Download or read book Electron Distributions and the Chemical Bond written by Philip Coppens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the proceedings of a symposium held at the Spring 1981 ACS meeting in Atlanta. The symposium brought together Theoretical Chemists, Solid State Physicists, Experimen tal Chemists and Crystallographers. One of its major aims was to increase interaction between these diverse groups which often use very different languages to describe similar concepts. The devel opment of a common language, or at least the acquisition of a multilingual capability, is a necessity if the field is to prosper. Much depends in this field on the interplay between theory and experiment. Accordingly this volume begins with two introduc tory chapters, one theoretical and the other experimental, which contain much of the background material needed for a through under standing of the field. The remaining sections describe a wide variety of applications and illustrate, we believe, the central role of charge densities in the understanding of chemical bonding. We are most indebted to the Divisions of Inorganic and Phy sical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, which provided the stimulus for the symposium and gave generous financial support. We also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Special Educational Opportunities Program of the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society, which made exten sive participation by speakers from abroad possible.

Download or read book Kappa Distributions written by George Livadiotis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-04-19 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kappa Distributions: Theory and Applications in Plasmas presents the theoretical developments of kappa distributions, their applications in plasmas, and how they affect the underpinnings of our understanding of space and plasma physics, astrophysics, and statistical mechanics/thermodynamics. Separated into three major parts, the book covers theoretical methods, analytical methods in plasmas, and applications in space plasmas. The first part of the book focuses on basic aspects of the statistical theory of kappa distributions, beginning with their connection to the solid backgrounds of non-extensive statistical mechanics. The book then moves on to plasma physics, and is devoted to analytical methods related to kappa distributions on various basic plasma topics, spanning linear/nonlinear plasma waves, solitons, shockwaves, and dusty plasmas. The final part of the book deals with applications in space plasmas, focusing on applications of theoretical and analytical developments in space plasmas from the heliosphere and beyond, in other astrophysical plasmas. Kappa Distributions is ideal for space, plasma, and statistical physicists; geophysicists, especially of the upper atmosphere; Earth and planetary scientists; and astrophysicists. Answers important questions, such as how plasma waves are affected by kappa distributions and how solar wind, magnetospheres, and other geophysical, space, and astrophysical plasmas can be modeled using kappa distributions Presents the features of kappa distributions in the context of plasmas, including how kappa indices, temperatures, and densities vary among the species populations in different plasmas Provides readers with the information they need to decide which specific formula of kappa distribution should be used for a certain occasion and system (toolbox)

Download or read book Nanophononics written by Zlatan Aksamija and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat in most semiconductor materials, including the traditional group IV elements (Si, Ge, diamond), III–V compounds (GaAs, wide-bandgap GaN), and carbon allotropes (graphene, CNTs), as well as emerging new materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), is stored and transported by lattice vibrations (phonons). Phonon generation through interactions with electrons (in nanoelectronics, power, and nonequilibrium devices) and light (optoelectronics) is the central mechanism of heat dissipation in nanoelectronics. This book focuses on the area of thermal effects in nanostructures, including the generation, transport, and conversion of heat at the nanoscale level. Phonon transport, including thermal conductivity in nanostructured materials, as well as numerical simulation methods, such as phonon Monte Carlo, Green’s functions, and first principles methods, feature prominently in the book, which comprises four main themes: (i) phonon generation/heat dissipation, (i) nanoscale phonon transport, (iii) applications/devices (including thermoelectrics), and (iv) emerging materials (graphene/2D). The book also covers recent advances in nanophononics—the study of phonons at the nanoscale. Applications of nanophononics focus on thermoelectric (TE) and tandem TE/photovoltaic energy conversion. The applications are augmented by a chapter on heat dissipation and self-heating in nanoelectronic devices. The book concludes with a chapter on thermal transport in nanoscale graphene ribbons, covering recent advances in phonon transport in 2D materials. The book will be an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students of nanoelectronics, device engineering, nanoscale heat transfer, and thermoelectric energy conversion. The book could also be a basis for a graduate special topics course in the field of nanoscale heat and energy.

Download or read book Classical and Quantum Description of Plasma and Radiation in Strong Fields written by Fabien Niel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents several important aspects of the plasma dynamics in extremely high intensity electromagnetic fields when quantum electrodynamics effects have to be taken into account. This work is of utmost importance for the forthcoming generation of multipetawatt laser facilities where this physics will be tested. The first part consists of an introduction that extends from classical and quantum electrodynamics in strong fields to the kinetic description of plasmas in the interaction with such fields. This can be considered as an advanced tutorial which would be extremely useful to researchers and students new to the field. The second part describes original contributions on the analysis of the signatures of classical and quantum radiation reaction on the distribution function of the charged particles and of the photon spectrum, and leads to significant advances on this topic. These results are then extended to the analysis of the so-called QED cascades which are of central importance for a better understanding of some astrophysical phenomena and basic physics problems. Finally, the book discusses future directions for the high intensity laser–plasma interaction community. The results presented in this thesis are expected to become more and more relevant as the new multipetawatt facilities become operative.

