, it presents an interdisciplinary approach drawing on the Nanoscience and Nanotechnology know-how of authors from Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, Materials Science and Biology. A further plus-point of the book, which represents the knowledge of experts from over 20 countries, is the combination of longer papers introducing the background on a certain topic, and brief contributions highlighting specific applications in different security areas.
Download or read book The Periodic Table Nature s Building Blocks written by J. Theo Kloprogge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 931 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Periodic Table: Nature’s Building Blocks: An Introduction to the Naturally Occurring Elements, Their Origins and Their Uses addresses how minerals and their elements are used, where the elements come from in nature, and their applications in modern society. The book is structured in a logical way using the periodic table as its outline. It begins with an introduction of the history of the periodic table and a short introduction to mineralogy. Element sections contain their history, how they were discovered, and a description of the minerals that contain the element. Sections conclude with our current use of each element. Abundant color photos of some of the most characteristic minerals containing the element accompany the discussion. Ideal for students and researchers working in inorganic chemistry, minerology and geology, this book provides the foundational knowledge needed for successful study and work in this exciting area. Describes the link between geology, minerals and chemistry to show how chemistry relies on elements from nature Emphasizes the connection between geology, mineralogy and daily life, showing how minerals contribute to the things we use and in our modern economy Contains abundant color photos of each mineral that bring the periodic table to life