Download or read book Free Electron Lasers written by Sandor Varro and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free Electron Lasers consists of 10 chapters, which refer to fundamentals and design of various free electron laser systems, from the infrared to the xuv wavelength regimes. In addition to making a comparison with conventional lasers, a couple of special topics concerning near-field and cavity electrodynamics, compact and table-top arrangements and strong radiation induced exotic states of matter are analyzed as well. The control and diagnostics of such devices and radiation safety issues are also discussed. Free Electron Lasers provides a selection of research results on these special sources of radiation, concerning basic principles, applications and some interesting new ideas of current interest.

Download or read book Physics of Ionized Gases written by Boris M. Smirnov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-20 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive textbook and reference for the study of the physics of ionized gases The intent of this book is to provide deep physical insight into the behavior of gases containing atoms and molecules from which one or more electrons have been ionized. The study of these so-called plasmas begins with an overview of plasmas as they are found in nature and created in the laboratory. This serves as a prelude to a comprehensive study of plasmas, beginning with low temperature and "ideal" plasmas and extending to radiation and particle transport phenomena, the response of plasmas to external fields, and an insightful treatment of plasma waves, plasma instabilities, nonlinear phenomena in plasmas, and the study of plasma interactions with surfaces. In all cases, the emphasis is on a clear and unified understanding of the basic physics that underlies all plasma phenomena. Thus, there are chapters on plasma behavior from the viewpoint of atomic and molecular physics, as well as on the macroscopic phenomena involved in physical kinetics of plasmas and the transport of radiation and of charged particles within plasmas. With this grounding in the fundamental physics of plasmas, the notoriously difficult subjects of nonlinear phenomena and of instabilities in plasmas are then treated with comprehensive clarity.

Download or read book Physical Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1903- include Proceedings of the American Physical Society.

Download or read book The Physics of Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors written by K. K. Choi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1997 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, infrared imaging has been used exclusively for military applications. In fact, it can also be useful in a wide range of scientific and commercial applications. However, its wide spread use was impeded by the scarcity of the imaging systems and its high cost. Recently, there is an emerging infrared technology based on quantum well intersubband transition in III-V compound semiconductors. With the new technology, these impedances can be eliminated and a new era of infrared imaging is in sight. This book is designed to give a systematic description on the underlying physics of the new detectors and other issues related to infrared managing.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Surface Science written by Kurt W. Kolasinski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated fourth edition of the text that provides an understanding of chemical transformations and the formation of structures at surfaces The revised and enhanced fourth edition of Surface Science covers all the essential techniques and phenomena that are relevant to the field. The text elucidates the structural, dynamical, thermodynamic and kinetic principles concentrating on gas/solid and liquid/solid interfaces. These principles allow for an understanding of how and why chemical transformations occur at surfaces. The author (a noted expert on in the field) combines the required chemistry, physics and mathematics to create a text that is accessible and comprehensive. The fourth edition incorporates new end-of-chapter exercises, the solutions to which are available on-line to demonstrate how problem solving that is relevant to surface science should be performed. Each chapter begins with simple principles and builds to more advanced ones. The advanced topics provide material beyond the introductory level and highlight some frontier areas of study. This updated new edition: Contains an expanded treatment of STM and AFM as well as super-resolution microscopy Reviews advances in the theoretical basis of catalysis and the use of activity descriptors for rational catalyst design Extends the discussion of two-dimensional solids to reflect remarkable advances in their growth and characterization Delves deeper into the surface science of electrochemistry and charge transfer reactions Updates the “Frontiers and Challenges” sections at the end of each chapter as well as the list of references Written for students, researchers and professionals, the fourth edition of Surface Science offers a revitalized text that contains the tools and a set of principles for understanding the field.

Download or read book New Perspectives on the Earth s Magnetotail written by A. Nishida and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1998-02-04 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the nightside of the Earth, a long magnetic tail is formed by the tangential stress that is exerted by the solar wind as it flows by the planet. The magnetotail is the nightside extension of the Earth's magnetosphere in which the geomagnetic field is confined by the solar wind, and its framework is formed by the field lines e.

Download or read book Theoretical and Quantum Chemistry at the Dawn of the 21st Century written by Tanmoy Chakraborty and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-06-19 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, edited by a well-known specialist in the field of theoretical chemistry, gathers together a selection of papers on theoretical chemistry within the themes of mathematical, computational, and quantum chemistry. The authors present a rich assembly of some of the most important current research in the field of quantum chemistry in modern times. In Quantum Chemistry at the Dawn of the 21st Century, the editors aim to replicate the tradition of the fruitful Girona Workshops and Seminars, held at the University of Girona, Italy, annually for many years, which offered important scientific gatherings focusing on quantum chemistry. This volume, like the workshops, showcases a large variety of quantum chemical contributions from different points of view from some of the leading scientists in the field today. This unique volume does not pretend to provide a complete overview of quantum chemistry, but it does provide a broad set of contributions by some of the leading scientists on the field, under the expert editorship of two leaders in the field.

Download or read book X rays and Electrons written by Arthur Holly Compton and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electronic Processes in Organic Semiconductors written by Anna Köhler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-22 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first advanced textbook to provide a useful introduction in a brief, coherent and comprehensive way, with a focus on the fundamentals. After having read this book, students will be prepared to understand any of the many multi-authored books available in this field that discuss a particular aspect in more detail, and should also benefit from any of the textbooks in photochemistry or spectroscopy that concentrate on a particular mechanism. Based on a successful and well-proven lecture course given by one of the authors for many years, the book is clearly structured into four sections: electronic structure of organic semiconductors, charged and excited states in organic semiconductors, electronic and optical properties of organic semiconductors, and fundamentals of organic semiconductor devices.

Download or read book Plasma Physics and Engineering written by Alexander Fridman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Physics and Engineering presents basic and applied knowledge on modern plasma physics, plasma chemistry, and plasma engineering for senior undergraduate and graduate students as well as for scientists and engineers working in academia; research labs; and industry with plasmas, laser and, combustion systems. This is a unique book providing a clear fundamental introduction to all aspects of modern plasma science, describing all electric discharges applied today from vacuum to atmospheric pressure and higher, from thermal plasma sources to essentially cold non-equilibrium discharges. A solutions manual is available for adopting professors, which is helpful in relevant university courses. Provides a lucid introduction to virtually all aspects of modern plasma science and technology Contains an extensive database on plasma kinetics and thermodynamics Includes many helpful numerical formulas for practical calculations, as well as numerous problems and concepts This revised edition includes new material on atmospheric pressure discharges, micro discharges, and different types of discharges in liquids Prof. Alexander Fridman is Nyheim Chair Professor of Drexel University and Director of C. & J. Nyheim Plasma Institute. His research focuses on plasma approaches to biology and medicine, to material treatment, fuel conversion, and environmental control. Prof. Fridman has almost 50 years of plasma research in national laboratories and universities of Russia, France, and the United States. He has published 8 books, and received numerous honors for his work, including Stanley Kaplan Distinguished Professorship in Chemical Kinetics and Energy Systems, George Soros Distinguished Professorship in Physics, the State Prize of the USSR, Plasma Medicine Award, Kurchatov Prize, Reactive Plasma Award, and Plasma Chemistry Award. Prof. Lawrence A. Kennedy is Dean of Engineering Emeritus and Professor of Mechanical Engineering Emeritus at the University of Illinois at Chicago and Professor of Mechanical Engineering Emeritus at the Ohio State University. His research focuses on chemically reacting flows and plasma processes. He is the author of more than 300 archival publications and 2 books, the editor of three monographs and served as Editor–in-Chief of the International Journal of Experimental Methods in Thermal and Fluid Science. Professor Kennedy was the Ralph W. Kurtz Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering at OSU and the Stanley Kaplan University Scholar in Plasma Physics at UIC. Prof. Kennedy is also the recipient of numerous awards such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Heat Transfer Memorial Award (2008), and the Ralph Coats Roe Award from ASEE (1993). He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Download or read book Research Summary written by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Charge Distributions and Chemical Effects written by S. Fliszar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The energy of a molecule can be studied with the help of quantum theory, a satisfactory approach because it involves only basic and clearly identified physical concepts. In an entirely different approach, the molecular energy can be broken down into individual contributions reflecting chemical bonds plus a host of subsidiary "effects", like y-gauche, skew pentane, ring-strain, etc. , giving an overall picture in terms of topological characteristics. The latter approach can be successful, particularly if a sufficient number of particular topological situations have been parametrized (which is an empir ical way of "understanding" chemistry), but also contains the seed for difficulties. Indeed, the danger exists of unduly ascribing a physical meaning to corrective terms whose function is primarily to account in an empirical fashion for discrepancies between "expected" and observed results. The link between this type of empirical approach and the knowledge that the ground state energy is uniquely determined by the electron density is lost somewhere along the road, although some of the "steric effects" are here and there vaguely traced back to electronic effects. The approach presented in this monograph goes back to the fundamen tals in that it is exclusively based on interactions involving nuclear and electronic charges. Confining the study to molecules in their equilibrium geometry, the problem of molecular energies is reduced to its electrostatic aspects, explicitly involving local electron populations.